# data[].attributes.body
I am Future Ready, because if you need to read a sign knowing how to read helps you. If you do not now how to read you can not read the sign. At school I learn things that help me do things everyday.

# data[].attributes.headline
How is room G5 Kindergarten Future ready?

# data[].attributes.subject
How is room G5 Kindergarten Future ready?

# data[].attributes.body
I can log on my coputr-Jacob

i like to type on the word doc-Olivia

we have fun on the tablet in my clas-Alexis

I mad a holiday buncee-Gainnah

I mak projecs with my handz-Kailey

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.body
Through the school year,we have learn about many subjects. I learned different things in classes such as Music, Art, Computer, Social studies,Language Arts,world language, and last but certainly not least math.I have learned what I consider one of the most important lessons  is The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. If in the future I was to become a lawyer, or even a judge I would remember about these rights that are equally applied for all humans.Even if I don't get this important job responsibility I still have to keep this in mind.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights: What are Human Rights? : Youth For Human Rights Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Simplified Version and Full Text of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights. Learn Where Universal Rights Begin, Written By Eleanor Roosevelt, Chair Of The United Nations Commission That Wrote The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights In 1948.

# data[].attributes.headline
As a resource teacher I aim to create independent learners. My experience has taught me that, "Future Ready" readers are cultivated in an environment where the tools they are given to learn suit their individual learning needs. Creating a solid foundation in all literacy based skills are a requirement for students in the early years, as well as in adulthood. 

# data[].attributes.subject
As a resource teacher I aim to create independent learners. My experience has taught me that, "Future Ready" readers are cultivated in an environment where the tools they are given to learn suit their individual learning needs. Creating a solid foundation in all literacy based skills are a requirement for students in the early years, as well as in adulthood. 

# data[].attributes.body
The reason why I am future ready is, because in life you always gotta be ready, no matter what gender. I have learned many things that can really prepared for the future. for example, Mrs Abreu taught me how to multiply fractions, in life numbers are going to be all around you as you go. This school has taught me a lot about life. life is nothing you should play around with. It's something you gotta use wisely, but many people might think that life is a game. Life isn't something you should risk, its something that you, and only you should take seriously. In conclusion, this is why I think i am ready for the future.

# data[].attributes.headline
I am future ready, because I know what bad and good things that will happen in my life. I already know what I wanna be when I grow up, because I am allowed to learn about it at school. I really don't wanna grow up, but nothing can stop that, so I should probably be prepared.

# data[].attributes.subject
I am future ready, because I know what bad and good things that will happen in my life. I already know what I wanna be when I grow up, because I am allowed to learn about it at school. I really don't wanna grow up, but nothing can stop that, so I should probably be prepared.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Networks for Training and Development, Inc.

# data[].attributes.body
During this new year we have learned many new things. For example in math we learned how to handle money just like decimals. Another example is Esperanza Rising, In the book we have learned how back then human rights weren't all equal. How we should stand up for what we think is right and should be patience so good things could happen or appear. I've learned life isn't a joke, when I get older bad and good things are going to happen but I have learned to deal with it because that's part of life. I have learned most things I won't be able to go to someone and ask for help. I have to deal with it myself and find some way to do it. Life feels and seems long but its really short. In D.A.R.E I've learned one thing I do could ruin my entire life or just part of my life. Like doing drugs or drinking alcohol, I could get addicted and lose everytng in life. That's why I think that I am future ready.

# data[].attributes.body
At Albio Sires Elementary School/PS 4, blended learning and technology integration supports and balances the 4 C’s (creativity, communication, collaboration, and critical thinking) which are necessary skills for the 21st century. Students are empowered to successfully participate in today’s global society, reflect their individuality and passions, and become lifelong learners. The district’s S.T.E.A.M. initiative encompasses all of our learners and applying S.T.E.A.M. concepts expands to our Extended Day activities as well. Our students are digital citizens who learn to create and construct with digital tools which are utilized in a meaningful and organized manner to solve problems. Through our Global Connections program, students Skype to connect with others outside the 4 walls of the classroom. We also go beyond the classroom participating in learning expeditions in real-time and travel anywhere with virtual field trips. By participating in the Future Ready Silver certification endeavor, Albio Sires Elementary School/PS 4 is showcasing our super students and future leaders. #RamsReady4TheFuture #Charging Ahead

# data[].attributes.body
This month we are learning about the rain forest. In rain forest there are many animals that you can see. Some animals you can see and some you can't, because some live in the trees.These animals are becoming endangered, because of people destroying their habitats, and because of global warming. We are writing an essay that explains how we can help the animals and doing a project so we can finish.These skills will help me in the future,

# data[].attributes.headline
I'm future ready because I know what bad and good thing that will happen in my life.I already know what I wanna be when I grow up.I really don't wanna grow up but nothing can stop that.This year I have learned more things.Like in math class  I leaned how to multiply and divide fractions with different dividend its not hard at all but Sometimes some questions are hard. still in the future I might go to the wrong and right road and make good or bad decision But in the end everything will be solved or not. Life is a like a video game you keep going or keep trying till you get it right.What i'm trying to say is never give up and get ready for your future

# data[].attributes.subject
I'm future ready because I know what bad and good thing that will happen in my life.I already know what I wanna be when I grow up.I really don't wanna grow up but nothing can stop that.This year I have learned more things.Like in math class  I leaned how to multiply and divide fractions with different dividend its not hard at all but Sometimes some questions are hard. still in the future I might go to the wrong and right road and make good or bad decision But in the end everything will be solved or not. Life is a like a video game you keep going or keep trying till you get it right.What i'm trying to say is never give up and get ready for your future

# data[].attributes.body
This year I have  learned many things, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is human rights.  I think that this would help me in the future because it is very important to know the human rights.  We should be following  the human rights, because it is very important. We have also learned many things of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, for example.  "Esperanza Rising", Esperanza and Miguel were going to the market, and then Esperanza asked, why don`t we go to a closer market.  Miguel said that not all markets would welcome us as good because we are from different places. https://padlet.com/NPELibrarian/esperanzalange

# data[].attributes.headline
I am future ready, because in my class this year one of the first things I learned was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. I think this will help me in the future because the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a document of my human rights. This document tells me what I am allowed to do and what can 

# data[].attributes.subject
I am future ready, because in my class this year one of the first things I learned was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. I think this will help me in the future because the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a document of my human rights. This document tells me what I am allowed to do and what can 

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Claude Welch, SUNY Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science, talks about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ratified by the United Nations General Assembly nearly 70 years ago. An internationally renowned expert in human rights, Welch wrote an essay on the topic for the U.S. State Department that was published in French, Russian, Farsi and other languages, and distributed internationally.
Why does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) matter?

CW: The UDHR is among the most important documents of the 20th century. It has been translated into 337 different languages. It has become a touchstone for actions by governments, individuals, and nongovernmental groups. It has been ratified by every country in the world. Practically no other international instrument can claim this honor. In short, the UDHR has acquired a moral and political significance matched by few documents.

It provides both a guide to present action and an evolving set of ideas for future implementation at the national level. Increasingly, the UDHR's principles have been embodied in what states do and it serves as the foundation for the International Bill of Rights and several other crucial human rights agreements. And, not least, the UDHR has proven a remarkably flexible foundation for a continued broadening and deepening of the very concept of human rights. How many treaties can claim such honors?

How did the UDHR come into being?

CW: Every country in the world had been touched directly or indirectly by World War II. Seventy million people perished. Planning for a future international organization to succeed the League of Nations started during the war. In the spring of 1945, 50 governments and hundreds of nongovernmental organizations met in San Francisco. The states hammered out the "constitution" of a new United Nations.

The preamble to the U.N. Charter includes these famous words: "We the peoples of the United Nations determined ... to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small ..."

The U.N. Charter called for a commission on human rights, which was chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt. With the help of the U.N.'s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the new Commission on Human Rights studied how different cultures, nations and philosophers viewed human rights.

In September 1948, the commission sent its draft to the U.N. General Assembly. Lengthy debates clarified the draft language and built increasing consensus. Discussion and approval took two full years, including 81 meetings, 168 amendments to the draft text and nearly 1,400 votes. The climax came on Dec. 10, 1948, when the General Assembly adopted the UDHR without a single dissenting vote, although eight states abstained.

What does the UDHR say?

CW: The UDHR sets forth a number of objectives - some to be achieved immediately, others as rapidly as feasible. The UDHR also provided the foundation for a series of other international agreements, both global and regional. Finally, the UDHR inspired people around the world to claim their rights, not simply accept the diktat of others.

The UDHR provides "a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations." Every "individual and every organ of society" shall promote "respect for these rights and freedoms ... by progressive measures ..." The goal was "to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance."

Underlying the entire declaration is a basic value, as stated in Article 1: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights." This assertion ran in the face of centuries of practice and widespread beliefs. The UDHR could not, by itself, reverse or transform popular attitudes. Nonetheless, it pointed in a crucial direction.

Perhaps most important, the clarity and directness of its language inspired millions. An increasing number of translations and conscious efforts to spread the UDHR's message popularized its principles. Men and women everywhere recognized that they enjoyed rights that no government should take away.

Drafters of the UDHR consciously drew upon several legal and philosophical traditions. Many of its 30 articles deal with civil and political rights, which protect individuals from government and from state-condoned private abuses. Others discuss freedoms common to each individual, such as the right to free expression. Still others set forth economic, social and cultural rights, such as access to education and the right to work.

What are some of the results of the UDHR?

CW: Several major treaties, ratified by more than 100 countries, trace their origins to the UDHR. They include, in chronological order:

The International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (1965).

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966).

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979).

The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984).

The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989).

When a country ratifies an international agreement, it assumes a legal obligation. Citizens of states signing on to the UDHR and its progeny thus possess rights they may not have fully enjoyed earlier because their government has acknowledged and pledged to respect those rights. Signatories to many human rights treaties must prepare and submit regular reports on their citizens' freedoms. All these reports go to U.N. specialists who study them carefully and recommend where changes are needed.

Citizens groups increasingly provide their own reports, with additional details. Thus, one of the hopes of the drafters of the UDHR has been increasingly met: People have a voice in their own destiny.

Still other international agreements have stemmed from the UDHR:

Prosecution of indicted war criminals by the International Criminal Court, functioning as of 2002.

The "responsibility to protect," as approved by the General Assembly in 2005, which places a moral obligation on countries to help states wracked by widespread disturbances or civil wars.

An August 2006 agreement on a draft convention on the rights of the disabled.

Adoption of a Universal Declaration of Indigenous Rights by the U.N. in September 2007.

Reducing or eliminating the death penalty in much of Europe and elsewhere.

Giving more attention to how transnational corporations affect human rights where they operate.

These developments required significant discussion. Nearly 20 years passed between adoption of the UDHR and the "entry into force" - full acceptance into international law - of the two international covenants described above. Twenty-five years of discussion preceded general assembly acceptance of the Universal Declaration of Indigenous Rights. On the other hand, agreement about establishing the International Criminal Court came within four years and the convention on children's rights in less than a year. The picture is thus mixed.

What steps lie ahead?

CW: For six decades, the UDHR has proven its durability. Yet debates remain.

Cultural distinctiveness continues to arouse discussion about universality - the "u" in UDHR. Although the declaration's principles have been reaffirmed time after time, some assert that cultures or regions differ so much that no real global standards can exist.

A second area of controversy swirls around the rights of persons belonging to ethnic groups and national minorities. As individuals, they cannot be discriminated against because of their backgrounds. However, long-term economic or political disadvantages, deeply engrained social attitudes, and the like against the groups to which they belong raise profound questions. Do groups per se have rights?

Additional uncertainty exists with respect to internally displaced persons. They are individuals who cannot live in their usual homes because of conflict, but have not crossed an international border. Internally displaced persons (known as IDPs) confront horrendous, dangerous living conditions. They also exist in a legal no-man's-land. Had they left their own countries, they would have enjoyed international legal protection. Having remained at home or near home, they continue to be liable to many problems.

A fourth area of controversy centers on how best to settle large-scale civil conflicts. Should the international community intervene for humanitarian reasons? Should peace and reconciliation committees or similar groups be set up to establish the "truth"? Should negotiations be encouraged between opposing groups by promising amnesty to those accused of war crimes? Or would justice be served better by trying to arrest and try them in the International Criminal Court? How far do the obligations of the "right to protect" extend? Who should take responsibility for any coercive intervention?

Still another area of concern involves apologies and reparations for previous human rights injustices. Earlier violence against large numbers of people of other nationalities can - and does - sour relations between and among governments and their populations. Hence, this whole area is fraught with political difficulties, irrespective of its importance for human rights generally.

Truth commissions and truth and reconciliation groups provide an additional dimension, showing the evolution and growth of human rights. They investigate previous abuses. Their establishment suggests that previous "human wrongs" cannot be hidden forever.

Serious economic issues undercut how much - and indeed whether - individuals can enjoy full human rights. If human rights "begin with breakfast," persons must have reasonable chances for employment and schooling. They must be able to break out of the trap of poverty and avoid the debilitating impact of malnutrition and endemic disease. The UDHR speaks about these concerns in general terms. However, serious problems remain in light of economic inequalities within and between nations. Wasteful or corrupt practices by government officials reduce what is available for other needs.

Finally, and in many ways most significant, the UDHR cannot be enforced by "traditional" means of coercion. The U.N. has no armed forces of its own, but must obtain parts of other states' militaries for help. The U.N. agencies directly concerned with human rights, such as the Geneva-based Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, receive little funding.

Looking back to 1948, however, progress has been remarkable. A visionary document has become a living reality. The UDHR should be celebrated for its firm foundation and flexible structure.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Claude Welch, SUNY Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science, talks about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ratified by the United Nations General Assembly nearly 70 years ago. An internationally renowned expert in human rights, Welch wrote an essay on the topic for the U.S.

# data[].attributes.body
We are future ready because at the beginning of the school year we learned about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.This will help me in the future because it will teach me the human rights i should have and the rights i should not have

# data[].attributes.body
I am Future Ready, because this year we talked about the UDHR or Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The UDHR talks about people's Rights. Before woman didn't have rights like men had.Woman couldn't have own a house without a man or husband.woman and men were treated differently.
Another project we did was Comic Con were we got to work together and learn about each others intere

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Elizabeth Cady Stanton--one of the Seneca Falls convention leaders--reminisced, "We were but a handful..." recalling the supporters of woman suffrage at the convention, where the right to vote was their most radical demand. Between this first convention advocating the rights of women and the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing women's right to vote in 1920 lay a long and arduous journey. Victory was never assured until the final moments. In the intervening years, the drive for women's voting rights encompassed the lives of several generations of women. Suffrage supporters survived a series of dramatic transformations in their movement that included: fifty years of educating the public to establish the legitimacy of woman suffrage; approximately twenty years of direct lobbying as well as dramatic militant action to press their claim to the vote; the division of each generation into moderate and radical camps; and the creation of a distinct female political culture and imagery to promote "votes for women."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Elizabeth Cady Stanton--one of the Seneca Falls convention leaders--reminisced, "We were but a handful..." recalling the supporters of woman suffrage at the convention, where the right to vote was their most radical demand. Between this first convention advocating the rights of women and the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing women's right to vote in 1920 lay a long and arduous journey.

# data[].attributes.body
This year I learned how to read various informational texts, such as articles, interviews, and I learned what a documentary is. In the future this is a skill I will need, because I will need to know how to read a variety of different informational texts so that I know what is going on in the world around me. For example, being able to read and understand these texts has allowed me to learn about the rain forest. Many animals in the rain forest are endangered, because of many different reasons. For example, jaguars are an endangered species of animal that lives in the rain forest. They are endangered, because of urbanization and  poaching.
Urbanization is the process through which trees are knocked down to be replaced with housing. This process is taking away the homes of many jaguars, thus killing them.
Another problem the jaguar is facing is it being killed by poachers. Poachers do this for the jaguar fur that the animal has. Some people believe that the Jaguars are animals for them. The animals are endangered due to this and we as humans must stop this, because our future depends on it saving these rain forests and these anima

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Take a look at all the animals we have saved at KSTR. Click here to learn more about them.

# data[].attributes.body
I am future ready because I learned that the world has many surprises, like how their culture is different than the ones we live on and the language is different from our language and languages all over the world.

# data[].attributes.body
We are Future Ready, because in this year we have learned a lot like the UDHR *universal declaration of human right* this changed everything, because a long time ago women didn't have rights like men, an example is from the book Esperanza Rising. This book helps readers understand that not a long time ago women couldn't own a house, because the laws back then were different then the laws we have now.I also learned in these 7 month that book that we read helped me understand more about how much pain and depression you can get when you  lose someone in your family. Reading Esperanza Rising made me thankful for what I have.

