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Malcolm Douglas - The Lost Tribe (1976) 21 mins.

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What is The Name Of Andy's Neighbor In Toy Story? , What Are The Names Of The Seven Dwarfs In Snow White? , Who Is The Fashion Designer In The Incredibles? , Which Disney Character Sings "How Far I'll Go"?, All You Need is a Little Faith, Trust, And What Else?

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Materials that allow electricity to move through it easily, Plastic, glass, and rubber are good examples of, In this circuit, if one lightbulb goes out, the others will too, In a series circuit, what will happen to the brightness of the lightbulbs if another lightbulb is added?

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Generating power from a modified washing machine

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Generating power from a modified washing machine

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Free Power for 16 years from a modified Washing Machine / Water Wheel

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DC and AC in regards to a car alternator

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DC and AC in regards to a car alternator

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How Alternators Work - Automotive Electricity Generator

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Experiment with an electronics kit! Build circuits with batteries, resistors, ideal and non-Ohmic light bulbs, fuses, and switches. Determine if everyday objects are conductors or insulators, and take measurements with an ammeter and voltmeter. View the circuit as a schematic diagram, or switch to a lifelike view.

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Discover how the human eye turns light into vision with this interactive educational tool. Learn about the anatomy of the eye and what each unique part of the eye is used for. Choose Vision Direct for low prices & next day delivery.

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Description
This is a simulation demonstrating the optics of the human eye. It also shows how various lenses can be used to correct for faulty vision. Be aware that it is a simplified version of what actually happens. In the simulation, there is no bending when light moves from the air into the eye (when most of the actual bending happens). Instead, in the simulation only the bendings that happen in the lens of the eye (or in the corrective lenses) is shown.

Move the object closer to or farther from the eye (drag the object or use the Object Position slider). Use the focus slider to change the shape of the lens of the eye to adjust its focal length. When the refracted rays in the eye come together on the retina, the image is in focus. In some special cases you have the option to see how corrective eyewear can be used to overcome vision problems like nearsightedness and farsightedness. Adjust the Overlay Eye Anatomy slider to see a detailed image of the anatomy of the eye.

Some Questions:
What is different about the rays of light that reach the eye from an object near the eye, as compared to rays that come from an object far from the eye?
What is nearsightedness? In nearsightedness, what is the issue with the lens? What type of lens can correct for this?
What is farsightedness? In farsightedness, what is the issue with the lens? What type of lens can correct for this?
What about a person that needs bi-focals? What is the issue with the lens? What type of lens can correct for this?

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Description This is a simulation demonstrating the optics of the human eye. It also shows how various lenses can be used to correct for faulty vision. Be aware that it is a simplified version of what actually happens. In the simulation, there is no bending when light moves from the air into the eye (when most of the actual bending happens).

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Fake science ICT

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Reflection and Refraction ICT Task

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This programme familiarises students with the features of acids and bases, and discusses their physical and chemical properties. The pH scale is introduced with examples ...

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From marine life conservation to volcanic DIYs, this episode we'll see all kinds of chemistry on this very reactive episode: where the ordinary becomes extraordinary.

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How to speed up chemical reactions (and get a date) - Aaron Sams

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How to make the perfect cookies (according to science) - Stephanie Warren

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9.1 class code: SQ9KYJ
9.4 class code 5697JV

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Interactive science lessons based on real-world issues. The benefits of your favourite science textbook, workbook, videos, simulations, and assessments combined into a seamless teaching and learning experience.

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What triggers a chemical reaction? - Kareem Jarrah

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'Brinicle' ice finger of death (Tipper – Trenched)

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ABC: Scientist investigating Australia's past says Indigenous cultural burning key to controlling bushfires

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ABC: Scientist investigating Australia's past says Indigenous cultural burning key to controlling bushfires

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Informative article from ABC

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Nestled beside one of Melbourne's busiest roads, sits the Bolin Bolin Billabong - a site of immense cultural significance for the traditional owners, the Wurundjeri people.

