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The Tabuk War happened in the month of Rejab of 9 Hijrah/630M at the Tabuk district of northwestern Saudi Arabia that was located about 683 km from Madinah. It was the second war that happened between the Muslims and the Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire. The war was reignited by the Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire because of their desire to avenge their loss in the previous Mut'ah War that happened 3 years prior. They also intended on taking and ruling back the north region of Saudi Arabia that was driven by the fact that there has been a political instability between the Muslims and the Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire. Therefore, Prophet Muhammad SAW, bless be upon him, declared war on the foes in order to topple the domination of the Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire on the north region of Saudi Arabia.

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The Byzantine power, which was considered the greatest military force on earth at that time, showed an unjustifiable opposition towards Muslims. The King of Byzantine sent the Roman soldiers at the border of Syria meaning that war would be launched against Prophet Muhammad SAW. Upon knowing that, Prophet Muhammad SAW managed to gather 30000 Muslims to take part in the Battle of Tabouk. The force was fully armed. Their journey to Tabouk was very challenging with the great distances, heat scorching weather and lack of food sources. Once Muslims armies landed in Tabouk, none of the Romans appeared because of the fear they felt with the arrival of Muslims armies. However, Prophet Muhammad SAW suggested to camp there before returning to Medina. Later, Yuhana bin Ru’bah from Ilah visits Prophet Muhammad SAW and offered a peaceful agreement besides willingly paid jizyah to be under the protection of Prophet Muhammad SAW where it was well received by the people of Jarba and Azruh. After about 20 days of camping, Muslims armies returned to Medina without the slightest bloodshed. The Empire of Islam expanded and stregthened after most of the Byzantines populations joined to be under the influences of Prophet Muhammad SAW.

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Throughout the battle of Tabouk, there were several companions as the major donors. Hazrat Uthman, the wealthiest man who prepared 900 camels, 50 horses and 1000 dinars, Hazrat Omar al-Khattab willingly gave half of his wealth while Hazrat Abu Bakr willingly gave all his wealth for the battle. Not to forget, Abdurrahman bin Awf who donated 4000 dirhams and Abu Aqil who donated a saa’ of dates and also the jewels that had been donated by Muslim women for the battle.

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There are a few benefits that come with the battle, one them being that most of the people of Tabuk accepted Prophet Muhammad's SAW's invitation to join the Muslims' army, increasing the number of soldiers. At the end of the battle, just before the army left Tabuk, the monks of the monastery of St. Catherine in the valley of Sinai, came to see the Prophet. He gave them audience, and granted them a charter which is comparable to the Charter of Medina which he had granted to the Jews, and the attainment of this peaceful agreement led to the expansion of the Islamic States. Finally, the Muslim government was able to control the border of Syam.

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THE  CONTENTS OF AGREEMENT IN THE BATTLE OF TABUK

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THE  CONTENTS OF AGREEMENT IN THE BATTLE OF TABUK

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1) The Muslims would protect the churches and monasteries of the Christians. They would not demolish any church property either to build mosques or to build houses for the Muslims.
2) All ecclesiastical property (of the Christians) would be exempt from every tax.

3) No ecclesiastical authority would ever be forced by the Muslims to abandon his post.

4) No Christian would ever be forced by the Muslims to become a convert to Islam.

5) A Christian woman marries a Muslim, she would have full freedom to follow her own religion.

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Allah has mentioned in the Surah Tawbah about the hypocrites during the Battle of Tabuk in verse of 42-49 and further explain in the verse of 81, “Those who stayed away rejoiced in their staying behind the Messenger of Allah; they hated to strive and fight with their properties and their lives in the cause of Allah, and they said: "March not forth in the heat.” Say: "The fire of Hell is more intense in heat; '' if only they could understand!”

In this verse Allah admonishes the hypocrites who lagged behind from the battle of Tabuk where this war took place at a time of scorching heat and the fruits and shades became delightful. Allah said to Prophet Muhamad SAW to say to the hypocrites that the fire of hell is even more intense than the heat that they sought to avoid and this will be their place because of the disobedience to Prophet Muhammad SAW.

In the verse of 29 in Surah Tawbah, Allah mentioned “Fight those who believe not in God nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by God and His Apostle, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth , (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.”

This verse explains about the permission for Muslims to fight those who are not paying the jizyah (state tax) when they are under the protection of Muslims.

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FEEDBACKS FROM READERS ABOUT THIS PADLET

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FEEDBACKS FROM READERS ABOUT THIS PADLET

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"WOW, this is a very informative padlet, I've learned so much about the battle of Tabuk from this padlet." = Raja Nur Azreen (IIUM Biotechnology)

"I would like to request stories on other historic Islamic battles to be done as this! It's so easy to read and the use of language is simple!" - Nurdiyana Shafie (IIUM Biotechnology)

"I like that the poster is not messy and the padlet is comprehensive. The availability of this platform online makes it easy to access in case i needed to jog my memory about the battle" - Ailin Nabila (IIUM Biotechnology)

"I agree with Diyana Shafie (second respondent) in requesting other stories about the Islamic battles to be told in such way" - Zakiah Hanim (IIUM Biotechnology)

"It's good stuff like these that makes me appreciate the internet. Keep up the good work Jeha, Ain and Syazana!" - Qiestiena Aliya Faiezi (IIUM Biotechnology)