# data[].attributes.body
did you know the rain forests are very important?. Rain forest play a invaluable in sustaining life, but every year, large portions of them are cut down for logging, mining, and cattle ranches. also

# data[].attributes.body
in these 6-7 months we have learned about the UDHR *universal declaration of human rights*. the future depends in our rights becuase if you don't have human rights it's like not having manners. We all have rights to everything it's just that some people make other people not have them. I feel if we have the right right now the future will let us have it later on in the future. It's important to know that everyone has the right to do everything.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
OHCHR | Universal Declaration of Human Rights Main

# data[].attributes.body
This year was super fun, because we did a lot of projects for example at the beginning of the year we learn about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Declaration of human rights gives everyone the rights to do what they want to do, but they have to follow the laws. The laws are supposed to be follow by everyone and no matter who is it. When I grow up I wich I could be a judge, because my parents thought me to follow the laws and I want everyone to follow them.

# data[].attributes.body
In this school year we have studied and went over many topics. For example we have been studying the Tropical and Temperate Rain forests and there problems. In the Temperate rain forest the coastal gray wolf eats salmon from the salmon rivers. During this topic I was able to learn more about wolves and there habitat. Learning more about this topic encourages me to maybe in the future, draw a poster on how the wolfs are being poached for there fur coats. To be honest good drawings sometimes influence people to do things both cons and pros. Another thing was a event that our 5th grade hosted called comic con. In this event we did the history of comics, super heroes , robotics, a panel , etc.This event helped students learn more about the art behind history and many other things. All of the differ areas we have studied makes me believe that we are future ready!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Comstock Images/Comstock/Getty Images

Red wolves, distinguished by their reddish fur, are an endangered species of the temperate deciduous forests in the southeastern U.S. Traditionally, they were top predators who helped balance the forest ecosystem by keeping other animal populations in check. Despite restoration efforts, red wolves' fate still hangs in the balance today, threatened mainly by human activity and interbreeding with coyotes.

Role of the Red Wolf

Red wolves play an important role in the temperate deciduous ecosystem. They prey on nuisance animals, like rabbits, deer and small rodents, that cause damage to crops, levees, roads and farm equipment. If nuisance animals are not kept in check by predators, they may in turn deplete levels of their own prey, such as birds and turtles. So a healthy red wolf population helps to keep the entire food chain in balance.

1871-1962

Scientific interest in the red wolf began in 1871 when scientist William Bartram observed them in the forests of the southeastern U.S. For nearly a century, scientists kept tabs on red wolf populations by imitating their howls to encourage them to respond, as well as studying their tracks. By 1962, red wolf sightings in the wild had become extremely rare. They didn't answer researchers' howls as they had in the past, and their tracks seemed to have disappeared. Until that point, the wolves had been thought of as top predators. By the '60s, habitat destruction and aggressive efforts to control their population during the first half of the century had wiped out significant numbers of red wolves. The numbers dipped even further as the wolves bred with coyotes, gradually losing their genetic identity in the process.

Author

Elizabeth Pace began writing professionally for Demand Studios in 2010. She plans to use her experience in research based writing to write fact sheet, how to and about articles for eHow. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from Springhill College in Mobile, Alabama. She graduated "summa cum laude" and received the Edward Day Stewart award for highest GPA in her field.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Endangered Red Wolves in the Temperate Deciduous Forest

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Red wolves, distinguished by their reddish fur, are an endangered species of the temperate deciduous forests in the southeastern U.S. Traditionally, they were top predators who helped balance the forest ecosystem by keeping other animal populations in check. Despite restoration efforts, red wolves' fate still ...

# data[].attributes.body
In the past months we have been learning about diffrent topics that will help us in the future to become better people. In school we have been learning about the UDHR, this helps us in our future because it can help us tell if other people dont have  the right to treat us a certain way. We also learned about the rainforest and how it affects us and all the animals that are in  the animal that is being harmed food chain. This helps us so we don't throw things that could harm the animals in the ocean, or on land.

# data[].attributes.body
This year I learned about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These rights were important for me to learn, because one day I may be a lawyer and maybe I can make these rights laws.

# data[].attributes.body
This school year and last year, I learned fun stuffs in my class. Like are class did Comic Con. This event shows everyone that we are all super heroes. It tells us what will do that is helpful to the future. Schools  helps us have a better future. We have specials cause these classes teaches us type of skills. Like Art, Spanish, music, computers, and gym. And sometimes library. Thanks to all of are teachers that teaches us amazing things!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What Does a Future Ready School Look Like?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Spread the loveAs schools begin discussing the idea of becoming future ready, they must begin by identifying what a future ready school looks like. After finding what it means to be future ready, then the school can begin to implement change.

# data[].attributes.body
During the year, the fifth grade did the most educational and important lesson we need to learn. The lesson was an article called the ''Universal Declaration of Human Right" or the"UDHR". This teaches me a lot because

# data[].attributes.body
I am ready for the future, because we learned many things in each classroom like in  language Arts I learn about Esperanza Rising, Comic Con, UDHR, and the rain forest. In Esperanza Rising I learn to not be rude to poor people, because in Esperanza Rising Esperanza was rich then became poor, but before she was mean to poor people but her mom taught her a lesson. In the UDHR it taught me about what happen back in the days.
When I learned about the rain forest it helps me know more about the animals in the rain forest that are endangered of  extinction. When I am older I might be a  biology or  ecology and this might help me because I might remember what my teacher taught me and then I will use that information. But the rain forest and of course we have Comic Cons, Comic Cons is about anime but we did superheros and anime.We use the cafeteria and did so many things there like had projects.My classmates and I dress up as a superhero or a  anime character. This made us show our passion for what we love to do when we are at home. This is why I am future ready!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Do you think of tropical forests as faraway places that have nothing to do with your daily life? Think again. You rely on forests more than you know.

If you live in the industrialized global North-spending your days at an office desk, perhaps, or running around suburbs or cities, your trusty iPhone never more than a few inches away-you could be forgiven for thinking tropical forests have little do with your daily life (other than providing fodder for vacation daydreams, of course). After all, tropical forests are home to howler monkeys, armadillos, and sloths. What could they possibly have to do with you?

Plenty, as a matter of fact. For starters, they provide vital services, like stabilizing climate and absorbing carbon dioxide. But they also offer a vast array of products that many of us use on a daily basis.

In short, we rely on tropical forests to live, and that's just one reason the Rainforest Alliance works so hard to protect them. While our organization has branched out (pun intended) since its founding 30 years ago to protect temperate forests (such as those in the Appalachian mountains), and tropical forests in Africa and Asia, our first efforts were focused on the rainforests of Latin America, working with farmers and foresters there to improve their lives and livelihoods so they wouldn't have to clear trees to plant crops or sell timber. We pioneered the use of market forces to create sustainable forest economies to lift people out of poverty, because we understood that those who depend on the forest are the most invested in protecting it.

Consumer choices directly affect the farmers and foresters who are working sustainably on our behalf-so it's important to know which products and services come from forests so you can shop responsibly. Although some of us, sadly, may never step foot in one of the dreamy, mist-enshrouded forests like Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve or Ecuador's Yasuní National Park, we are inextricably connected to the forests and the people who live there.

Not convinced? See our list below.

Food

The world's most popular fruit, the banana, comes from the rainforest. Once notorious for worker and environmental abuses, the banana industry has changed its ways, thanks in large part to the Rainforest Alliance's pioneering work in Central America. Other staples that come from rainforests include citrus, cassava, and avocado, as well as cashews, Brazil nuts, and ubiquitous spices like vanilla and sugar. Then there are a few foods that many of us consider life-giving- coffee, tea, and cocoa -and yes, they come from tropical forests, too.

If we are not careful, however, our appetites for these products could destroy the source from which they come. Agriculture is responsible for more than 70 percent of deforestation in the tropics, but there are ways to farm that don't destroy forests, and the Rainforest Alliance shares these Earth-friendly and climate-smart methods with farmers and foresters around the globe.

Medicine

Many of the Western medicines that we use today are derived from plants found in tropical forests. Medications to treat or cure inflammation, rheumatism, diabetes, muscle tension, surgical complications, malaria, heart conditions, skin diseases, arthritis, glaucoma, and hundreds of other maladies, come from forest plants.

Shelter

Tropical forests yield some of the most beautiful and valuable woods in the world, such as teak, mahogany, rosewood, balsa, sandalwood, and countless lesser-known species. These woods surround us at home and in offices in the form of furniture, cabinets, paneling, and more. But only recently has the industrialized world realized the limits to timber extraction. Just like agriculture, logging can either nurture or destroy an ecosystem. It is up to us to support environmentally responsible logging and promote smarter wood production and consumption around the world.

Other forest products show up in your home and office, too. Tropical forest fibers are found in rugs, mattresses, ropes, strings, and fabrics.

Cleaning, cosmetics, and more

Tropical forest oils, gums, and resins are used in insecticides, rubber products, fuel, paint, varnish, and wood finishing products. And tropical oils are key ingredients in cosmetics, soaps, shampoos, perfumes, disinfectants and detergents.

Climate Control

Perhaps one of the greatest gifts forests bestow upon us is their capacity for absorbing the monstrous amount of greenhouse gas emissions we humans generate. They are one of the world's primary carbon reservoirs, absorbing carbon dioxide from the air, storing it, and generating oxygen. Forests are vital to the hydrologic cycle (rain and water systems), and they maintain some of the world's most fragile soils. Rainforests also act as the world's thermostat, regulating temperatures and weather patterns.

As we always say: forests are our best defense against climate change. That's why the Rainforest Alliance has spent more than 30 years working to conserve forests and to improve the lives of those who depend upon them. The loss of our forests, together with the way that this cleared land is used after the forest is cleared, contributes to between 9-11 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions each year-almost as much as all the world's trains, planes, and automobiles combined. But by stopping the destruction of mature (old-growth) forests, we prevent a huge amount of carbon from going into the atmosphere, and by promoting Earth-friendly planting and management of young forests, we absorb large amounts of atmospheric carbon.

The Future

A whopping 30 percent of the world's forests has been destroyed, while another 20 percent has been degraded (and most of the rest has been fragmented, leaving only about 15 percent intact). Our world is facing the greatest extinction crisis since the fall of the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago. The future of many of Earth's plants and animals-and hundreds of human cultures-will be determined within the next few decades. Because we are so dependent on the forest's great bounty, we need to act responsibly, be good stewards of the Earth's tropical forests, and do all we can to ensure that forests-and their many gifts-are around for future generations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Do you think of tropical forests as faraway places that have nothing to do with your daily life? Think again. You rely on forests more than you know.

# data[].attributes.body
We are future ready, because of the skills we learned. We have learned how to code  in computer class. That helped me become future ready, because. When I grow up I want to be a game designer.
I could also become an ecologist and study the rain forest. I could also study the rain forest, because I'm learning about the rain forest. I've  learned about the animals that live in the rain forest. I've also learned some animals that are endangered, like the happy face spider, and the three toed sloth. I've learned ways that we could help stop these animals from going extinct. I could be anything in the future, a doctor, a teacher or a video game designer. I just know that I am ready for the future.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
video game design articles on how to become an game designer, Interviews from game designers and game developers

# data[].attributes.body
in these 6-7 months we have learned about the UDHR *universal declaration of human rights*. the future depends in our rights becuase if you don't have human rights it's like not having manners. We all have rights to everything it's just that some people make other people not have them. I feel if we have the right right now the future will let us have it later on in the future. It's important to know that everyone has the right to do everything.

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout the year, I learned many kinds of new topics I have never even heard about. I am excited to receive whatever new experiences that waits for me. Each time, I looked to myself in the mirror I say " I am Future Ready". Something, that got me curious was The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Which is basically, a document that shows us our rights. I am very proud to say that without our Language Arts Teacher Mrs. Rodriguez I wouldn't have gone this far into learning these topics. With,  the best teachers we have in the fifth-grade we are ready for the Future. A few months ago, we hosted Comic Con where we got dressed as superheros or anime. I like it when the whole class does something to make our teachers proud.

# data[].attributes.body
I am future ready, because I learned important things that go on in the world. In the beginning of reading, Ms.Rodriguez showed us the UDHR. The UDHR talked about how people couldn't do things like they can now. People only had a few rights and other people were able to have more rights than others. Men were able to do things that women couldn't do. For example,  in the book of  Esperanza Rising, Mama wasn't able to own a house except for Tio Luis, because he was a man. Another thing we learned is all about the endangered animals in their habitats and how they are going extinct. Ms.Rodriguez wanted us to see what we can do to be more aware of the planet and how we affect it. Also, being able to create some sort of change to help defenseless animals that do not have a voice. Being aware of what goes on in the outside world will help me. I am FUTURE ready!

# data[].attributes.body
Our class is Future Ready because we've been through so many projects and group projects as well as searching for information on our topic. Such as comic con, me and teammates worked on a panel for anime we enjoy watching.More like I like to say a cartoon that is drawing in a curtain way.When we went to Comic Con to present, me and my teammates were nervous.This presentation went well. Most people were interested in the presentation.
As of right now, we are learning about the rain forests around the world and the endangered animals in the forests.One endangered animal is the Inia Geoffrensis or the Amazon River Pink Dolphin.The class is also making diorama based on the rain forest theme.
Our class is Future Ready because we learn math, reading, writing, science, health, and social studies.Most people don't go to school due to the reason that they can't afford to go and many people are grateful for going to school.So basically we are in school so we could be educated and learn things we have never learned before.

# data[].attributes.headline
I already know that I am future ready!!!

# data[].attributes.subject
I already know that I am future ready!!!

# data[].attributes.body
In the beginning of the school year I learned the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (U.D.H.R). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights taught the human rights and why they are important to me when I grow up.I also learned about Esperanza Rising and how the U.D.H.R is related to the 14 chapter book. Righting essays were one of the important lessons to me because every time I made an essay , I try to avoid my mistakes from my last essays. Right now I am learning about rain forests and I'm actually doing good on it especially my project. I feel like all this hard work gets me somewhere,   somewhere that I am ready for, somewhere like the future. I think I deserve to be in the future ,because of my teachers that are making me smart. I hope the future is ready for me, because I could do something famous, so famous that the whole world can know who I am. I can be a movie star or make history in the year 2034 when I am 26 years old. I can be a professional soccer player I can be anything I want to be for the future, I just have to be future ready.

# data[].attributes.headline
I Am Future Ready Because I Know what might come in my future, and I am getting an education that is preparing me for it. 

# data[].attributes.subject
I Am Future Ready Because I Know what might come in my future, and I am getting an education that is preparing me for it. 

# data[].attributes.body
I think I'm future ready ,because I'm understanding about Esperanza Rising. In the beginning of the year we learned about Esperanza rising there are 14 chapters. Esperanza was a 12 year old but turned 13 she was having a bad life. Her dad died and her Tio Luis tried to take over and tried to marry her mama and her abuela was in Mexico while she was in P.A. Close to chapter 12 and 13 her mama got sick by dust and stayed in the hospital for a couple of days. Also in esperanza rising it talks about Rights. In the beginning of September we learned about the UDHR meaning ''Universal Declaration Human Rights''. We learned that woman are not getting the same rights as men.

# data[].attributes.body
I am Future Ready, because this year in my extended day class I learned how to use Google Slides. I also learned facts about my favorite animal. This project taught me  research skills, which I will need in the future.

# data[].attributes.body
I am future because when i go to my house my dad I have learned that there is not only one way for me to do my homework. I can log onto the computer, or I can write it out. As long as I get my work done my friends and I can do it the way we learn.

# data[].attributes.body
I am Future ready, because I am prepared to use the tools I have learned in Math class in the real world. For example, the people in the super markets sometimes don't count the change properly, and give back the wrong amount of change. I learned everything in math class, one day when I get change from the super market or banker, i will always check my change. I am good at math since I was at 1st grade and I am good at drawing, but my drawings are bad, so i don't show it to my friends. When i go to the super market and i buy groceries with my mom, my mom says, "we don't need math skills when we are shopping." What my mom doesn't know is that i know math and my sister doesn't because she is in kindergraden. Even though my life gets worse, my friends will always be there, but sometimes they don't, especaily my best friend. My parents don't appreciate me and that what makes me sad and depressed. The only thing that makes me happy is puppies, special places, my friend Abigail, and drawing. My mom had this in her head, "Is math Important?" Well, Math is important because like my teacher said, "you might not know if math could come back in your future." I feel like that my friends don't care about me and that i am useless. I have heared rumors about me in my class and that makes me so sad.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why Is Math So Important for Kids to Learn? | Livestrong.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Many kids ask their math teacher why learning a particular mathematical concept or skill is important. When helping kids out with their homework, many parents may wonder the same thing. Mark H.

# data[].attributes.body
This year My class and I have learned many things that could help me in the future. What I think will help me in the future is the rain forest project that I am doing. The animal for the project is the happy faced spider. I now this will help me because I know that when I go to college I will have to do research too, so doing all this work now is training me for that. I am also learning a lot on how I can use technology to help me learning in an easier way.The way this will also help me is by learning new things about animals and now that I know these things I could try to help the animals.

# data[].attributes.body
I am future  ready, because I learn many things in Ms. Leon's computer class. I also learned how to great a Google Slide show and create this presentation.