Part of a once-vast wetland that flowed into the Yarra River, it's known to them as Birrarung.

It used to be rich in native foods such as waterfowl, fish, eels and plants.

For associate professor in earth sciences and Wiradjuri man Michael Shawn Fletcher, it's still rich - in priceless data.

His scientific analysis of this muddy waterhole gives an extraordinary window into the past.

A sedimentary storybook

Dr Fletcher is a geographer who studies high-resolution images of fossils, organic material and charcoal trapped in sedimentary layers often deep in the earth.

All of it has been trapped, compressed and preserved over centuries.

To him, it's like a sedimentary storybook.

"[It is important] to unpack the history of landscape change from Aboriginal management through to the modern day, not only for how we manage this country but understanding how it operates," Dr Fletcher said.

"This is really, really fundamental information."

Varieties of pollen reveal what plants were once present. Charcoal tells the story of fire regimes. Geochemical changes indicate the frequency of floods.

All of it helps reconstruct a picture of the past and chart environmental changes over time.

The long, cylindrical earth samples can sometimes date back thousands of years. Amongst them are stark evidence of dramatic environmental change - and it happened comparatively recently.

"The biggest change that we see most uniformly in the last 10,000 years on this continent is the invasion by the British and a removal of cultural burning from landscapes," Dr Fletcher said.

A practice disrupted

Dr Fletcher's' work may be providing the most compelling data yet about the crucial role of fire in Australia's ecology.

Cultural burning is the Indigenous people's practice of skilfully using low-intensity or "cool" fires to manage the landscape.

It removes the fine fuels on the forest floor, such as fallen leaves and twigs, or consumes dry grass to promote new, green growth.

In much of northern Australia, this traditional practice has never stopped. In southern Australia, however, European settlement severely disrupted traditional Indigenous life.

Some colonists, fearful of fire, saw cultural burning as an act of resistance.

The removal of fire from the landscape soon had drastic consequences.

The catastrophic Black Thursday Bushfires in February 1851 burnt 5 million hectares of Victoria.

It was a chilling portent of the nation being periodically scorched by catastrophic bushfires in the years to come.

In his laboratory at the Earth Sciences Building at the University of Melbourne, Dr Fletcher has a core sample from Bolin Bolin that marks the grim event that was the Black Thursday Bushfires.

It is a lump of charcoal the size of a thumbnail that has been dated to about 1850.

Learning from the past

Dr Fletcher's findings are profoundly important for understanding the past. Crucially, they point to how we approach the future.

"We see a shift from an open-forest system to a closed-forest system in all the examples that we've analysed," he said.

"Universally, across landscapes that [are] not now farms, we see open forests turning into closed forests.

"In terms of fire, that's a ramping up of fuel levels.

"We have really densely stocked forests now that are really high in flammable biomass - that is a real danger."

The study of pollens and other organic matter from earth samples also indicates a loss of plant biodiversity.

Many less flammable species have disappeared, replaced by highly combustible eucalypts.

Dr Fletcher believes the loss of cool, mosaic burning since European settlement has left us, as a nation, dangerously fire prone.

"It has created a situation where we have connected incredibly flammable overstocked forests that go for hundreds, if not thousands, of kilometres across the south-east Australian seaboard," he said.

Experts say radical change needed

This groundbreaking work has some sizeable support, including from prominent Indigenous leader and academic Marcia Langton, who is also a geographer and anthropologist.

Professor Langton has been a long-time advocate of restoring Indigenous people's burning practices across the continent.

She believes that if we are to avoid catastrophic wildfires such as the Black Saturday and Black Summer events, we need radical changes to fire prevention and management.

"Take a commonsense view, adapting to the Aboriginal way of managing country, using science and coming to grips with this Australian landscape and its ecologies, and not importing European ideas here which frankly have been disastrous for the country," she said.

There are now some 850 Indigenous ranger groups across Australia, nearly all of which use cultural burning as part of their environmental management.

