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Greeks under Agathocles invade Carthaginian territories of African coast. Treaty signed in 306.

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Carthaginian invasions of western Sicily

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Agathocles, native of Himera, tyrant of Syracuse and then (304) king.

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Timoleon restores democratic law in Syracuse.

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Dionysius II is leader of Syracuse. Philip II rules Macedonia 359-336.

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Plato in Syracuse; suggests Sicily as model of utopian society. Syracuse has emerged as Sicily's most important city and will remain so until the 10th century when Arabs re-populate Panormos (Palermo)

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Carthaginians stablish permanent presence at Palermo. Wars between Carthaginans and Greeks(and subsequently with Romans) continue. Greeks re-name ZisPanormos

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Dionysius I rules as "tyrant" (leader) of Syracuse

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Birth of Dion, later tyrant of Syracuse

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Carthaginians
invade western Sicily, destroying Himera in 409

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Athenians invade eastern Sicily, defeated in 413.

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Peloponnesian War

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Sicel leader Ducetius (died 440) leads revolt

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Aeschylus

dies at Gela

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Carthaginians under Hamilcar defeated by Gelon of Siracuse at Battle of  Himera  defeated at Battle of Salamis.

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Athenians defeat Persians at Battle of Marathon. Persian wars begin, lasting until 479.

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Hippocrates and Gelon (from 478), as tyrants of Syracuse, rule most of eastern Sicily.

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Akragas (Agrigento) founded.

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Selinus (Selinunte) established

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the first Greek to land in Iberia

was a sea captain, Kolaios

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Himera
(TerminiImerese)
founded

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Gela founded

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Katane (Catania) settled by Chalcidians from Naxos

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Zancle (Messina) settled

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Phoenicians
establish Punic city
of Zis (Palermo)

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Greeks assimilate
Sicels'
city of Enna,

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Syracuse (Siracusa) founded as Greek colony.

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Naxos founded as first permanent Greek colony in Sicily.

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IN SICILY AND SPAIN