# data[].attributes.body
I am future ready because I learned all about subjects. Third grade is awesome!

# data[].attributes.body
I'm Future Ready, because I'm good at math and that helps me at the grocery store.

# data[].attributes.body
I learned fraction this year that shows l am Future  ready!

# data[].attributes.body
I am future ready because I learn math, and technology.

# data[].attributes.body
The fifth grade students taught us how to make Google Slides. This is important, because learned how to present what I read.

# data[].attributes.headline
Why am I  future ready? I am future ready, because I know division that is my future ready my other one is fractions  those are my two things that are my future ready. My other things are writing  and learn about science,math,writing and health.every one is future ready I have been reading the one and the only Ivan. I am future ready.

# data[].attributes.subject
Why am I  future ready? I am future ready, because I know division that is my future ready my other one is fractions  those are my two things that are my future ready. My other things are writing  and learn about science,math,writing and health.every one is future ready I have been reading the one and the only Ivan. I am future ready.

# data[].attributes.body
I  think I am Future Ready, because I learned a lot about technology

# data[].attributes.body
I am future ready, because this year I learned a lot of cool things in health class. It's important for me to know about my body, because I have to be healthy to stay alive.

# data[].attributes.body
This  year I learned a lot about fractions  and we also learned about multiplication. We all like to work at math. Math is important, because I will need it in the future.

# data[].attributes.body
I think i"m future ready because  if you work in the market you should count how much change you have by using math.

# data[].attributes.body
I have learned many things this year that show me that I am Future Ready. First, I learned how to write in script and how to learn multiplication and division. Also I Ilearned how to use google classroom and google slide.

# data[].attributes.body
I know i am future ready ready because i have learned  what i need for the future.In reading learned how to improve my writing, I learned about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and vocabulary like hyperbole,onomatopoeia,and alliteration. For math we learned more about fractions and decimals.In social studies I learned about Marco Polo, Zhang he, the Colombian exchange, and the Aztecs.I think that this information will help in the future because I could go to those games

# data[].attributes.body
I know I am, "Future Ready" because, I have learned a lot of things. First, I have learned about animals. How animals make me Future Rea

# data[].attributes.body
Everything we learned during the school year is going to be helpful for me in the future. We learned a whole bunch of things including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but the main thing that i thought was very interesting and may have to do with something that could help me be future ready is about the rain forest.My teachers asked us to do an essay about the rain forest, and so i did one.i wrote about how poaching can effect the food chain in the rain forest and this serious thing called Ebola.Ebola is a disease that comes from animal meat such as monkeys and other animals.A specific type of monkey that Ebola comes from is apes.This will prepare for the future because later on when i grow up i want to work in the military and an engineer.what this has to do with being an engineer of working in the military is because they are monkeys in the military and i will most likely also be an engineer for the rain forest and so therefore it is important for me to learn all this information.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Mankind's closest relatives - the world's monkeys, apes and other primates - are disappearing from the face of the Earth, with some literally being eaten into extinction.

The first comprehensive review in five years of the world's 634 kinds of primates found that almost 50 percent are in danger of going extinct, according to the criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Issued at the 22nd International Primatological Society Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland, the report by the world's foremost primate authorities presented a chilling indictment on the state of primates everywhere. In Asia, more than 70 percent of primates are classified on the IUCN Red List as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered - meaning they could disappear forever in the near future.

The main threats are habitat destruction, particularly from the burning and clearing of tropical forests that also emits at least 20 percent of the global greenhouse gases causing climate change, and the hunting of primates for food and an illegal wildlife trade.

"We've raised concerns for years about primates being in peril, but now we have solid data to show the situation is far more severe than we imagined," said Russell A. Mittermeier, president of Conservation International (CI) and the longtime chairman of the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Primate Specialist Group. "Tropical forest destruction has always been the main cause, but now it appears that hunting is just as serious a threat in some areas, even where the habitat is still quite intact. In many places, primates are quite literally being eaten to extinction."

The review funded by CI, the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Disney's Animal Kingdom and the IUCN is part of an unprecedented examination of the state of the world's mammals to be released at the 4th IUCN World Conservation Congress in Barcelona in October.

With the input of hundreds of experts worldwide, the primate review provides scientific data to show the severe threats facing animals that share virtually all DNA with humans. In both Vietnam and Cambodia, approximately 90 percent of primate species are considered at risk of extinction. Populations of gibbons, leaf monkeys, langurs and other species have dwindled due to rampant habitat loss exacerbated by hunting for food and to supply the wildlife trade in traditional Chinese medicine and pets.

"What is happening in Southeast Asia is terrifying," said Jean-Christophe Vié, Deputy Head of the IUCN Species Program. "To have a group of animals under such a high level of threat is, quite frankly, unlike anything we have recorded among any other group of species to date."

Elsewhere, species from tiny mouse lemurs to massive mountain gorillas face challenges to survive. In Africa, 11 of the 13 kinds of red colobus monkeys assessed were listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered. Two may already be extinct: Bouvier's red colobus (Procolobus pennantii bouvieri) has not been seen in 25 years, and no living Miss Waldron's red colobus (Procolobus badius waldroni) has been seen by a primatologist since 1978, despite occasional reports that some still survive.

"Among the African species, the great apes such as gorillas and bonobos have always tended to grab the limelight, and even though they are deeply threatened, it is smaller primates such as the red colobus that could die out first," said IPS President Richard Wrangham.

As our closest relatives, nonhuman primates are important to the health of their surrounding ecosystems. Through the dispersal of seeds and other interactions with their environments, primates help support a wide range of plant and animal life in the world's tropical forests. Healthy forests provide vital resources for local human populations, and also absorb and store carbon dioxide that causes climate change.

Meanwhile, scientists continue to learn more about primates and their role in the world. Since 2000, 53 species of primates previously unknown to science have been described - 40 from Madagascar, two from Africa, three from Asia and eight from Central and South America. In 2007, researchers found a long-rumored population of Critically Endangered greater bamboo lemurs (Prolemur simus) in a wetland 400 kilometers (240 miles) from the only other known home of the species. In total, the species numbers about 140 individuals in the wild.

The IUCN Red List sets a series of criteria for a species to be categorized as threatened. In cases lacking the necessary information, the species can be listed as Data Deficient, which applied to nearly 15 percent of the primates in the new review. Many of those species, particularly newly discovered ones, are expected to eventually be classified as threatened.

Despite the gloomy assessment, conservationists point to a notable success in helping targeted species recover. In Brazil, the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) was downlisted to Endangered from Critically Endangered, as was the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) in 2003, as a result of three decades of conservation efforts involving numerous institutions. Populations of both animals are now well-protected but remain very small, causing an urgent need for reforestation to provide new habitat for their long-term survival.

"If you have forests, you can save primates," said CI scientist Anthony Rylands, the deputy chair of the IUCN Primate Specialist Group. "The work with lion tamarins shows that conserving forest fragments and reforesting to create corridors that connect them is not only vital for primates, but offers the multiple benefits of maintaining healthy ecosystems and water supplies while reducing greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change."

Researchers also considered reclassifying the mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) to Endangered from Critically Endangered due to increasing populations in their only habitat - the protected mountain jungles of Rwanda, Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo. However, the slayings of eight mountain gorillas in 2007 and continuing political turmoil in the region delayed the planned reclassification.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
endangered animals; monkeys; extinction; nature; rainforests; ecology; exotic species; environmental policy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Extinction Threat To Monkeys And Other Primates Due To Habitat Loss, Hunting

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mankind's closest relatives -- the world's monkeys, apes and other primates -- are disappearing from the face of the Earth, with some literally being eaten into extinction. The first comprehensive review in five years of the world's 634 kinds of primates found that almost 50 percent are in danger of going extinct, according to the criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

# data[].attributes.body
What we learned during the whole  year was incredible. We learned about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Esperanza Rising, Comic Con, and rain forests. Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an article where numbers one through thirty facts about human rights are fare for everybody. Esperanza Rising is a novel that explains about a girl named Esperanza who starts her live as a spoiled brat. She then gets into serious problems and her mother ends up almost dieing. Comic Con is a history event that takes place in all kinds of

# data[].attributes.body
There are many reasons why we are Future Ready! This school year I have learned about many new topics that I didn't know much about before such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In the   article it  explains most of the rights that we have. A human right that we have is to have freedom. That means that we have the right to do what we want as long as it isn't a bad thing. We have also learned about rain forests. I know that there are many endangered species that have their habitat in a rain forest. We read a book called Esperanza Rising that showed  unfair situations. Esperanza's father was killed so her mother wanted to buy a house with her money, but she couldn't because she wasn't allowed to. In math class we have learned adding fractions and other things that will help us. In science we learned about DNA. In our DNA we have genes that can determine how we look like. We also learned about most of the fifty states in the United States of America and that there are three branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial). Everything that we have leaned this school year will help us in the future because we are Future Ready!

# data[].attributes.body
I am Future Ready, because this year I learned about the Happy Face spider. The Happy face spider has color patterns on the back of its abdomen, that sometimes resembles a smiling face.  Also, it is an endangered species. Knowing about the Happy Face spider will make me Future Ready by knowing that the Happy face spider is an endangered species, and trying to stop the Happy Face spider from going extinct. Learning how to prevent the Happy Face spider from becoming extinct actually helps me in the future, because this spider is part of a food chain. If that food chain is destroyed, other food chains will be affected. Eventually, if the destruction continues my food chain can be harmed too. Als

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/    From what I have learned is very exciting. There are many of teachers that have been very helpful when well everything. My most favorite subject is language arts.  We have learned is many things like Happy face spider, Esperanza Rising, and The (U.D.H.R) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The (UDHR) is articles that basically talk about people’s rights. We have also learned about the differences (compare and contrast) about documentary, films, and interviews. At the beginng at the school year we were also learning about the two person poem. A two person poem is when two people write a poem then then one speaks then other. Then they both speak.

# data[].attributes.body
We are Future Ready, because we have learned many stuff. One of my  favorite is learning about  Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).At first I didn't get it a lot.  But what actullay helped me understand more the UDHR was a book called Esperanza Rising. This book is about a girl called Esperanza, and her mother going to a hard time because Esperanza's father passed away. I would give and example of an article 17 stats Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. In Esperanza Rising

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
World War II had raged from 1939 to 1945, and as the end drew near, cities throughout Europe and Asia lay in smoldering ruins. Millions of people were dead, millions more were homeless or starving. Russian forces were closing in on the remnants of German resistance in Germany's bombed-out capital of Berlin. In the Pacific, US Marines were still battling entrenched Japanese forces on such islands as Okinawa.

In April 1945, delegates from fifty countries met in San Francisco full of optimism and hope. The goal of the United Nations Conference on International Organization was to fashion an international body to promote peace and prevent future wars. The ideals of the organization were stated in the preamble to its proposed charter: "We the peoples of the United Nations are determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind."

The Charter of the new United Nations organization went into effect on October 24, 1945, a date that is celebrated each year as United Nations Day.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

By 1948, the United Nations' new Human Rights Commission had captured the world's attention. Under the dynamic chairmanship of Eleanor Roosevelt-President Franklin Roosevelt's widow, a human rights champion in her own right and the United States delegate to the UN-the Commission set out to draft the document that became the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Roosevelt, credited with its inspiration, referred to the Declaration as the international Magna Carta for all mankind. It was adopted by the United Nations on December 10, 1948.

In its preamble and in Article 1, the Declaration unequivocally proclaims the inherent rights of all human beings: "Disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people...All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights."

The Member States of the United Nations pledged to work together to promote the thirty Articles of human rights that, for the first time in history, had been assembled and codified into a single document. In consequence, many of these rights, in various forms, are today part of the constitutional laws of democratic nations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights - UDHR, History of Human Rights

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Learn about the history and founding of the United Nations, as well as the draft of its Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in the aftermath of the genocide and abuse found in World War II. Find out about Eleanor Roosevelt's role in writing the act, referring to it as the International Magna Carta.

# data[].attributes.body
In Fifth grade, we learned a lot. For example, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). In the UDHR we learned all about our freedoms and rights.  We also learned about a book called "Esperanza Rising".  In the book we learned all about Esperanza's life in Mexico and in the US. I also think we are future ready because of an event called Comic Con. On this event we got to show our superpower or what we really like. Now, at the moment we are learning about the rain forest. Unfortunately, many animals are going extinct in the rain forest or endangered. For example, many macaws are endangered because many people are ruining the macaws habitat and taking them away from their habitat. After, we learned about all these topics, I'm proud to say that we are future ready!!!!!!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (abbreviated)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Article 1 Right to Equality Article 2 Freedom from Discrimination Article 3 Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security Article 4 Freedom from Slavery Article 5 Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment Article 6 Right to Recognition as a Person before the Law Article 7 Right to Equality before the Law Article 8 Right to Remedy by Competent Tribunal Article 9 Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile Article 10 Right to Fair Public Hearing Article 11 Right to be Considered Innocent until Proven Guilty Article 12 Freedom from Interference with Privacy, Family, Home and Correspondence Article 13 Right to Free Movement in and out of the Country Article 14 Right to Asylum in other Countries from Persecution Article 15 Right to a Nationality and the Freedom to Change It Article 16 Right to Marriage and Family Article 17 Right to Own Property Article 18 Freedom of Belief and Religion Article 19 Freedom of Opinion and Information Article 20 Right of Peaceful Assembly and Association Article 21 Right to Participate in Government and in Free Elections Article 22 Right to Social Security Article 23 Right to Desirable Work and to Join Trade Unions Article 24 Right to Rest and Leisure Article 25 Right to Adequate Living Standard Article 26 Right to Education Article 27 Right to Participate in the Cultural Life of Community Article 28 Right to a Social Order that Articulates this Document Article 29 Community Duties Essential to Free and Full Development Article 30 Freedom from State or Personal Interference in the above Rights

# data[].attributes.body
In this year we learned about the UDHR the UDHR means universal declaration of human rights this is and was important for me because i really learned more information than last year of history of the past.

https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/what-are-human-rights/what-universal-declaration-human-rights

# data[].attributes.body
This year we have learned many different things . One thing i learned this year is my rights as a human being , the one thing that helped me was Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR ) . The (UDHR) are documents of our freedom to protect us when we need it. The book named Esperanza Rising taught me many things, One is that Mama did not have the same rights

# data[].attributes.body
We are future ready because we have learned a lot for the past months. We learned about the UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights). What the UDHR is, is an article that states all the rights  we humans have. For example the first right states that all humans have these rights and no one can take them away from them, unless you don't use them correctly. Learning this helps us get an image of a reference to us, how we will have responsibilities when we grow up (the "FUTURE"). If you still don't understand what the UDHR is, let me make it clearer than it is. Basically, the UDHR is a documentary that was written by a group of people called "Draft Committee." They are the people that wrote this documentary, so you can thank them. This documentary includes all the rights we have and some that protect them. This documentary can help us become human rights activist when we grow up or even a lawyer! And if you ask me, lawyers get paid A LOT! And if you still don't get it
click this down here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings. Drafted by a UN committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was accepted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 during its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the 58 members of the United Nations at the time, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote.

A foundational text in the history of human and civil rights, the Declaration consists of 30 articles detailing an individual's "basic rights and fundamental freedoms" and affirming their universal character as inherent, inalienable, and applicable to all human beings. Adopted as a "common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations", the UDHR commits nations to recognize all humans as being "born free and equal in dignity and rights" regardless of "nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status".

The Declaration is considered a milestone document for its universalist language, which makes no reference to a particular culture, political system, or religion. It directly inspired the development of international human rights law, and was the first step in the formulation of the International Bill of Human Rights, which was completed in 1966 and came into force in 1976. Although not legally binding, the contents of the UDHR have been elaborated and incorporated into subsequent international treaties, regional human rights instruments, and national constitutions and legal codes.

All 193 member states of the United Nations have ratified at least one of the nine binding treaties influenced by the Declaration, with the vast majority ratifying four or more. While there is a wide consensus that the declaration itself is non-binding and not part of customary international law, there is also a consensus that many of its provisions are binding and have passed into customary social law, although courts in some nations have been more restrictive on its legal effect. Nevertheless, the UDHR has influenced legal, political, and social developments on both the global and national levels, with its significance partly evidenced by its 530 translations, the most of any document in history.

The underlying structure of the Universal Declaration was influenced by the Code Napoléon, including a preamble and introductory general principles. Its final structure took form in the second draft prepared by French jurist René Cassin, who worked on the initial draft prepared by Canadian legal scholar John Peters Humphrey.

The Declaration consists of the following:

The preamble sets out the historical and social causes that led to the necessity of drafting the Declaration.

Articles 1-2 establish the basic concepts of dignity, liberty, and equality.

Articles 3-5 establish other individual rights, such as the right to life and the prohibition of slavery and torture.

Articles 6-11 refer to the fundamental legality of human rights with specific remedies cited for their defence when violated.

Articles 12-17 set forth the rights of the individual towards the community, including freedom of movement and residence within each state, the right of property and the right to a nationality.