With predictions that a warming climate will see more extreme fire events, Dr Fletcher's scientific work is attracting global attention.

"That ties in to some of the big challenges we're facing now, such as catastrophic wildfires and biodiversity loss," he said.

Professor Langton agreed.

"I think we're at a critical point in Australia's history," she said.
Watch this story on ABC TV's Landline this Sunday at 12:30pm or on iview.

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Scientist investigating Australia's past says Indigenous cultural burning key to controlling bushfires

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Nestled beside one of Melbourne's busiest roads, sits the Bolin Bolin Billabong - a site of immense cultural significance for the traditional owners, the Wurundjeri people. Part of a once-vast wetland that flowed into the Yarra River, it's known to them as Birrarung.

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Interviews indigenous people about their cultural burning practices to reduce fuel loads in areas that are prone to bush fires on the south eastern coast of Australia.

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Hear how Victoria's devastating Marysville bushfires unfolded from those who made it out - through not entirely unscathed.

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This lists the logos of programs or partners of NG Education which have provided or contributed the content on this page. Partner

Background Info Questions Fast Facts Vocabulary

In 1977, scientists exploring the Galápagos Rift along the mid-ocean ridge in the eastern Pacific noticed a series of temperature spikes in their data. They wondered how deep-ocean temperatures could change so drastically-from near freezing to 400 °C (750 °F)-in such a short distance. The scientists had made a fascinating discovery-deep-sea hydrothermal vents. They also realized that an entirely unique ecosystem, including hundreds of new species, existed around the vents. Despite the extreme temperatures and pressures, toxic minerals, and lack of sunlight that characterized the deep-sea vent ecosystem, the species living there were thriving. Scientists later realized that bacteria were converting the toxic vent minerals into usable forms of energy through a process called chemosynthesis, providing food for other vent organisms.

Hydrothermal vents are like geysers, or hot springs, on the ocean floor. Along mid-ocean ridges where tectonic plates spread apart, magma rises and cools to form new crust and volcanic mountain chains. Seawater circulates deep in the ocean's crust and becomes super-heated by hot magma. As pressure builds and the seawater warms, it begins to dissolve minerals and rise toward the surface of the crust. The hot, mineral-rich waters then exit the oceanic crust and mix with the cool seawater above. As the vent minerals cool and solidify into mineral deposits, they form different types of hydrothermal vent structures.

Hydrothermal vent structures are characterized by different physical and chemical factors, including the minerals, temperatures, and flow levels of their plumes. Black smokers emit the hottest, darkest plumes, which are high in sulfur content and form chimneys up to 18 stories tall, or 55 meters (180 feet). The plumes of white smokers are lightly colored and rich in barium, calcium, and silicon. Compared to black smokers, white smokers usually emit cooler plumes and form smaller chimneys. Vents with even cooler, weaker flows are often called seeps. They appear to shimmer because of differences in water temperatures or bubble because of the presence of gases, like carbon dioxide.

The study of hydrothermal vent ecosystems continues to redefine our understanding of the requirements for life. The ability of vent organisms to survive and thrive in such extreme pressures and temperatures and in the presence of toxic mineral plumes is fascinating. The conversion of mineral-rich hydrothermal fluid into energy is a key aspect of these unique ecosystems. Through the process of chemosynthesis, bacteria provide energy and nutrients to vent species without the need for sunlight.

1. What are some of the key differences between black smokers and white smokers?

Answer

Black smokers emit the hottest, darkest plumes, which are high in sulfur content and form chimneys up to 18 stories tall, or 55 meters (180 feet). The plumes of white smokers are lightly colored and rich in barium, calcium, and silicon. Compared to black smokers, white smokers usually emit cooler plumes and form smaller chimneys.

2. Given that the temperature of vent fluid can reach 400 °C (750 °F), why does it not boil?

Answer

The pressure in the deep ocean is so great that the seawater cannot boil at 400 °C (750 °F).

