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gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses gene to treat or prevent disease. In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery. one approach uses stem cells from embryos for example using cells from a embryo to reverse a common form of blindness or to re-grow damaged nerves

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Customised drugs: Drug treatments of the future could be designed to deal with one persons particular health problem which has arisen because of a particular gene in that person. these custom drugs would be less haphazard than at present where the same drug is given to millions of different people regardless of their genetic make up

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Customised drugs: Drug treatments of the future could be designed to deal with one persons particular health problem which has arisen because of a particular gene in that person. these custom drugs would be less haphazard than at present where the same drug is given to millions of different people regardless of their genetic make up

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The first heart transplant was carried out in south Africa in 1967 by Dr Chrstiaan Barnard and a team of highly skilled and experienced doctors,nurses and scientist. other organs had been transplanted before then kidneys in 1954 and in 19

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Reconstructive surgery techniques were being carried out in India by 800 BC. Sushruta was a physician who made important contributions to the field of plastic and cataract surgery in 6th century BC.

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Reconstructive surgery techniques were being carried out in India by 800 BC. Sushruta was a physician who made important contributions to the field of plastic and cataract surgery in 6th century BC.

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Anaesthetics in the later 1800s had to be inhaled through the nose and mouth. this made it difficult to control the dosage. in the 1930s Helmuth Wesse developed anaesthetics that could be injected into the blood stream, enabling precise doses, greater safety and longer operation. noways local anaethetics anaesthetics are so effective that they are used in major operations.

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The injuries of both World Wars led to a rapid improvement in techniques especially the use of skin grafts. in the first World War injuries were mostly from bullet and shell damage. Surgeons carried out over 11,000 plastic surgery operations increasing their experience and learning from each other. In the second world war there were many more burns cases in tanks and aeroplanes. Archibald Mclndoe alone carried out 4,000 operations on burn cases

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The injuries of both World Wars led to a rapid improvement in techniques especially the use of skin grafts. in the first World War injuries were mostly from bullet and shell damage. Surgeons carried out over 11,000 plastic surgery operations increasing their experience and learning from each other. In the second world war there were many more burns cases in tanks and aeroplanes. Archibald Mclndoe alone carried out 4,000 operations on burn cases

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MICHAEL JACKSON: Before and After Plastic Surgery

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marie curie and her husband, pierre, continued research on x-rays. They discovered radium which has been used ever since to diagnose cancers, and in radiotherapy to treat cancers. Thier research was beginning of modern treatment of cancers. As the research continued it became so complex that they built up a team of research scientists to share ides.

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x-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to visible light. Unlike light, however, x-rays have higher energy and can pass through most objects, including the body. Medical x-rays are used to generate images of tissues and structures inside the body.

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A blood transfusion is a safe, common procedure in which blood is given to you through an intravenous line in one of your blood vessels.blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or due to a serious injury. the blood transfusion method was put in place to save people who are at risk of blood loss, for example if your a mother giving birth you may lose a lot of blood whilst giving birth.this is where blood tranfusion comes in place you get blood put into your system to potentially save your life.

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nowadays surgeons gut into the body through as a small a hole as possible-keyhole surgery.the tools needed are inside an instrument called an endoscope, which is controlled by the surgeon.