Articles 18-21 sanction the so-called "constitutional liberties" and spiritual, public, and political freedoms, such as freedom of thought, opinion, expression, religion and conscience, word, peaceful association of the individual, and receiving and imparting information and ideas through any media.

Articles 22-27 sanction an individual's economic, social and cultural rights, including healthcare. It upholds an expansive right to an adequate standard of living, and makes special mention of care given to those in motherhood or childhood.

Articles 28-30 establish the general means of exercising these rights, the areas in which the rights of the individual cannot be applied, the duty of the individual to society, and the prohibition of the use of rights in contravention of the purposes of the United Nations Organization.

Cassin compared the Declaration to the portico of a Greek temple, with a foundation, steps, four columns, and a pediment. Articles 1 and 2-with their principles of dignity, liberty, equality and brotherhood-served as the foundation blocks. The seven paragraphs of the preamble, setting out the reasons for the Declaration, represent the steps leading up to the temple. The main body of the Declaration forms the four columns. The first column (articles 3-11) constitutes rights of the individual, such as the right to life and the prohibition of slavery. The second column (articles 12-17) constitutes the rights of the individual in civil and political society. The third column (articles 18-21) is concerned with spiritual, public, and political freedoms, such as freedom of religion and freedom of association. The fourth column (articles 22-27) sets out social, economic, and cultural rights. Finally, the last three articles provide the pediment which binds the structure together, as they emphasize the mutual duties of every individual to one another and to society.

During World War II, the Allies-known formally as the United Nations-adopted as their basic war aims the Four Freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from fear, and freedom from want. Towards the end of the war, the United Nations Charter was debated, drafted, and ratified to reaffirm "faith in fundamental human rights, and dignity and worth of the human person" and commit all member states to promote "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion". When the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany became fully apparent after the war, the consensus within the world community was that the UN Charter did not sufficiently define the rights to which it referred. It was deemed necessary to create a universal declaration that specified the rights of individuals so as to give effect to the Charter's provisions on human rights.

In June 1946, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)- a principal organ of the newly founded United Nations that is responsible for promoting human rights, created the Commission on Human Rights (CHR)- a standing body within the United Nations that was tasked with preparing what was initially conceived as an International Bill of Rights. It had 18 members from various national, religious, and political backgrounds, so as to be representative of humanity. In February 1947, the Commission established a special Universal Declaration of Human Rights Drafting Committee, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States, to write the articles of the Declaration. Roosevelt, in her position, was key to the U.S. effort to encourage the General Assembly's adoption of a Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Committee met in two sessions over the course of two years.

Canadian John Peters Humphrey, the newly appointed Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat, was called upon by the UN Secretary-General to work on the project, becoming the Declaration's principal drafter. Other prominent members of the Drafting Committee included Vice-Chairman P.C. Chang of the Republic of China, René Cassin of France; and its Committee Rapporteur Charles Malik of Lebanon. A month after its creation, the Drafting Committee was expanded to include representatives of Australia, Chile, France, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom, in addition to the inaugural members from China, France, Lebanon, and the United States.

Humphrey is credited with devising the "blueprint" for the Declaration, while Cassin composed the first draft. Both received considerable input from other members, each of whom reflected different professional and ideological backgrounds. The Declaration's pro-family phrases allegedly derived from Cassin and Malik, who were influenced by the Christian Democracy movement; Malik, a Christian theologian, was known for appealing across religious lines, and cited the Summa Theologica, and studied the different Christian sects. Chang urged removing all references to religion to make the document more universal, and used aspects of Confucianism to settle stalemates in negotiations. Hernán Santa Cruz of Chile, an educator and judge, strongly supported the inclusion of socioeconomic rights, which had been opposed by some Western nations. The members agreed that the philosophical debate centered between the opposing opinions of Chang and Malik, with Malik later singling out Chang when thanking the members, saying that there were too many to mention, but Chang's ideas impacted his own opinions in the making of the draft.

In her memoirs, Roosevelt commented on the debates and discussions that informed the UDHR, describing one such exchange during the Drafting Committee's first session in June 1947:

Dr. Chang was a pluralist and held forth in charming fashion on the proposition that there is more than one kind of ultimate reality. The Declaration, he said, should reflect more than simply Western ideas and Dr. Humphrey would have to be eclectic in his approach. His remark, though addressed to Dr. Humphrey, was really directed at Dr. Malik, from whom it drew a prompt retort as he expounded at some length the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas. Dr. Humphrey joined enthusiastically in the discussion, and I remember that at one point Dr. Chang suggested that the Secretariat might well spend a few months studying the fundamentals of Confucianism!

In May 1948, roughly a year after its creation, the Drafting Committee held its second and final session, where it considered the comments and suggestions of member states and international bodies, principally the United Nations Conference on Freedom of Information, which took place the prior March and April; the Commission on the Status of Women, a body within ECOSOC that reported on the state of women's rights worldwide; and the Ninth International Conference of American States, held in Bogota, Colombia from March to May of 1948, which adopted the South American-based American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, the world's first general international human rights instrument. Delegates and consultants from several United Nations bodies, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations also attended and submitted suggestions. It was also hoped that an International Bill of Human Rights with legal force could be drafted and submitted for adoption alongside the Declaration.

Upon the session's conclusion on 21 May 1948, the Committee submitted to the Commission on Human Rights a redrafted text of the "International Declaration of Human Rights" and the "International Covenant of Human Rights", which together would form an International Bill of Rights. The redrafted Declaration was further examined and discussed by the Commission on Human Rights in its third session in Geneva 21 May through 18 June 1948. The so-called "Geneva text" was circulated among member states and subject to several proposed amendments; for example, Hansa Mehta of India notably suggested that the Declaration assert that "all human beings are created equal", instead of "all men are created equal", to better reflect gender equality. Charles Theodore Te Water of South Africa fought very hard to have the word dignity removed from the declaration, saying that "dignity had no universal standard and that it was not a 'right'". Te Water believed correctly as it turned out that listing human dignity as a universal human right would lead to criticism of the apartheid system that had just been introduced by the new National Party government of South Africa. Malik in response stated it was Prime Minister Jan Smuts of South Africa who had played an important role in drafting the United Nations Charter in 1945 and it was Smuts who inserted the word dignity as a universal human right into the charter. Despite te Water's efforts, the word dignity was included in the declaration as a universal human right.

With a vote of 12 in favour, none opposed, and four abstaining, the CHR approved the proposed Declaration, though was unable to examine the contents and implementation of the proposed Covenant. The Commission forwarded the approved text of the Declaration, as well as the Covenant, to the Economic and Social Council for its review and approval during its seventh session in July and August 1948. The Council adopted Resolution 151(VII) of 26 August 1948, transmitting the draft International Declaration of Human Rights to the UN General Assembly.

The Third Committee of the General Assembly, which convened from 30 September to 7 December 1948 during the third session of the United Nations General Assembly, held 81 meetings concerning the draft Declaration, including debating and resolving 168 proposals for amendments by United Nations member states. On its 178th meeting on 6 December, the Third Committee adopted the Declaration with 29 votes in favour, none opposed and seven abstentions. The document was subsequently submitted to the wider General Assembly for its consideration on 9 and 10 December 1948.

The Universal Declaration was adopted by the General Assembly as UN Resolution A/RES/217(III)[A] on 10 December 1948 in Palais de Chaillot, Paris. Of the 58 United Nations members at the time, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstained, and Honduras and Yemen failed to vote or abstain.

Eleanor Roosevelt is credited with having been instrumental in mustering support for the Declaration's adoption, both in her native U.S. and across the world, owing to her ability to appeal to different and often opposing political blocs.

The meeting record provides firsthand insight into the debate on the Declaration's adoption. South Africa's position can be seen as an attempt to protect its system of apartheid, which clearly violated several articles in the Declaration. Saudi Arabia's abstention was prompted primarily by two of the Declaration's articles: Article 18, which states that everyone has the right "to change his religion or belief", and Article 16, on equal marriage rights. The abstentions by the six communist nations were explained by their claim that the Declaration did not go far enough in condemning fascism and national-socialism. Although, Eleanor Roosevelt felt that the reason for the abstentions was Article 13, which provided the right of citizens to leave their countries. Other observers pin the Soviet bloc's opposition to the Declaration's " negative rights", such as provisions calling on governments not to violate certain civil and political rights.

The British delegation, while voting in favour of the Declaration, expressed frustration that the proposed document had moral obligations but lacked legal force; it would not be until 1976 that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights came into force, giving a legal status to most of the Declaration.

Voting in the plenary session:
Green countries: voted in favour;
Orange countries: abstained;
Black countries: failed to abstain or vote;
Grey countries: were not part of the UN at time of voting

The 48 countries that voted in favour of the Declaration are:

a. ^ Despite the central role played by the Canadian John Peters Humphrey, the Canadian Government at first abstained from voting on the Declaration's draft, but later voted in favour of the final draft in the General Assembly.

Eight countries abstained:

Two countries did not vote:

The majority of current UN member states gained sovereignty and joined the organization later, which accounts for the relatively small number of states entitled to the historical vote.

Former-Foreign Office Minister Baroness Anelay speaking at the Commemorating Human Rights Day event in London, 8 December 2016.

10 December, the anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration, is celebrated annually as World Human Rights Day or International Human Rights Day. The commemoration is observed by individuals, community and religious groups, human rights organizations, parliaments, governments, and the United Nations. Decadal commemorations are often accompanied by campaigns to promote awareness of the Declaration and of human rights in general. 2008 marked the 60th anniversary of the Declaration, and was accompanied by year-long activities around the theme "Dignity and justice for all of us". Likewise, the 70th anniversary in 2018 was marked by the global #StandUpForHumanRights campaign, which targeted youth.

At the time of the Declaration's significance by the General Assembly in 1948, Eleanor Roosevelt said:

In giving our approval to the declaration today, it is of primary importance that we keep clearly in mind the basic character of the document. It is not a treaty; it is not an international agreement. It is not and does not purport to be a statement of law or of legal obligation. It is a declaration of basic principles of human rights and freedoms, to be stamped with the approval of the General Assembly by formal vote of its members, and to serve as a common standard of achievement for all peoples of all nations.

The UDHR is considered groundbreaking for providing a comprehensive and universal set of principles in a secular, apolitical document that explicitly transcends cultures, religions, legal systems, and political ideologies. Its claim to universality has been described as "boundlessly idealistic" and the "most ambitious feature".

The Declaration was officially adopted as a bilingual document in English and French, with official translations in Chinese, Russian and Spanish, all of which are official working languages of the UN. Due to its inherently universalist nature, the United Nations has made a concerted effort to translate the document into as many languages as possible, in collaboration with private and public entities and individuals. In 1999, the Guinness Book of Records described the Declaration as the world's "Most Translated Document", with 298 translations; the record was once again certified a decade later when the text reached 370 different languages and dialects. The UDHR achieved a milestone of over 500 translations in 2016, and as of 2023, has been translated into 555 languages, remaining the most translated document.

In its preamble, governments commit themselves and their people to progressive measures that secure the universal and effective recognition and observance of the human rights set out in the Declaration. Eleanor Roosevelt supported the adoption of the text as a declaration, rather than as a treaty, because she believed that it would have the same kind of influence on global society as the United States Declaration of Independence had within the United States. Even though it is not legally binding, the Declaration has been incorporated into or influenced most national constitutions since 1948. It has also served as the foundation for a growing number of national laws, international laws, and treaties, as well as for a growing number of regional, subnational, and national institutions protecting and promoting human rights. These kinds of measures focus on some principles that regard every culture/community especially when martial status take place or inheritance. In other words, every culture has its own norms and every individual is allowed to practice them unless he/she use them as a source of power.

The Declaration's all-encompassing provisions serve as a "yardstick" and point of reference by which countries' commitments to human rights are judged, such as through the treaty bodies and other mechanisms of various human rights treaties that monitor implementation.

In international law, a declaration is distinct from a treaty in that it generally states aspirations or understandings among the parties, rather than binding obligations. The Declaration was explicitly adopted to reflect and elaborate on the customary international law reflected in the " fundamental freedoms" and "human rights" referenced in the United Nations Charter, which is binding on all member states. For this reason, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a fundamental constitutive document of the United Nations and, by extension, all 193 parties of the United Nations Charter.

Nevertheless, the status of the Declaration as a legally enforceable document varies widely around the world: some countries have incorporated it into their domestic laws, while other countries consider it merely a statement of ideals, with no binding provisions.

Many international lawyers believe that the Declaration forms part of customary international law and is a powerful tool in applying diplomatic and moral pressure to governments that violate its articles. One prominent international jurist described the UDHR as being "universally regarded as expounding generally accepted norms." Other legal scholars have further argued that the Declaration constitutes , fundamental principles of international law from which no state may deviate or derogate. The 1968 United Nations International Conference on Human Rights advised that the Declaration "constitutes an obligation for the members of the international community" to all persons.

The Declaration has served as the foundation for two binding United Nations human rights covenants: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The principles of the Declaration are elaborated in other binding international treaties such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the International Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Convention Against Torture, and many more. The Declaration continues to be widely cited by governments, academics, advocates, and constitutional courts, and by individuals who appeal to its principles for the protection of their recognized human rights.

According to a 2022 study, the UDHR "significantly accelerated the adoption of a particular set of [national] constitutional rights." One scholar estimates that at least 90 national constitutions drafted since the Declaration's adoption in 1948 "contain statements of fundamental rights which, where they do not faithfully reproduce the provisions of the Universal Declaration, are at least inspired by it." At least 20 African nations that attained independence in the decades immediately following 1948 explicitly referenced the UDHR in their constitutions. As of 2014, the constitutions that still directly cite the Declaration are those of Afghanistan, Benin, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Mali, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Niger, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Somalia, Spain, Togo, and Yemen. Moreover, the constitutions of Portugal, Romania, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Spain compel their courts to "interpret" constitutional norms consistently with the Universal Declaration.

Judicial and political figures in many nations have directly invoked the UDHR as an influence or inspiration on their courts, constitutions, or legal codes. Indian courts have ruled the Indian Constitution "[embodies] most of the articles contained in the Declaration". Nations as diverse as Antigua, Chad, Chile, Kazakhstan, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Zimbabwe have derived constitutional and legal provisions from the Declaration. In some cases, specific provisions of the UDHR are incorporated or otherwise reflected in national law. The right to health or to protection of health is found in the constitutions of Belgium, Kyrgyzstan, Paraguay, Peru, Thailand, and Togo; constitutional obligations on the government to provide health services exist in Armenia, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Finland, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Paraguay, Thailand, and Yemen.

A survey of U.S. cases through 1988 found five references to the Declaration by the United States Supreme Court; sixteen references by federal courts of appeal; twenty-four references by federal district courts; one reference by a bankruptcy court; and several references by five state courts. Likewise, research conducted in 1994 identified 94 references to the Declaration by federal and state courts across the U.S.

In 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain that the Declaration "does not of its own force impose obligations as a matter of international law", and that the political branches of the U.S. federal government can "scrutinize" the nation's obligations to international instruments and their enforceability. However, U.S. courts and legislatures may still use the Declaration to inform or interpret laws concerned with human rights, a position shared by the courts of Belgium, the Netherlands, India, and Sri Lanka.

The Universal Declaration has received praise from a number of notable activists, jurists, and political leaders. Lebanese philosopher and diplomat Charles Malik called it "an international document of the first order of importance", while Eleanor Roosevelt-first chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) that helped draft the Declaration-stated that it "may well become the international Magna Carta of all men everywhere." At the 1993 United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, one of the largest international gatherings on human rights, diplomats and officials representing 100 nations reaffirmed their governments' "commitment to the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights" and emphasized that the Declaration as "the source of inspiration and has been the basis for the United Nations in making advances in standard setting as contained in the existing international human rights instruments." In a speech on 5 October 1995, Pope John Paul II called the Declaration "one of the highest expressions of the human conscience of our time", despite the Vatican never adopting it. In a statement on 10 December 2003 on behalf of the European Union, Marcello Spatafora said that the Declaration "placed human rights at the centre of the framework of principles and obligations shaping relations within the international community".

As a pillar of international human rights, the UDHR enjoys widespread support among international and nongovernmental organizations. The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), one of the oldest human rights organizations, has as its core mandate the promotion of the respect for all rights set out in the Declaration, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Amnesty International, the third oldest international human rights organization, has regularly observed Human Rights Day and organized worldwide events to bring awareness and support of the UDHR. Some organizations, such as the Quaker United Nations Office and the American Friends Service Committee have developed curriculum or programmes to educate young people on the UDHR.

Specific provisions of the UDHR are cited or elaborated by interest groups in relation to their specific area of focus. In 1997, the council of the American Library Association (ALA) endorsed Articles 18 through 20 concerning freedoms of thought, opinion, and expression, which were codified in the ALA Universal Right to Free Expression and the Library Bill of Rights. The Declaration formed the basis of the ALA's claim that censorship, invasion of privacy, and interference of opinions are human rights violations.