3. What are some reasons hydrothermal vents are important?

Answer

Hydrothermal vents support unique ecosystems and their communities of organisms in the deep ocean. They help regulate ocean chemistry and circulation. They also provide a laboratory in which scientists can study changes to the ocean and how life on Earth could have begun.

Hydrothermal vents have been found all over the ocean, including regions of the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern and Arctic oceans.

The deepest vent located so far is in the Cayman Trough, which is the deepest point in the Caribbean Sea. The trough is located along the boundary between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate.

At approximately 400 °C (750 °F), the vent fluid of black smokers is hot enough to melt solid metal.

opening on the seafloor that emits hot, mineral-rich solutions.

process by which plants turn water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into water, oxygen, and simple sugars.

movement and interaction of the Earth's plates.

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Writer

Angela M. Cowan, Education Specialist and Curriculum Designer

Editor

Julie Brown, National Geographic Society

Copyeditor

Jeannie Evers, Emdash Editing

Production Assistant

Winn Brewer, National Geographic Education

Stock Footage Providers

Getty Images
Zbifniew Majerczyk

Producers

Katy Andres
Julie Brown, National Geographic Society
Alison Michel, National Geographic Society

Last Updated

March 21, 2013

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Hydrothermal vents have been found all over the ocean, including regions of the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern and Arctic oceans.

The deepest vent located so far is in the Cayman Trough, which is the deepest point in the Caribbean Sea. The trough is located along the boundary between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate.

At approximately 400 °C (750 °F), the vent fluid of black smokers is hot enough to melt solid metal.

Writer

Angela M. Cowan, Education Specialist and Curriculum Designer

Editor

Julie Brown, National Geographic Society

Copyeditor

Jeannie Evers, Emdash Editing

Production Assistant

Winn Brewer, National Geographic Education

Stock Footage Providers

Getty Images
Zbifniew Majerczyk

Producers

Katy Andres
Julie Brown, National Geographic Society
Alison Michel, National Geographic Society

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This lists the logos of programs or partners of NG Education which have provided or contributed the content on this page. Partner Background Info Questions Fast Facts Vocabulary In 1977, scientists exploring the Galápagos Rift along the mid-ocean ridge in the eastern Pacific noticed a series of temperature spikes in their data.

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With a million species at risk of extinction, David Attenborough explores how this crisis of biodiversity has consequences for us all, including putting us at ...

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Plate boundaries and geological features

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Plate boundaries and geological features

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Every year, volcanoes, earthquakes and hurricanes pose a serious threat to hundreds of millions of people across the globe. But where scientists had previously considered these forces independently of one another, they are now focusing on the interrelationships between these natural disasters.

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Footage of the 1980 Mount St. Helens Eruption

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Explore the world of volcanoes, their formation and types, and the dangers and benefits they bring to us. Plus the different economic and social reasons that entice people to continue living near them.

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Evolution of the eruption in Iceland Geldingadalir

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Volcanoes are the most important force in the creation of our planet. This episode shows how the heat that fuels volcanoes also drives some of the most fundamental processes on Earth.

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Atoms and Light: Exploring Atomic and Electronic Structure

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In this unit, we will follow the gradual change from considering the atom as a single indivisible particle to a later understanding of the atom composed of its constituent subatomic parts.

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What Are Ions | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool

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Todd Sampson tests his faith in science in a series of epic experiments, trusting his life to the laws of physics. Todd goes feet first into an inferno with only a dousing of water to protect him.

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Eat Like Your Ancestors Part 1: Bunya Mountains Bush Food

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Plants uses and medicines near Woorabinda with Steve Kemp

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How the heart actually pumps blood - Edmond Hui

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How does your immune system work? - Emma Bryce

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The Immune System Explained I – Bacteria Infection

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Endocrine Summary Do Now and Poster Task

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Endocrine Summary Do Now and Poster Task

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Endocrine System, Part 1 - Glands & Hormones: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #23