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Solute concentration affects the movement of H20 across the cell's membrane because it moves to where there is less water. When looking at the data shown, the higher the concentration, the lower the mass of the potato was. For example at 0.8 m of sugar concentrate, the mass went down 30%, while with 0m of sugar concentration the potatoes mass increased 20% because of the amount of water flowed into the cell membrane. This means that whenever there is less water in the cell membrane, the water flows into the cell because the water moves to where there is less water. This makes the cells expand and makes them hypotonic, which is the reason as to why their mass increased. When there are less water and more sugar concentrate, the cell shrinks because the opposite is happening when a cell is hypertonic. This makes the mass of the cell decrease as shown in the graph. When a cell shrivels up because of the lack of water the potato becomes hypertonic. In conclusion, the solute concentration affects the movement of H20 across the cell membrane, by having the water move to where there is less water.

The solute concentration of the potato cell is 0.35. The data shows that at 0.35m the mass doesn't have a drastic percent change or sits at the x-axis, near 0. This is because the solute concentration is isotonic and there is an equal influx of water in and out of the potato cells. In conclusion, the potato is isotonic and has a solute concentration of 0.35.

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above x axis it was hypotonic, below the x -axis was hypertonic, and towards the middle it was isotonic
solute concentration of potatoes cell, 0.35 m
water will go to where there is more solute and less water making it hypotonic.

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Research Question -
How does solute concentration affect the movement of H20 across the membrane in potato cells?
What is the solute concentration of a potato cell?

Hypothesis -
The lower the solute concentration, the heavier the mass of the potatoes will be.
The solute concentration is going to be equal to the isotonic solution.

Set-Up

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Final Class Data

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Amount of Light vs. PERCENT CHANGE IN CO2

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Essential Question
How does light affect the net primary productivity?

Hypothesis
The more the light, the more primary productivity (photosynthesis) there is.

Pre-Lab Setup
- CO2 measurer
- Spinach
- Light Source
-Mesh
- Tin Foil

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Light makes the net primary productivity increase in spinach. This can be seen with our Class Data. In the high, or max light the CO2 levels went down 80%, but with low light, the CO2 levels went up 40%. The reason for this is because with optimal light the spinach could photosynthesize and take in the CO2 because it has a reliable light source, making the CO2 levels go down. The equation for photosynthesis is when a plant takes in carbon dioxide and water, then after it releases sugar and oxygen. So if photosynthesis is not happening the carbon dioxide levels would increase, because it wouldn't be taken in by the plant. If photosynthesis was happening the carbon dioxide levels would go down because it would be taken in by the plant, and cell respiration isn't happening as much as photosynthesis is. This shows that the primary productivity is at a high when the CO2 levels go down. When the spinach doesn't have any light, the CO2 levels go up. Cell respiration also plays a factor in NPP. Cell respiration releases CO2 out into the environment. So when photosynthesis wasn't happening, the CO2 levels went up because of the carbon is being released into the air, and there is no photosynthesis to take in the excess CO2. To conclude, the more light provided the more primary productivity occurs.

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The best salt concentration for Brine Shrimp to survive and thrive is 2%. When looking at the data, the most hatched eggs were in 2%, with a hatching rate of 0.8571428571. Compared to the other hatching rates which were not as high as the 2% rate. After they hatched only some lived on. The survival rate was highest in the petri dish that has 2% salt concentration. This shows that the amount of brine shrimp that survive and swim the most are the ones in the 2% concentration. This may be because of the similarities of salt concentration as the environment normal shrimp are usually in. Natural Selection would play a part in this because the brine shrimp would not reproduce succesfully making the brine shirmp in 2% salt concentration making it the conctraiton were brine shrimp thrive.

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Brine Shrimp Hypothesis - Pre Lab - Research Question

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Brine Shrimp Hypothesis - Pre Lab - Research Question

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Research Question - What salt concentration do brine shrimp survive in best?

Hypothesis -  Brine Shrimp like the salt concentration of 2.5 best.

Pre-Lab Setup -  To set up out lab we put 23-25 eggs onto a piece of double-sided tape and put that onto a glass slide, and filled the petri dish with five different salt concentrations, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3.

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Pill bugs prefer wet conditions rather than dry conditions. This can be proved when looking at our line graph. Over time, the amount of Pill bugs that were on the dry side decreased drastically, from 5 bugs on average, then to 2.5 bugs on average in 10 minutes, that were  in the dry area. Also in our experiment, the bar graph error bars, do not overlap, confirming that we are 95% sure that pill bugs prefer wet conditions over dry. One reason pill bugs favor wet conditions is because of their gills, which need to be kept moist. The bugs get their moisture from water, but can not be submerged. Their underside is also vulnerable to drying out when in a dry environment, so they thrive in wet conditions, like under rocks and logs.

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Research Question
Do Pill Bugs prefer Wet or Dry conditions?

Hypothesis
I think that the Pill bugs will drift to the wet side of the choice chamber when faced with the option of wet or dry.

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Research Question
How much water is needed for a Mung bean to germinate and grow?

Hypothesis
From my previous knowledge of the germination process, I think the beans with the 15 mL will thrive and grow the most.

Set Up

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15 mL- 20 mL of water is needed for a seed to germinate and grow successfully. This can be supported by our data which we collected over four days. After those four days, we concluded that the beans that received 15 mL of water flourished the most, compared to the beans that only received 5 mL of water, seeing that they grew to only be on average 6.533333333 cm. When looking at what is needed for a plant to grow, the most important variables are the amount of sun, water, and environment. We only changed one of those variables and controlled the amount of water each bean received. Every single bean stayed in the same environment, had the same amount of sunlight, and time to grow, yet the ones with 15 mL of water grew the most, this  comes to show that water does greatly affect the growth of the Mung beans, because without enough water the bean is missing a key variable which is needed for a bean to germinate and grow successfully.