Distribution map of Islam by country

Most Muslim-majority countries that were then members of the United Nations signed the Declaration in 1948, including the kingdoms of Afghanistan, Egypt, and Iraq, Pahlavi Iran, and the First Syrian Republic; the Republic of Turkey, which had an overwhelmingly Muslim population but an officially secular government, also voted in favour. Saudi Arabia was the sole abstainer on the Declaration among Muslim-majority countries, claiming that it violated the Islamic law ( sharīʿa). Pakistan, officially an Islamic state, signed the declaration and critiqued the Saudi position, strongly arguing in favour of including freedom of religion as a fundamental human right of the UDHR.

Moreover, some Muslim diplomats would later help draft other United Nations human rights treaties. For example, Iraq's representative to the United Nations, Bedia Afnan's insistence on wording that recognized gender equality resulted in Article 3 within the ICCPR and ICESCR, which, together with the UDHR, form the International Bill of Rights. Pakistani diplomat Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah influenced the drafting of the Declaration, especially with respect to women's rights, and played a role in the preparation of the 1951 Genocide Convention.

In 1982, the Iranian diplomat to the United Nations, who represented the country's newly installed Islamic republic, stated that the Declaration was "a secular understanding of the Judeo-Christian tradition" that could not be implemented by Muslims without conflict with sharīʿa law.

On 30 June 2000, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, which represents most of the Muslim world,[citation needed ] officially resolved to support the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, an alternative document that says people have "freedom and right to a dignified life in accordance with the Islamic Shari'ah", without any discrimination on grounds of "race, colour, language, sex, religious belief, political affiliation, social status or other considerations". The Cairo Declaration is widely acknowledged to be a response to the UDHR, and uses similar universalist language, albeit derived solely from Islamic jurisprudence ( fiqh).

Regarding the promulgation of the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, T. Jeremy Gunn, Professor of Law and Political Science at the International University of Rabat in Morocco, has stated:

the twenty-two-member League of Arab States (Arab League)-each of whose members also belongs to the OIC and is majority-Muslim-created its own human rights instruments and institutions (based in Cairo) that set it apart from the international human rights regime. While the term "Arab" denotes an ethnicity and "Muslim" references a religion, all majority-Arab countries are also majority-Muslim countries, though the opposite does not hold. Indeed, the preponderance of Muslim-majority countries is not Arab. It has long been recognized that the Muslim-majority Arab world ranks particularly poorly with respect to human rights. According to the 2009 Arab Human Development Report, written by Arab experts for the United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States, "Arab states seem content to ratify certain international human rights treaties, but do not go so far as to recognize the role of international mechanisms in making human rights effective." [...] The resistance to implementation of international human rights standards in parts of the Muslim and Arab worlds is perhaps most salient with the panoply of rights related to religion. In terms of the UDHR, the core of the resistance is centered on issues of the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion (Article 18), prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion (Article 2), and the prohibition of discrimination against women (preamble, Article 2, Article 16). The same resistance to universal standards, already present in the UDHR, continued in subsequent elaborations of human rights, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the 1981 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief.

A number of scholars in different fields have expressed concerns with the Declaration's alleged Western and secularist bias. Abdulaziz Sachedina observes that Muslims broadly agree with the Declaration's universalist premise, which is shared by Islam, but differ on specific contents, which many find "insensitive to particular Muslim cultural values, especially when it comes to speaking about individual rights in the context of collective and family values in Muslim society". However, he notes that most Muslim scholars, while opposing the inherently secular framework of the document, do respect and acknowledge some of its "foundations". Sachedina further argues that many Christians similarly criticized the Declaration for allegedly reflecting a secular and liberal bias in opposition to certain religious values.

Kazakh religious scholars Galym Zhussipbek and Zhanar Nagayeva have argued that the rejection or failed implementation of human rights in Muslim-majority countries and their seeming incompatibility with sharīʿa law originates from the current "epistemological crisis of conservative Islamic scholarship and Muslim mind", rooted in the centuries-old confinement of a role for reason within strict limits, and in the disappearance of rationalistic discursive Islamic theology ( kalām) as a dynamic science from the Muslim world. Furthermore, they affirm the necessity of undertaking an epistemological reform in Islamic scholarship, which denotes the incorporation of international standards of human rights and justice into the epistemology and methodology of Islamic jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh).

Riffat Hassan, a Pakistani-born American Islamic feminist scholar and Muslim theologian, has argued:

What needs to be pointed out to those who uphold the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to be the highest, or sole, model, of a charter of equality and liberty for all human beings, is that given the Western origin and orientation of this Declaration, the "universality" of the assumptions on which it is based is-at the very least-problematic and subject to questioning. Furthermore, the alleged incompatibility between the concept of human rights and religion in general, or particular religions such as Islam, needs to be examined in an unbiased way.

Faisal Kutty, a Muslim Canadian human rights activist, opines that a "strong argument can be made that the current formulation of international human rights constitutes a cultural structure in which western society finds itself easily at home [...]. It is important to acknowledge and appreciate that other societies may have equally valid alternative conceptions of human rights." Irene Oh, director of the peace studies programme at Georgetown University, has argued that Muslim reservations towards some provisions of the UDHR, and the broader debate about the document's secular and Western bias, could be resolved through mutual dialogue grounded in comparative descriptive ethics.

"The Right to Refuse to Kill"

Groups such as Amnesty International and War Resisters International have advocated for "The Right to Refuse to Kill" to be added to the Universal Declaration, as has Seán MacBride, a former Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. War Resisters International has stated that the right to conscientious objection to military service is primarily derived from Article 18 of the UDHR, which preserves the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Some steps have been taken within the UN to make the right more explicit, with the Human Rights Council repeatedly affirming that Article 18 enshrines "the right of everyone to have conscientious objection to military service as a legitimate exercise of the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion".

The American Anthropological Association criticized the UDHR during its drafting process, warning that its definition of universal rights reflected a Western paradigm that was unfair to non-Western nations. They further argued that the West's history of colonialism and evangelism made them a problematic moral representative for the rest of the world. They proposed three notes for consideration with underlying themes of cultural relativism:

1. The individual realizes his personality through his culture, hence respect for individual differences entails a respect for cultural differences.

2. Respect for differences between cultures is validated by the scientific fact that no technique of qualitatively evaluating cultures has been discovered.

3. Standards and values are relative to the culture from which they derive so that any attempt to formulate postulates that grow out of the beliefs or moral codes of one culture must to that extent detract from the applicability of any Declaration of Human Rights to mankind as a whole.

During the lead-up to the World Conference on Human Rights that was held in 1993, ministers from several Asian states adopted the Bangkok Declaration, which reaffirms their governments' commitment to the principles of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They stated their belief that human rights are interdependent and indivisible, and stressed the need for universality, objectivity, and non-selectivity of human rights. However, at the same time, they emphasized the principles of sovereignty and non-interference, calling for greater emphasis upon economic, social, and cultural rights, and in particular, the right to economic development by establishing international collaboration directives between the signatories. The Bangkok Declaration is considered to be a landmark expression of Asian values with respect to human rights, which offers an extended critique of human rights universalism.

Brown, Gordon (2016). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 21st Century: A Living Document in a Changing World. Open Book Publishers. ISBN 978-1783742189.

Glendon, Mary Ann (2002). A world made new: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Random House. ISBN 978-0375760464.

Hashmi, Sohail H. (2002). Islamic political ethics: civil society, pluralism, and conflict. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691113104.

Holkebeer, Mieke (2004). "Out of the Crooked Timber of Humanity: Humanising Rights in South Africa". In Erik Doxtader; Charles Villa-Vicencio (eds.). To Repair the Irreparable Reparation and Reconstruction in South Africa. Cape Town: David Philip Publishers. pp. 149-165. ISBN 978-0864866189.

Morsink, Johannes (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: origins, drafting, and intent. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0812217476.

Price, Daniel E. (1999). Islamic political culture, democracy, and human rights: a comparative study. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0275961879.

Williams, Paul (1981). The International bill of human rights. United Nations General Assembly. Entwhistle Books. ISBN 978-0934558075.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Wikipedia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings. Drafted by a UN committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was accepted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 during its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

# data[].attributes.body
Every kid in school is getting ready for the future. What is it like to be in the future? How are our teachers preparing us for a future that does not yet exist? I believe that one of the most valuable lessons I have learned this year is that in order to be ready for the future I need to learn how to solve real world problems. One of the things we learned this year is the importance of eating healthy. Ms.Rodriguez, our Language Arts/Reading and Writing teacher taught us told about reading food labels. Many of us eat pop tarts and after reading the label we learned that most of the ingredients in Pop Tarts were not natural ingredients, not to mention the amount of sugar we are eating when we eat Pop Tarts!  Now that, that right there is a health situation like she said,"your body is make for certain foods". Granola sounds like a good breakfast option but it's high in calories,and some brands contain a lot of sugar.If we feed our bodies foods that are not healthy we can eventually become very sick, and not live a healthy life.Remember, eat responsibly.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Healthier options exist for most of your favorite sugar-sweetened drinks, processed pizzas, and refined wheat breads. And they're just as tasty, too. Here are 14 healthier swaps for some of your favorites.

Most of us love to indulge in the occasional bowl of ice cream or bag of chips. Both are wildly delicious and can be enjoyed from time to time.

But when we start eating nutrient-depleted foods on a regular basis - when they become a key feature of our eating patterns - that's when we run the risk of developing significant health risks in the long run.

Food should bring joy, not a headache. In a society saturated with dieting dogma, negative food sentiments are widespread. "Can't have it," "won't eat that," and the ever-trendy "that's so bad for me" are just a few of the most commonly used phrases when we talk about food.

So what if everything on your food favorites list feels off-limits?

Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to revamp your whole diet to achieve health. In fact, you can pack in more nutrition with just a few tweaks - all without feeling deprived.

Plus, there's space to enjoy foods that are close to your heart.

This article discusses 14 foods commonly believed to be "unhealthy," why they may have detrimental health effects, and how to make smart swaps to nourish yourself - while soothing that growling stomach.

On any given day, 60% of children and 50% of adults report consuming sugar-sweetened beverages ().

Sugary drinks are often identified as especially problematic since they're high in, well, sugar and calories but low in nutrients.

While they're not the only risk factor for health issues, drinking sugar-sweetened beverages may lead to weight gain. Excess sugar consumption may also be linked to tooth decay, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer (, , ).

What's more, a meta-analysis revealed that drinking sugar-sweetened beverages daily raises the risk of dying from heart disease by 8%. In fact, the connection becomes stronger the more you drink ().

In one study including 500,000 people from 10 European countries, sugary beverages were linked to all-cause deaths ().

To be clear, these are population-based studies, so it's impossible to know whether these observations are due to the beverages themselves or other associated factors.

On a different note, it's also possible that sweetened drinks send your appetite into overdrive.

According to an older study, drinking soda probably makes you less sensitive to sweet tastes, making you want more sweet foods ( 7).

Smart swap

To bring a touch of taste, add a slice of lemon or lime to your water or tea infusions. Alternatively, try a nutrient-dense alternative, such as homemade golden milk or smoothies.

These options are rich in nutrients and may help you cut back on added sugar.

Many people argue that since many manufactured pizzas include a variety of additives like preservatives and colors, homemade pizzas are often healthier choices.

It's important to keep an eye on your intake of processed meats, such as pepperoni, hot dogs, and most types of bacon, that are commonly used as pizza toppings, as they're linked to cancer ( 8).

Plus, most manufactured pizzas use highly refined flours, which lack nutrients when compared with whole grains ().

Smart swap

Fast food and frozen pizzas that are high in calories, fat, and salt aren't the only options; those made with fresh, wholesome ingredients are a healthier alternative.

Top your pizza with nutritious vegetables like broccoli, mushrooms, onions, and bell peppers ().

You could even prepare your own dough by using nourishing flour combinations, such as rye, quinoa, or chickpea flours.

On the other hand, whole grains might be a more favorable option since they raise your blood sugar levels more slowly, provide plenty of dietary fiber, and promote gut health ().

Additionally, whole grain bread may be more effective than refined bread at reducing abdominal fat, according to one review ().

Because the definition of whole grain bread varies across studies, it's impossible to draw a definitive conclusion regarding the influence of whole grain bread versus white bread on health outcomes.

Smart swap

One of the best substitutes for white bread is sprouted whole grain bread.

Sprouted grains reduce antinutrients, allowing you to absorb more nutrients from the grains.

Antinutrients are compounds in plant foods that interfere with the absorption of nutrients from a food source. For example, phytic acid can bind with minerals such as iron and zinc, preventing them from being absorbed in the body.

Almost all of the nutrients in sprouted grains are available for absorption in the body. Plus, antioxidant levels are higher in sprouted grains ().

For people who can tolerate gluten, Ezekiel bread is a solid alternative to white bread.

It's no secret that liquids are considered less filling than solid foods ().

This means that juice calories are not necessarily offset by eating less food, and they can add up rather quickly ().

Insulin resistance is when the body fails to respond properly to insulin, a hormone that controls sugars in the blood. It is typically characteristic of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ().

Smart swap

To add sweetness without sacrificing nourishment, drink nutrient-rich homemade smoothies or use a mix of vegetables and fruits to make juices that complement your diet.

Another small study noted that vegetable-fruit juices might improve the amount of nitric oxide in the blood, which helps improve blood flow and reduce damaging fats in the body ().

Breakfast cereals are processed cereal grains, such as wheat, oats, rice, and corn. Most cereal products on the market are low in fiber and heavily sweetened to improve their taste and appeal.

Some of them can be as sweet as candy.

Nearly all ready-to-eat breakfast cereals evaluated in a recent study across five Western countries, including the United States, had an "unhealthy" nutritional profile. Researchers found substantial amounts of sugar in processed breakfast cereals ().

Smart swap

Choose breakfast cereals that are high in fiber and low in added sugar. Even better, make your own oatmeal from scratch.

Dietary fiber intake has been linked to better digestive health and a lower risk of heart disease, stroke, hypertension, certain digestive diseases, increased body weight, type 2 diabetes, and several cancers ().

Steel cut oats provide two to three times the fiber content that's available in ready-to-eat breakfast cereal varieties ().

There's substantial evidence that frequently eating fried food raises the risk of chronic diseases (, , , ).

Cooking meat using high temperature methods, such as panfrying or grilling directly over an open flame, produces chemicals called heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

In laboratory-based studies, HCAs and PAHs are genotoxic. That is, they cause genetic (DNA) damage that might raise the risk of cancer ().

Nevertheless, there's no compelling evidence that eating meat cooked at a high temperature poses a cancer risk to humans ().

Smart swap

Choose milder and better-for-you cooking techniques more often, such as steaming, boiling, stewing, and blanching.

Sapped of nutrients, these ultra-processed picks are laden with sugar, low in fiber, and contain preservatives.

Most baked sweet treats are manufactured with refined sugar, refined wheat flour, and extra fat. Shortening, which includes inflammation-promoting trans fats, might also be utilized ().

Though these are important findings, they are observations rather than proof of causation.

Smart swap

Homemade "crumble in a mug" is an easy, nutritious, and lower sugar alternative to refined cakes or cookies. It also has all the flavor and crunch. To make it, add fruits to a mug and top it with an oat-nut crumble mixture. You have control over the sweetness level.

Potatoes are nutrient-rich, but when they're processed into fries or chips, the nutrient content can plummet.

A recent meta-analysis indicates that eating french fries is linked to type 2 diabetes and hypertension ().

When potatoes are fried, baked, or roasted for an extended time, they may create compounds known as acrylamides, which are associated with cancer (, ).

Evidence suggests that exposure to dietary acrylamide is connected to cancer in humans ().

Smart swap

It's all right to enjoy your favorite foods from time to time without feeling guilty.

If you are keen on a nutritious crunchy alternative to potato chips, consider carrots, peppers, cucumber, popcorn, or nuts.

People frequently replace nutritious gluten-containing foods with highly processed foods that are gluten-free.

However, adopting a gluten-free diet may mean higher food expenses, decreased fiber intake, and the risk of nutritional deficiencies ().

Smart swap

Remember that there likely isn't a reason to avoid gluten unless you have a gluten-related disorder.

Choose nutrient-dense foods that are naturally gluten-free, such as brown rice and quinoa, instead of processed gluten-free foods.

Agave nectar is a type of sweet syrup manufactured from a plant that's usually consumed as a substitute for sugar.

Due to agave's current production process, it's a highly processed sweetener that no longer mirrors the original product, which was considered to have health benefits ().

In fact, agave nectar is even higher in fructose than many other sweeteners.

According to an older study, agave nectar is 84% fructose. In contrast, table sugar is 50% fructose, while high fructose corn syrup is around 55% fructose ().

It's important to keep in mind that low calorie and zero calorie sweeteners are still not fully understood.

Smart swap

To reduce the fat content of a product without compromising flavor, manufacturers often replace it with sugar and additives, such as modified food starches or gums.

According to the most recent research, there's no compelling evidence that low fat diets are more effective for weight management ().

Smart swap

Plain Greek yogurt topped with fruits and dark chocolate shavings is a delicious way to satisfy your sweet tooth.

There is immense interest in low carb diets, which may help you reduce your insulin levels, improve your heart health, and lose weight ().

While you may eat plenty of wholesome foods on a low carb diet, you should be wary of highly processed low carb substitute products. Meal replacements and low carb snacks, such as cheddar cheese crips and cookies, are examples of these.

One review of 43 studies discovered that no study found a link between ultra-processed foods and better health ().

Instead, a growing body of evidence associates ultra-processed foods with adverse health effects and chronic diseases. Indeed, there's a pressing need to consider how these foods contribute to the chronic disease burden on a global scale ().

Smart swap

If you're on a low carb diet, include foods that are naturally low in carbs, such as most vegetables and leafy greens, nuts and seeds, eggs, and tofu.

Ice creams, frozen yogurts, and popsicles are sweet delights that can be hard to resist - and all are tasty ways to treat yourself now and then.

While there are some nutritious options on the market, most are calorie-dense and contain refined sugar (e.g., table sugar, high fructose corn syrup, cane sugar, and cane juice) or natural sugars like honey and maple. You may also encounter artificial flavors and additives in some types.

Chronic sugar consumption has been linked to various health problems, such as dental cavities, a higher body weight, heart disease, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and even death (, , ).

Smart swap

It's possible to purchase more nutritious brands or make your own soft-serve ice cream or popsicles with natural fruit rather than refined sugar.

Processed meats are foods that have been subjected to processing to improve their flavor, preserve quality, or extend their shelf life.

Sausages, ham, and canned meat are just a few examples of processed meat.

Multiple studies point out a strong association between processed meats and cancer, particularly colon cancer.

In fact, the World Health Organization has classified processed meat as a Group I carcinogen. In other words, there is convincing evidence that processed meats cause cancer ( 8).

Smart swap

There are a number of nutrient-dense, less processed substitutions for processed meat. High quality chicken, turkey, fish, beans, and lentils are just a few examples.

There's no doubting the power of a nutritious diet when it comes to preventing - and sometimes even treating - diet-related chronic diseases.

Incorporating nutrient-dense food swaps for ultra-processed foods is one way to help you consume a more nutritious diet.

However, while certain foods have been linked to various health problems, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, singling them out may not always be useful.

The reality is that numerous factors contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including genetics, diet, and lifestyle ().

Plus, we can't overlook external factors, such as where people live, the state of their environment, and the quality of their relationships - all of which work together to influence health and disease ().

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Better-for-You Alternatives for 14 Favorite Foods

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Here are 14 better-for-you swaps for some popular favorites.

# data[].attributes.body
We have learned a lot this year. The most interesting this I learned this year was the troubles the rain forest is experiencing. and about keystone species. To begin with, many keystone species such as

# data[].attributes.body
Future Ready means to be ready or prepared for the future, which is now. The things we learn in school help us prepare for the future. In the fifth grade we learn about many things. Topics that we learned in the fifth grade can help us in the future. I learned about the rain forest, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the endangerment of some animals which can affect our lives, and we also talked about artificial foods. This is important to know because this prepares us for the future. The UDHR or the Universal Declaration of Human Rights helps us in the future because in the future we will be able to know what rights we have. Knowing about the rainforest and the endangerment of animals helps us in the future because when we are older we can help with these problems because loosing rainforests, and animals later on affects us. For example if the overmodest bear becomes extinct then, not much berries will grow and this affects us because then we won't be able to eat berries often. Knowing about artificial foods prepares us for the future because then we know what foods have artificial things in it, so then it doesn't cause health affects for us in the future, but if we know about this we won't have any health problems because of artificial food. I am future ready because I know all these things which can help me in the future and when I am asked about these things then I will be able to talk about these problems.

# data[].attributes.body
In the Fifth grade, we have learned about the Rain forests and how they contribute to an ecosystem, our independence, and our rights. We have learned about The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The UDHR has articles that document our freedoms. For example, it documents our Freedom from discrimination, the Right to life, and many more. We learned about this topic in Ms. Rodriguez's class. We learned that this is a VERY IMPORTANT document. It holds all of our human rights. In the rain forest, there are many animals that are endangered due to habitat loss, urbanization, and poachers. Poachers hunt the animals. Urbanization is where people cut down trees to make new buildings. This is endangering the animals there because some of those animals live in trees.  Poaching the animals are killing the animals for their fur, skin and much more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
I will respect your rights regardless of who you are. I will uphold your rights even when I disagree with you

When anyone's human rights are denied, everyone's rights are undermined, so I will stand up

I will raise my voice. I will take action. I will use my rights to stand up for your rights.

people have stood up for human rights

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
70th anniversary of the universal declaration of human rights

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I will respect your rights regardless of who you are. I will uphold your rights even when I disagree with you When anyone's human rights are denied, everyone's rights are undermined, so I will stand up I will raise my voice. I will take action.

# data[].attributes.body
I have learned so much this year.I have learned about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR),Esperanza Rising,and the rain forest.The UDHR is a lot of rights that people used to not have but,they do now.Esperanza Rising is a book about a girl who had an uncle that threatened some of her family but,she soon moves to start a new life.Right now I am still learning about the rain forest and I find it very.I found many new animals in the rain forest like an Asian elephant and why it is endangered.It is dying because of many reasons.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Asian elephants are the continent's largest terrestrial mammals. They can reach 6.4m in length and 3m at the shoulder, and weigh as much as 5 tonnes.

They are smaller than African elephants and have proportionally smaller ears, which they keep in constant motion in order to cool themselves. They also have a single 'finger' on the upper lip of their trunks as opposed to African elephants, which have a second one on the lower tip.

Their skin ranges from dark grey to brown, with patches of pink on the forehead, the ears, the base of the trunk and the chest.

A significant number of male Asian elephants are tuskless. The percentage of males with ivory varies from just 5% in Sri Lanka to aound 90% in southern India - possibly reflecting the intensity of past ivory hunting.

Subspecies

There are three subspecies of Asian elephant - the Indian, Sumatran and Sri Lankan. The Indian has the widest range and accounts for the majority of the remaining elephants on the continent. The Sri Lankan is physically the largest of the subspecies, and also the darkest in colour. The Sumatran is the smallest.

However, some studies suggest that Borneo pygmy elephants could be a separate subspecies. If so, they would be the smallest. They are also more rotund and have babyish faces, larger ears, and longer tails that almost reach the ground. They are appear to be less aggressive than other Asian elephants.

Social Structure

Female elephants are more social than males. They form herds of related females that are led by the oldest female, the 'matriarch'. Males usually live alone but sometimes form small groups with other males.

Life Cycle

When habitat conditions are favourable, female elephants may give birth to a calf every 2.5-4 years. Each calf weighs between 50-150kg.

After several months, the calf begins to eat grass and foliage. However, it stays under the supervision of its mother for several years, starting to make its first independent moves when it is around 4 years old.

Both males and females may become sexually mature as early as 9, but males do not usually start sexual activity until they are 14 or 15. And even then they are not capable of the social dominance that is usually necessary for successful reproductive activity, especially as most elephants only reach their full size at about 17 years of age.

Diet

Elephants need to eat an average of 150 kg per day to survive. They can spend more than two thirds of each day feeding on grasses. But they also devour large amounts of bark, roots, leaves and stems. Cultivated crops such as bananas, rice and sugarcane are also favoured foods - sometimes bringing them into conflict with humans.

They need to drink at least once a day so they are always close to a source of fresh water.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Asian elephants are the continent's largest terrestrial mammals. They can reach 6.4m in length and 3m at the shoulder, and weigh as much as 5 tonnes. They are smaller than African elephants and have proportionally smaller ears, which they keep in constant motion in order to cool themselves.

# data[].attributes.body
This year we have learned many things like Human Rights, Esperanza Rising, and the Rainforest which we are still working on.Ever since we started working in this class we have learned something everyday.My favorite, in my opinion is the UDHR(Universal Declaration Human Rights) This is my favorite because we got to know our rights, how it works, and how do we respect them.The year is still not over and we have learned so many things in Language Arts.We are Future Ready because, our wonderful teacher, Ms.Rodriguez is teaching us things that might me important for the future.Anyways, my point is that this proves that we are Future Ready because we have learned so many important lesson this year with Ms.Rodriguez.

# data[].attributes.body
This year we have learned a lot! Every lesson we learned about taught us  to be ready for the future. Things such as the UDHR (Universal Declaration Of Human Rights), Esperanza Rising,The Rainforest, Comic Con and more. This has increased us to learn more compared from the first month or so of school. Doing the UDHR has helped us to learn that us as humans we each have our own rights, we have to follow to be able to be Future Ready. Without our teachers help my classmates and I would not be ready for the future. This is why P.S#4 school is FUTURE READY!!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Rainforests play an invaluable role in sustaining life, but every year, large portions of them are cut down for logging, mining, and cattle ranches.

Found on every continent except Antarctica, rainforests are ecosystems filled with mostly evergreen trees that typically receive high amounts of rainfall. Tropical rainforests are found near the equator, with high average temperatures and humidity, while temperate rainforests lie mostly in coastal, mountainous areas within the mid-latitudes.

A rainforest is typically made up of four key layers: emergent, upper canopy, understory, and forest floor. In the top emergent layer, trees as tall as 200 feet (60 meters) grow far apart and tall, their branches reaching above the canopy. The upper canopy, a deep layer of vegetation roughly 20 feet (6 meters) thick, houses most of the rainforest's animal species and forms a roof that blocks most light from reaching below.

Below the canopy, the understory is a low-light layer dominated by shorter plants with broad leaves, such as palms and philodendrons. On the dark forest floor, few plants are able to grow and decaying matter from the upper layers is prevalent, feeding the roots of the trees.

Why "rain" forests?

Rainforests are often partly self-watering. Plants release water into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration. The moisture helps create the thick cloud cover that hangs over most rainforests. Even when it's not raining, these clouds keep the rainforest humid and warm.

Rainforest loss

Deforestation is endangering rainforests worldwide, driven by logging, mining, agriculture, and ranching. About 17 percent of the Amazonian rainforest has been destroyed over the past 50 years, and losses recently have been on the rise. Tropical rainforest now covers about six percent of Earth's land surface.

Two countries accounted for 46 percent of the primary (meaning old-growth, undisturbed) tropical rainforest loss in 2018: Brazil, which is home to more than half the Amazon, and Indonesia, where forests are cut down to make way for producing palm oil, which can be found in everything from shampoo to saltines. In other countries, such as Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, loss rates are rising considerably. In many cases, such as logged areas, the soil damage makes it difficult for rainforests to regenerate, and the biodiversity found in them is irreplaceable.

Rainforest benefits

When we lose rainforests, we lose an important natural resource. Tropical rainforests are centers of biodiversity, holding an estimated half of the world's plants and animals, many of which have yet to be catalogued (some scientists estimate that it's two-thirds of the world's plants). Rainforests produce, store, and filter water, protecting against soil erosion, floods, and drought.

Many of the plants found in rainforests are being used to make medicine, including anti-cancer drugs, along with beauty products and foods. One drug under development for treating HIV, Calanolide A, is derived from a tree discovered on Malaysian Borneo. And Brazil nut trees refuse to grow anywhere but in undisturbed sections of the Amazon rainforest. There, the trees are pollinated by bees that also visit orchids, and their seeds are spread by agoutis, small tree mammals. Rainforests are also home to endangered or protected animals such as the Sumatran rhino, orangutans, and jaguars.

Forest trees also absorb carbon, an important function needed as human-caused greenhouse gas emissions stoke climate change. Rainforest loss is a double-whammy for the climate: It contributes emissions while removing a future potential source of carbon storage. Human activity has caused tropical rainforests to emit more carbon dioxide than they absorb at this point, according to one study.

Rainforest protection

Organizations and governments around the world are engaged in trying to protect rainforests. In Indonesia, notes Global Forest Watch, primary forest loss in 2017 dropped to its lowest rate since 2003 after the government enacted policies to protect certain areas.

Conservation groups, activists, and indigenous communities also play an important role. National Geographic Explorer Topher White, for example, has come up with a way to use recycled cell phones to monitor for chainsaws, while other groups, including the Rainforest Action Network and Conservation International, are working to monitor forests and create economies that thrive by protecting these ecosystems rather than destroying them, such as local tourism and sustainable products. In Brazil, thousands of indigenous people have staged demonstrations to reinforce their claim to threatened lands, arguing that they are often better stewards of rainforests and the wildlife they contain than national governments. Other efforts focus on reforestation, planting trees and reintroducing wildlife-in the Amazon, for example, a large-scale project announced in 2017 aims to plant 73 million trees.

You can help too. Support conservation efforts, consider ecotourism vacations, and look for sustainable products and meats where possible, using certifications and ratings from nonprofit groups such as the Forest Stewardship Council, the Rainforest Alliance, and the World Wildlife Fund.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Rainforests play an invaluable role in sustaining life, but every year large portions of them are cut down for logging, mining, and cattle ranches.

# data[].attributes.body
We are future ready, because we have learned so many things this year. We have learned about DNA, planning and creating a school event, Lots of fractions, and the importance of governments.
However, the most memorable thing learned was not being ashamed of letting our my inner super hero, and I was able to do that during our school's first annual Comic Com. Comic Con was an event the our class put together where student shared their individual passions. We had to present these passions to the school in any form we wanted, but we had certain ruled to follow. Being able to share who we really are was really awesome. In the process no only did we learn about others, but we learned about ourselves.
We will learn more though..but watch out for us, Albio Sires Elementary is on the way. In our school are Future scientist, Future Mathletes , Future Teachers, and future Mrs. Lazzara's. This year we learned that we are unique and we are hero's, no matter how small or tall.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Comic Con at Albio Sires Elementary School

# data[].attributes.headline
Futuristicly Ready For Futuristic Future

# data[].attributes.subject
Futuristicly Ready For Futuristic Future

# data[].attributes.body
Kids in the same age group as us have been taught very well by our teachers to pursue any kind of work order we choose. We have been taught how to read and write, perform math equations, and possibly even learn what does the fox says. We have been taught the most advanced S.T.E.A.M. curriculum and have hosted our (average) version of Comic Con! And in our grade alone our four teachers have taught us multiple different subjects, for example, our Language Arts teacher (who will remain unnamed) taught us about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (in the U.S.A. anyway). Later in the year, she taught us about comics and their types of writing (mostly) and now we are  being subjugated to learn about rain forests. But for every job and life we pursue we can always learn about it in some sort of school. But in West New York, New Jersey all sorts of S.T.E.M.'s of education starts here in Albio Sires's PS#4. And this was a very cringy padlet?  On that note we shall end this padlet, have a good life and if you eat them have a good biscuit! Bye!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
The Institute for Arts Integration and STEAM

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
STEAM is an educational approach to learning that uses Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts and Mathematics as access points for guiding student inquiry, dialogue, and critical thinking.

# data[].attributes.headline
How is Albio Sires Elementary School (P.S.#4) of the West New York School District Future Ready?

# data[].attributes.subject
How is Albio Sires Elementary School (P.S.#4) of the West New York School District Future Ready?

# data[].attributes.body
Salutations, unknown human. Today I will be explaining the reason why Albio Sires Elementary School of the W.N.Y School District is Future Ready for all students that are learning. This is, because of our ability to learn for our future. Now I will be explaining about stuff we learned this year. And why we are Future Ready. Now here we begin this journey. So in the Fifth Grade Language Arts Class,we have learned about Tropical and other Rain forests. Such as the Amazon Rain forest. Which we are doing a essay and project based on problems in the rain forest. Below is the questions we need to have in our essays. The essays are about a problem in the rain forest, a animal effected by this, how can this effect the ecosystem and how we can solve this issue. Below I posted my Essay for you to look at. It shows what I am writing about, and the questions I answered. Next, we were brought to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Which is a list of 30 articles. Each based on a freedom that everyone should have. Not just the United States (or North America). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was brought to us before and while we read a book called "Esperanza Rising" which I will be talking about next. Thirdly, for what you have been waiting for, is Esperanza Rising. The Main Idea of this book is a time in 1920's and 30's is about a girl named Esperanza. And her family. Which they have a rough time in Mexico and are forced to come to the United States. Where they later settle in California. For their rest of their lives, they are forced to work to support themselves and live in their home. Which wasn't as good as their Ranch. But it was a better country and they got used to it quicker. Lastly, we learned about Comic Con. Which we had at our school in February. Which we had all of our parents come and see what each of us were presenting that maybe our parents never knew of. For example, I was doing the Hour of Code station. There were also many other stations. Such as the robot, ROBLOX and Virtual Reality station. Ms. Rodriguez is probably asking in her mind, why are we future ready? Well, here's your answer. We are Future Ready, because we all learned about every particular subject. Such as Math, Reading (or Language Arts), Science and Social Studies. Which are important for particularly all of ourselves in the future. If we don't have all this knowledge, we would all be confused in the unknown future. You might become a teacher, but forget something you learned from 5th Grade. Which means, you need to pay attention. Well, you could just go back to Ms. Abreu and learn it.... But you can't!! Unless you contact her, which is a different story. But anyways, you could also go back to college and learn about it. In conclusion, this is the end of my essay on why Albio Sires is future ready and what we learned over the school year.

# data[].attributes.body
I have learned a lot of things this year and a lot of them helped me. We learned about Esperanza Rising,Universal decaration of human right ,rainforest animals and learned so much more. The main topic i will tell you what changed me the most! It is the rainforest animals. I am now more aware of our wildlife in the ecosystem. Now i know why some people make such a big deal out of them. It is because we need them to survive. It is not just here it is everywere.If we take care of the animals on earth we can do anything! The only way we can do that is to take care of our wildlife not just in the rainforest but everywere. We can help our wildlife by not killing them. If we kill the animals in our life the other species that hunt them can't eat them anymore and they will die and we won't have the proper food we need to survive. I am now aware of this problem and i will do as much as I can to fix this problem and hope others will do the same. I am future ready!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Earth's rainforests continue to disappear at an alarming rate. Each day, an astounding 80,000 acres of rainforest are lost forever, despite international disapproval and concern. Groups like the Rainforest Action Network, the Rainforest Alliance, the Borneo Project and international programs like UN-REDD work to save global rainforests through incentive-based initiatives, education and conservation programs. Still, it's an uphill battle that requires a long-term complex social, environmental and economic approach to win.

One of the main reasons rainforests continue to be destroyed comes down to basic economics: they're worth more (monetarily) cut down than standing, at least by today's standards. Rainforests are also predominantly located in some of the poorest regions on Earth, leaving local populations vulnerable to corruption and foreign business advancement. Palm oil production, for example, which consists of cutting down virgin rainforest in order to plant a mono-crop of oil palm trees, trees that can only grow in tropical climates, is just one example of rainforest development. Use lipstick or eat ice cream? Chances are palm oil is listed as one of the ingredients.

Rainforests are also home to 50% of the world's species, which are directly impacted by deforestation. In addition, the forests act as a major carbon sink and hold countless natural, historical and medicinal wonders. They're also home to some of the world's last remaining indigenous peoples who are linked to past civilizations including the Mayans, Incas and Aztecs. These cultures have learned to live with the land and therefore uniquely understand the intricacies of the rainforest and its animal and plant inhabitants.

Scientists and activists remain concerned about the best approach to save the rapidly disappearing rainforests of the world, yet there appears to be agreement of what has and has not worked in the past and it's clear that rainforests will survive only if local people and governments can be shown a tangible economic benefit to their intact existence. While many living abroad can see the environmental and emotional benefit of a rainforest, those living locally and deep in poverty with an immediate need for money are more likely to sell out.

So what do you do? Ecotourism is one possibility as are bio-prospecting fees and carbon credits. Nevertheless, economic demand for palm oil is strong and financial incentives simply aren't enough given rampant corruption. Cultural barriers also play a significant role, creating rifts between developed nation priorities and developing nation priorities. In light of all the challenges, however, five basic steps we can each take every day to save rainforests have been broken down into the acronym TREES, which stands for:

Teach others about the importance of the environment and how they can help save rainforests.

Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on land where forests have been cut down.

Encourage people to live in a way that doesn't hurt the environment.

Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife.

Support companies that operate in ways that minimize damage to the environment.

For many, Teach, Encourage and Support will likely make the most practical sense, although if you're able to donate to a worthy and credible conservation organization, plant a tree, or do even more, then great! Saving the rainforests of the world has never been more important, particularly as climate change increases in severity, making global carbon sinks of critical value. Ironic, eh?
Related Stories: How Palm Oil Threatens Orangutans Amazon Loggers Caught in the Act Deforestation: Fast-Tracking Our Own Extinction Photo Credit: NASA

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
5 Ways You Can Save Tropical Rainforests | Care2 Causes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Earth's rainforests continue to disappear at an alarming rate. Each day, an astounding 80,000 acres of rainforest are lost forever, despite international disapproval and concern. Groups like the Rainforest Action Network, the Rainforest Alliance, the Borneo Project and international programs like UN-REDD work to save global rainforests through incentive-based initiatives, education and conservation programs. Still, it's an uphill battle that requires a long-term complex social, environmental and economic approach to win.

# data[].attributes.body
The whole year we have been learning many things such as the UDHR ( universal declaration of human rights). The UDHR will help me in the future because the UDHR shows articles that talk about our rights and how everyone has them. we also learned about, Esperanza rising, about rain forests, and much more. When we started to learn about rain forests we learned many  amazing things, but we also learned that a lot of animals are in danger of extinction. For example, the happy faced spider. We also have had events like comic-con.Comic-con is when we dress up as our favorite super hero and the topic we chose about super heroes  and we present it to others. Our world has many new things for us to learn and that starts with us as students in school. We learn many things we haven't before and this will help us in the future. Everyday is an adventure for us to become wonderful smart students. Although we may get stuck in things, we have great  teachers to guide us through. I know that we all are future ready for anything!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
35 Facts of Tropical RainForest - Conserve Energy Future

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Rainforest is described as tall, hot and dense forest near the equator and is believed to be the oldest living ecosystems on Earth which gets maximum amount of rainfall. If you don't know too much about tropical rainforests, then you will probably be surprised to find that there are a few little known facts out there about them.

# data[].attributes.body
This year we learned a lot. One thing we learned is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This taught us a lot. The Universal Declaration of Human rights is all the humans rights everyone should have. This will prepare us for the future because it tells you what you can do and what you can't do.

# data[].attributes.body
Every lesson this year has guided us to be ready for our future. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Articles, Esperanza Rising,  Comic Con, Rain forests animals, and so on has taught all of us many different things. Throughout this year our learning ability has increased a lot more from when we first entered this class. Even thought we still get stuck on some subjects, and we make mistakes, we always have our teachers by our side to help us learn more from our mistakes. You make ask, what does it mean to be future ready. Future ready is being prepared and valuable for anything that comes next, as in our future. This class has learned to work together as one for the past 6\7 months due to our events,projects, and has learned what it is to be prepared for anything that comes next. In conclusion, this is why I think 5th grade is Future Ready!

# data[].attributes.body
I think the whole fifth grade is on their way to becoming something, maybe something big and it all starts right here with your bottom on the chair and your hands at the keypad, and I'll tell you why it all starts here in school. Through the years you learn more as you get older and the older you get the more your exposed to the world and all it's up's and down's and all the wonders and beauties of the it. Though you have to learn how to look at those wonders and that's by learning it in school in all the classes you might have, including science where you learn about the basic figures of life and about the ages of the prehistoric beasts that once roamed the earth, you also learn about non earthly things like the other planet's and other solar systems of the giant Universe. We learn about the history of the world in Social Studies, and how the      United States was founded, and about all different events in time that had a big impact on the world like the slave trade, and the Colombian Exchange. While us the students are in Social Studies we are ready for the next class and the next and specifically in language arts that's where all the magic, I'll tell what I mean. In language arts our teacher Adriana Rodriguez or as we call her Ms. Rodriguez, she opens our 10-12 year old minds and she shows us this happy fun world and she lets us do fun activities that us students came up with. I have to say Ms. Rodriguez as some good ideas that she improvised on with us students, together all of us made Comic Con, we'er going to make a literacy cafe and we'er even doing a play on a book we read called Esperanza Rising, I personally think Ms. Rodriguez brings out the inner happiness in us all, the principle said himself!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Comic Con at Albio Sires Elementary School

# data[].attributes.body
“Everything that we learned in every class is going to help us in the future”. For example, this year we learned about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights this can help us tell what is and isn't right in the future.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
I will respect your rights regardless of who you are. I will uphold your rights even when I disagree with you

When anyone's human rights are denied, everyone's rights are undermined, so I will stand up

I will raise my voice. I will take action. I will use my rights to stand up for your rights.

people have stood up for human rights

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
70th anniversary of the universal declaration of human rights

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I will respect your rights regardless of who you are. I will uphold your rights even when I disagree with you When anyone's human rights are denied, everyone's rights are undermined, so I will stand up I will raise my voice. I will take action.

# data[].attributes.body
This year we have learned about the universal declaration of human rights. This will help use in the future because we will know what rights we have .For example if someone wont let you buy a house you will know the rights you have and that will let the person understand that you are a loud to buy the house.

# data[].attributes.body
We have learned many things this year, such as the  Universal Declaration of Human Rights. I think that this would help in the future because is very important to know the  Universal Declaration of Human Rights, because it`s humans rights.  If we don`t know that.  We would not be following these rights, and that`s wrong.  For example, "Esperanza Rising".  Some parts of this  book talk about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Like when Esperanza and Miguel went to the market,and then Esperanza asked why don`t they go to a closer market. Miguel said that other markets won`t welcome them as good because they are from different places.

# data[].attributes.body
I think our class is future ready because we have learned a lot though out the year. Future ready is     being ready to be valuable , and to produce value in groups and responsibility. The reason I think we are ready is because we have been though a lot like Comic con and coming up The rain forest cafe. We have also done projects in science and Social Studies. However, I will be talking about the rain forest cafe. The rain forest cafe is coming up and our project for the rain forest. After everything my class has done whether it's a project, essay, or script. I believe if we try we will get even better. That's why I think we are FUTURE READY!!!!! https://images.app.goo.gl/nH7z5eKefpmR77E19      < -------- also click here   ---------------------->https://images.app.goo.gl/4KaowvRqWfqHkD2f9

# data[].attributes.body
being ready means being prepared to be valuable and to produce value in groups.the future is an element that exist "over there". The future is really right now. Which requires us to be in the movement and to act within it and our class is just that. It teaches us subjects that we are going to need in the future. Our schools does this because we have and event coming us which is about a play about a book called Esperanza rising. this book is about a girl that faces many challenges in her life. This play will help us in the future because it teaches us drama, writing, and creativity. these are the subjects that the future wants. they don't care how much you know and what you know they want creativity because in the future they want people that can use there mind to make new products they want people who know how to write because that is how we communicate when we are not face to face, and they want drama to make movies, shows, and commercials. this is what they want in the future and this is what our class is teaching us to do. This is why our school and class is future ready. We are proud to be a future ready school.

# data[].attributes.body
In class we read a novel called, "Esperanza Rising." This novel is  about how a girl named Esperanza. Esperanza and her family had a good life in Mexico, but then when some bad events happened it changes their family forever. It was a good  book to read, in this political age because the book teaches you how to stand up for your self and to challenge big problems because in this era people are facing immigration and people being treated horribly from where there from. In math we learned things that will help us in the future like fractions. In Social Studies we learned about world events by watching CNN 10. In science we did projects that involve us experimenting with technology.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Pam Muñoz Ryan Reads Esperanza Rising | Scholastic

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Pam Muñoz Ryan reads aloud an excerpt from Esperanza Rising in which El Rancho de las Rosas is set ablaze.

# data[].attributes.body
Everything that we learned in every class is going to help us in the future . For example the UDHR is going to help me because then I can say what is wrong and what is right . The other thing is that in another class we learned history and then we can teach what our teachers thought us in there class .  . In the science class we learned how to do experiments . For example we can teach how to do experiments to other kids the they can teach what they learned . One way that it will Last is that in math I learned many thing so in the future I would would help cashers to see if they know there math and see how much change they have to get back .
That was what I learned

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
For years, the story told about the Amazon has been one of destruction - the world's largest rainforest, a region of amazing biodiversity, key to the fight against climate change, being remorselessly felled. But that is no longer the whole truth.

The Environment Agency special ops team gathered in a sultry town right on the southern edge of the Amazon. A group of officers, men and women, were relaxing in the shade of a majestic mango tree outside their offices. They were smoking and chatting.

These aren't bureaucrats with crumpled suits and clipboards. In Brazil, environment agents wear military fatigues, with heavy black pistols slung casually on their thighs.

These officers are, as I was to discover, soldiers on the front line in what Brazil regards as a war - a war to protect the Amazon rainforest.

I'd been invited along on one of the agency's routine raids in the jungle. The idea was to target a gang of illegal loggers the satellite monitoring team had spotted working in the forest.

On a map pinned to the wall, three commanders were working out strategies and logistics, just like a military operation. I was starting to feel distinctly anxious.

"Are the loggers likely to be armed?" I asked.

"Don't worry about guns," said the lead officer, Evandro Selva. "They're only likely to have hunting rifles. Nothing serious."

Nothing serious?

Moments later, we were in a pickup truck on our way to the airstrip and before I knew it, Evandro was urging me into the helicopter, its blades already scything through the humid air.

I just had time to strap myself in before he gestured for take-off and the ground shrank away. The pilot banked the craft round and off we thudded towards our target.

I was in Brazil to report on that rare thing, an environmental battle that is actually being won. For decades, pretty much the only story we've heard from the Amazon is about the remorseless tide of destruction sweeping through the forest.

The received wisdom has always been that it is unstoppable. It is certainly true that the economic logic of deforestation is powerful - land in the Amazon is worth far more if the trees are cut down. But I was here to discover the remarkable progress Brazil has made in silencing the chainsaws.

My journey was to take me across the southern Amazon, the area the Brazilians call "the arc of destruction" - a grey area between civilisation and one of the world's last true wildernesses.

For years it was a vision of hell here. Vast fires swept through the forest while the chainsaws whined, and armoured tractors roared as they grubbed up the roots of the great Amazonian trees.

We could see the fruits of all this labour from the window of the helicopter. We flew over vast open fields, some many kilometres square that have been carved out of the virgin forest just in the last decade or so.

An hour into our flight, Evandro signalled that we were nearing the target. We were over what looked to me like pristine jungle when suddenly the carpet of trees gave way and a vast clearing opened up beneath us.

Swimming with a cayman

I am still amazed that John Carter, an ex-US special forces soldier turned sustainability campaigner, persuaded me to swim with the 6ft (2m) cayman in the river by his Amazonian ranch.

It was only once we were actually in the water that I thought to ask what to do if the beast dived.

"Get out quick," John said without hesitation. "That means it is about to attack."

"I thought you told me it wouldn't attack us!" I said.

"I said I didn't think it would," he corrected me. "It's taken six of my dogs."

Even I could tell they had been freshly cut. There were still some trees standing - tall fragile-looking Brazil nut trees - but on the ground were great rough mounds of branches and brush. I could see open scars in the red earth where the machines had gouged their passage.

Over the headphones I could hear excited shouting in Portuguese. One of the officers pointed down. I saw a truck piled high with tree trunks and a tractor in front of it. Beside it were two, possibly three men, looking up at the helicopter.

We wheeled around and pilot started to bring the helicopter down. It kicked up a storm of dust and dry leaves. The rotors seemed perilously close to the trees. I hung on tight.

Then we were on the ground and running. The truck and tractor were still there but, of course, the culprits had fled.

"They'll be back," Evandro said confidently. "We'll just hide here and wait for them."

The three officers hid among the logs and branches, pistols in their hands. Cameraman Keith Morris and I also took cover. Meanwhile, the helicopter flew off in another flurry of leaves and red earth.

Then all was silent. Just the five of us crouching silently in the hot sun, clouds of tiny bees swarming around our faces and hands.

How can this possibly stop the onslaught, I thought to myself.

In the decade between 1996 and 2005, 19,500 sq km (7,530 sq miles) of jungle was lost on average every single year. The comparison is overused, but that really is an area about the size of Wales or New Jersey each year. It reached a peak in 2004 when more than 27,000 sq km was lost.

Then, in 2004 Brazil declared war - it said it would cut deforestation by 80% by 2020.

Seven years later and it has almost reached its goal. The latest figures, released just weeks ago, show that 2011 had the lowest rates of deforestation since records began three decades ago - just over 6,200 sq km was cut. That's 78% down on 2004, still a lot of trees - an area the about the size of Devon, or Delaware - but a huge improvement.

Of course, the Brazilian government cannot claim all the credit. On my journey across the arc of destruction I met a bizarre cast of characters all of whom are playing a role:

John Carter, a Texan cayman-wrestling ex-US Special Forces soldier turned Amazonian rancher whose alliance of farmers and ranchers is working to improve land management on farms in the Amazon

The indigenous Amazonian Indians who have been recruited as "smoke jumpers" - forest fire-fighters

One of the most efficient agricultural enterprises on the planet - an Amazonian soya farm - by the multibillionaire they call the "King of Soya", who now claims to be an environmentalist

Greenpeace's swashbuckling pilot, Fernando Galvao Bezerra, a veteran of many of Greenpeace's successful campaigns, who earned his pilot's wings ferrying miners, prostitutes and priests into some of the most remote and dangerous places in the jungle

In one of the most remote states in the entire Amazon, a condom factory in the jungle makes the world's first rainforest-friendly rubbers using latex harvested from wild rubber trees in the jungle

But for the moment I was still hunched in the bushes, the first twinges of cramp in my leg and a river of sweat running down my back. We had been waiting half an hour when - just like in the movies - I heard a branch snap underfoot and suddenly the officers were up and running.

Find out more

Crossing Continents is broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on Thursday, 5 January at 11:00 GMT and on Monday, 9 January at 20:30 GMT

You can listen again using the link below

Listen again or download the podcast
Hope
Crossing Continents is on BBC Radio 4 on Thursday, 5 January at 11:00 GMT and on Monday, 9 January at 20:30 GMT. Listen again via the BBC iPlayer or by downloading the podcast.
"Para ai! Para ai!" they shouted - "Stop right there!"

I saw a man in a ragged T-shirt dive into the dirt, arms wide as if he had been crucified. Another hesitated on the edge of the forest. The officer in front of me fired his gun. The man turned and darted off into the trees.

In all, the officers arrested five men and impounded three trucks and two tractors. I'd been nervous about confronting these guys but they seemed rather pathetic, smoking rollups in their scruffy clothes. The agents, however, seemed very content with their haul.

We hitched a lift back to the helicopter sitting on top of a pile of huge tree trunks on the back of a truck the enforcement officers had seized from the loggers. As we bounced back through the jungle, I couldn't help feeling a great sense of hope.

Of course, the fact that there is still an illegal logging operation like this just an hour's helicopter ride from a major Brazilian city shows that there is still huge pressure on the forest. But extraordinary as it sounds, it really does seem as if the war to stop the destruction of Amazon rainforest is being won.

What's more this is happening before it is too late, because what most people don't realise is just how much of the forest is still standing. Satellite images confirm almost 80% of the Amazon is still intact.

What an inspiring thought to begin the New Year, I thought, as the battered old truck coughed and wheezed its way along the dusty path between the towering trees.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How the Amazon rainforest is being saved

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
For years, the story told about the Amazon has been one of destruction - the world's largest rainforest, a region of amazing biodiversity, key to the fight against climate change, being remorselessly felled. But that is no longer the whole truth.

# data[].attributes.body
We are learning many things in the fifth grade that are preparing us for the future. For example we have learned about the rain forest. This was a topic that interested me,  and now I want to help the rain forest, because I have learned that the health of the rain forest relies on me and humans rely on the rain forest.The animals who live in the rain forest are losing homes for logging.The people who are doing logging are making the animals from the rain forest  lose there homes. Logging is also our problem too, because trees could be use as paper and we need it for work.We could help this from using less paper form the trees and people could start planting seeding so there could be more trees for the animals to stay safe.There could be a ways to safe the animals and the rain forest.When I grow up I could safe the animals and I could stop logging.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Deforestation from clearcut logging is highly disruptive to biodiversity, whereas the effects of selective logging are less definitive. Due to the removal of seed sources, clearcut logging prevents the natural regrowth of endemic species. However, clearcut logging of natural forests in the tropics also occurs when farmers and ranchers are expanding cropland and pastures, and is not used as a means for sustained timber harvesting.

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout this year, we've learned a lot in Language Arts. One of these things were  was  the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. What is the Declaration of Human Rights? The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the rights that everyone every where should have. To go along with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, we read, " Esperanza Rising" by Pam Munoz Ryan. Once finished with Esperanza Rising, we were told that we will be acting in and producing our own play. This can prepare us for the future by teaching us how to work together and people who would possibly like to become an actor someday, their moment to shine.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Use our free chapter-by-chapter summary and analysis of Esperanza Rising. It helps middle and high school students understand Pam Muñoz Ryan's literary masterpiece.

# data[].attributes.body
I believe our class is future ready because of the many things we have learned throughout the year. One of the things that we learned about was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights  taught us about the rights we should have. In the future the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can help us because if one of the rights that we learned about is violated we can do something about it. This way we can have a successful future where we are all equal and have the rights we deserve.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
I will respect your rights regardless of who you are. I will uphold your rights even when I disagree with you

When anyone's human rights are denied, everyone's rights are undermined, so I will stand up

I will raise my voice. I will take action. I will use my rights to stand up for your rights.

people have stood up for human rights

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
70th anniversary of the universal declaration of human rights

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I will respect your rights regardless of who you are. I will uphold your rights even when I disagree with you When anyone's human rights are denied, everyone's rights are undermined, so I will stand up I will raise my voice. I will take action.

# data[].attributes.body
We are future ready, because this class knows how to work an in teams and also work by themselves. We also get things done. We are not a perfect class we still have ups and downs, but doesn't everyone. We love having fun with Ms. Rodriguez especially when we did comic con. She makes are assignments easier for us. We learned about human rights if she wouldn't have taught us about that I would have never known. We should be thanking Ms. Rodriguez for making us the future.
For Example when Ms. Rodriguez taught us about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights I learned that everybody has rights.
When we grow up and somebody says we can't do that we tell them that we human rights and we can because it says we can that is why we are future ready.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights," reads Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

December 10, Human Rights Day, kicks off a year-long campaign to mark the 70 th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 2018. Here are six facts you may not know about this groundbreaking declaration

1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone document in history; the United Nations notes that "it sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected."

2. The declaration is "generally agreed to be the foundation of international human rights law " and has inspired more than 80 international human rights treaties and declarations, according to the UN.

3. The UN General Assembly adopted the declaration on December 10, 1948. While progress has been made in upholding human rights, violations continue, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights continues to remind us that we all have human rights and we must stand up for them.

4. It is the most translated document in the world with over 500 translations in different languages. UN Human Rights Officer Elena Ippoliti, who started the translation project, said, "This project was meant to be a message of unity within diversity - fostering the sense of our common humanity embodied in the UDHR while embracing and valuing our diversity."

5. Eleanor Roosevelt was chair of the declaration's drafting committee, which included members from around the world - a sign of the universality of human rights.

6. The declaration includes a preamble and 30 articles expanding on the human rights of all people, from freedom of expression to freedom from torture to the right to equality before the law.

In a message for Human Rights Day in 2017, UN Secretary-General António Guterres, said:

"While human rights abuses did not end when the Universal Declaration was adopted, the Declaration has helped countless people to gain greater freedom and security. It has helped to prevent violations, obtain justice for wrongs, and strengthen national and international human rights laws and safeguards."

Human rights are integral to the daily lives of every person on the planet; securing human rights is also a key pillar of the work of the United Nations and essential to achieving peace and progress.

As former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein said about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

"It was drawn up to cover not only civil and political rights, but also social, economic and cultural rights, in the full understanding that you cannot have development without human rights and you cannot have a full enjoyment of human rights without development - and peace and security depend on both."

The UN Human Rights Office, noting today's threats to human rights around the world, is calling on every person to be a human rights champion. Visit its website to get involved.
To commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, join the UN's #StandUp4HumanRights campaign to promote and defend universal human rights.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
About the Universal Declaration of Human Rights | unfoundation.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights," reads Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. December 10, Human Rights Day, kicks off a year-long campaign to mark the 70 th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 2018.

# data[].attributes.body
We are Future Ready for many reasons!!!!!!!!

# data[].attributes.body
why do you think what you learned this year will help you with your future

# data[].attributes.headline
This year the whole 5th grade has read Esperanza rising.All of us has learned that we are all '' future ready'' because we did a lot of more fun things like Comic Con!We also reviewed the endangered spices, the rainforest and   the UDHR a.k.a Universal Declaration of Human Rights.We reviewed a lot of things that why we are ''future ready''.Another reason why we are future ready is because  we all had fun with Mr.Rodriguez.But she inspired us because we did a lot of good projects and  work with her.Esperanza rising taught me a lesson that if something bad happens to your family or other thing don't give up because something beautiful will happen  in the future. 

# data[].attributes.subject
This year the whole 5th grade has read Esperanza rising.All of us has learned that we are all '' future ready'' because we did a lot of more fun things like Comic Con!We also reviewed the endangered spices, the rainforest and   the UDHR a.k.a Universal Declaration of Human Rights.We reviewed a lot of things that why we are ''future ready''.Another reason why we are future ready is because  we all had fun with Mr.Rodriguez.But she inspired us because we did a lot of good projects and  work with her.Esperanza rising taught me a lesson that if something bad happens to your family or other thing don't give up because something beautiful will happen  in the future. 

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Origin

Tropical rainforests represent the oldest major vegetation type still present on the terrestrial Earth. Like all vegetation, however, that of the rainforest continues to evolve and change, so modern tropical rainforests are not identical with rainforests of the geologic past.

Tropical rainforests grow mainly in three regions: the Malesian botanical subkingdom, which extends from Myanmar (Burma) to Fiji and includes the whole of Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu and parts of Indochina and tropical Australia; tropical South and Central America, especially the Amazon basin; and West and Central Africa ( see biogeographic region). Smaller areas of tropical rainforest occur elsewhere in the tropics wherever climate is suitable. The principal areas of tropical deciduous forest (or monsoon forests) are in India, the Myanmar- Vietnam-southern coastal China region, and eastern Brazil, with smaller areas in South and Central America north of the Equator, the West Indies, southeastern Africa, and northern Australia.

The flowering plants ( angiosperms) first evolved and diversified during the Cretaceous Period about 100 million years ago, during which time global climatic conditions were warmer and wetter than those of the present. The vegetation types that evolved were the first tropical rainforests, which blanketed most of Earth's land surfaces at that time. Only later-during the middle of the Paleogene Period, about 40 million years ago-did cooler, drier climates develop, leading to the development across large areas of other vegetation types.

It is no surprise, therefore, to find the greatest diversity of flowering plants today in the tropical rainforests where they first evolved. Of particular interest is the fact that the majority of flowering plants displaying the most primitive characteristics are found in rainforests (especially tropical rainforests) in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, particularly South America, northern Australia and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia, and some larger South Pacific islands. Of the 13 angiosperm families generally recognized as the most primitive, all but two- Magnoliaceae and Winteraceae-are overwhelmingly tropical in their present distribution. Three families-Illiciaceae, Magnoliaceae, and Schisandraceae-are found predominantly in Northern Hemisphere rainforests. Five families-Amborellaceae, Austrobaileyaceae, Degeneriaceae, Eupomatiaceae, and Himantandraceae-are restricted to rainforests in the tropical Australasian region. Members of the Winteraceae are shared between this latter region and South America, those of the Lactoridaceae grow only on the southeast Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, members of the Canellaceae are shared between South America and Africa, and two families- Annonaceae and Myristicaceae-generally occur in tropical regions. This has led some authorities to suggest that the original cradle of angiosperm evolution might lie in Gondwanaland, a supercontinent of the Southern Hemisphere thought to have existed in the Mesozoic Era (252 to 66 million years ago) and consisted of Africa, South America, Australia, peninsular India, and Antarctica. An alternative explanation for this geographic pattern is that in the Southern Hemisphere, especially on islands, there are more refugia-i.e., isolated areas whose climates remained unaltered while those of the surrounding areas changed, enabling archaic life-forms to persist.

The first angiosperms are thought to have been massive, woody plants appropriate for a rainforest habitat. Most of the smaller, more delicate plants that are so widespread in the world today evolved later, ultimately from tropical rainforest ancestors. While it is possible that even earlier forms existed that await discovery, the oldest angiosperm fossils- leaves, wood, fruits, and flowers derived from trees-support the view that the earliest angiosperms were rainforest trees. Further evidence comes from the growth forms of the most primitive surviving angiosperms: all 13 of the most primitive angiosperm families consist of woody plants, most of which are large trees.

As the world climate cooled in the middle of the Cenozoic, it also became drier. This is because cooler temperatures led to a reduction in the rate of evaporation of water from, in particular, the surface of the oceans, which led in turn to less cloud formation and less precipitation. The entire hydrologic cycle slowed, and tropical rainforests-which depend on both warmth and consistently high rainfall-became increasingly restricted to equatorial latitudes. Within those regions rainforests were limited further to coastal and hilly areas where abundant rain still fell at all seasons. In the middle latitudes of both hemispheres, belts of atmospheric high pressure developed. Within these belts, especially in continental interiors, deserts formed ( see desert: Origin). In regions lying between the wet tropics and the deserts, climatic zones developed in which rainfall adequate for luxuriant plant growth was experienced for only a part of the year. In these areas new plant forms evolved from tropical rainforest ancestors to cope with seasonally dry weather, forming tropical deciduous forests. In the drier and more fire-prone places, savannas and tropical grasslands developed.

Retreat of the rainforests was particularly rapid during the period beginning 5,000,000 years ago leading up to and including the Pleistocene Ice Ages, or glacial intervals, that occurred between 2,600,000 and 11,700 years ago. Climates fluctuated throughout this time, forcing vegetation in all parts of the world to repeatedly migrate, by seed dispersal, to reach areas of suitable climate. Not all plants were able to do this equally well because some had less-effective means of seed dispersal than others. Many extinctions resulted. During the most extreme periods (the glacial maxima, when climates were at their coldest and, in most places, also driest), the range of tropical rainforests shrank to its smallest extent, becoming restricted to relatively small refugia. Alternating intervals of climatic amelioration led to repeated range expansion, most recently from the close of the last glacial period about 10,000 years ago. Today large areas of tropical rainforest, such as Amazonia, have developed as a result of this relatively recent expansion. Within them it is possible to recognize "hot spots" of plant and animal diversity that have been interpreted as glacial refugia.

Tropical rainforests today represent a treasure trove of biological heritage, and they also serve as sinks for more than 50 percent of all atmospheric carbon dioxide absorbed by plants annually. They not only retain many primitive plant and animal species but also are communities that exhibit unparalleled biodiversity and a great variety of ecological interactions. The tropical rainforest of Africa was the habitat in which the ancestors of humans evolved, and it is where the nearest surviving human relatives- chimpanzees and gorillas-live still. Tropical rainforests supplied a rich variety of food and other resources to indigenous peoples, who, for the most part, exploited this bounty without degrading the vegetation or reducing its range to any significant degree. However, in some regions a long history of forest burning by the inhabitants is thought to have caused extensive replacement of tropical rainforest and tropical deciduous forest with savanna.

Not until the past century, however, has widespread destruction of tropical forests occurred. Regrettably, tropical rainforests and tropical deciduous forests are now being destroyed at a rapid rate in order to provide resources such as timber and to create land that can be used for other purposes, such as cattle grazing ( see deforestation). Today tropical forests, more than any other ecosystem, are experiencing habitat alteration and species extinction on a greater scale and at a more rapid pace than at any other time in their history-at least since the major extinction event (the K-T extinction) at the end of the Cretaceous Period, some 66 million years ago ( see Sidebar: Status of the World's Tropical Forests).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Tropical rainforest | Definition, Characteristics, Location, Climate, Animals, Plants, & Facts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Tropical rainforest, luxuriant forest found in wet tropical uplands and lowlands near the Equator. Tropical rainforests are dominated by broad-leaved trees that form a dense upper canopy and contain a wide array of vegetation and other life. Worldwide, they make up one of Earth's largest biomes (major life zones).

# data[].attributes.body
We have been doing so many things this year. For example, like Comic Con, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Esperanza Rising, Endanger Spices, and the rain-forest. We have to hand in assignments on a date. Many of our teachers give us homework or a project that is due on a date. My teachers help me get really organize with myself because we had to have everything ready for each class and give a assignments on a date. When I get older and start owning a house or apartment, we have to pay bills every month and keep all of our work organized because if I don't pay my bills I will get kicked out of my apartment or house. Also, if we don't be organized all of our papers will be in random places. This can help me when I get older because not only I can be organize and hand my work on time. I can't get stress when I have to find something because I will be organize and have a place to live because I will pay my bills on time https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/focused.html

# data[].attributes.headline
My class is Future Ready, because it is student lead. Learning is initiated by the curiosities of my students, thus creating intrinsically motivated, life long lovers of learning.

# data[].attributes.subject
My class is Future Ready, because it is student lead. Learning is initiated by the curiosities of my students, thus creating intrinsically motivated, life long lovers of learning.

# data[].attributes.headline
Why the things we do and  learn are fun.

# data[].attributes.subject
Why the things we do and  learn are fun.

# data[].attributes.body
The things we do that are fun are comic con and projects I think comic con was fun because we get to express ourselves of like who are our superheros and what we like. The things we learn are fun because we get to do projects on them and cool things.

# data[].attributes.body
Now, I believe our class is "Future Ready." We have done many creative projects. For example, let's talk about Comic Con. Comic Con was created for our class, and by our class to show our school and parents about all our hero's. This helped our class, because we got a chance to share our ideas about each other, and this helped us build leadership skills. It was wonderful!

Also,  we have just recently started a project, about the problem's of the rain forest and possible ways we could fix it. We have built many things, brainstormed, and most importantly this year I learned how I learn.

I think we're, "Future Ready!"

# data[].attributes.body
We are Future Ready

# data[].attributes.body
A few months ago our fifth grade class hosted our school's first Comic Con. It was great, because we got to show case the superhero and what we wanted to talk about, within each of us. We use google slides to create a presentation. To make what we like and what we wanted to talk about and when someone came up to see what we did. When we used technology for google slides or google docs we can always make it better until we get it perfect then we can print are final draft. Time might be endless but are creativity is not.

# data[].attributes.body
We where working on a project and an essay for the rain forest how the population of the animals are dying because of us humans cutting trees so we can live in a house and that is not helping them that is killing them and its is not right this will help me in the future