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A shadow is a dark (real image) area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object. It occupies all of the three-dimensional volume behind an object with light in front of it.

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Horizontal Type Tool. The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Horizontal Type Tool. On the Options bar, set the font options: family (style), size, color and anti-aliasing method. Click on your image and type.

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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens flex still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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A type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One is the photographic object or "taking lens". The other is used for viewfinder system.

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A big film size that is 4x5 of larger. The bigger the film size, the better quality.

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The photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers.

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Is a professional in charge of acquiring and managing art collections.

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A public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery, or at a trade fair.

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Refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame.

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A large collection of pictures.

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This gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue,value, and intensity.

Hue: Name of color

Value: Hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when white or black is added)

Intensity: Quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity= color is faint and dull)

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume: includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they meet feel if touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.

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The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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The repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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The feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

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The path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

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The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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The part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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Symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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Made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry.

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Having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Containing or using only one color.

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A means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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This is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. They are not overpowering and tend to recede in space.

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This is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. They are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming.

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They are pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black.

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They don't usually show up on the color wheel. Neutral colors include black, white, gray, and sometimes brown and beige. They are sometimes called “earth tones.”

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The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which involves mentally dividing up your image using 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines.

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There's a composition rule called the golden ratio. In photography, the idea is that by using the golden ratio, you are creating an image that is naturally more pleasing to the eye.

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Leading lines refers to a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image. A leading line paves an easy path for the eye to follow through different elements of a photo.

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Positive space refers to the objects in the frame.

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Negative space is the space between and around the objects in the frame.

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It's an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice.

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This emphasizes consideration of the photo that goes beyond the actual subject, inviting the viewer to interpret and reflect on the visual experience it produces.

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It's a critique which is constructive that informs the photographer how to improve.

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Plagiarism in its simplest terms means stealing the idea of someone else to create your own work, without giving any credit to the original source.

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It's a brand name.

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Ethics is about the moral principles that people work with.

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It refers to the man source of light behind the photography subject.

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It's a soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light.

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The light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added.

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It's the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.

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The dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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A diptych was originally a pair of paintings hinged together. In photography the diptych has become a popular format. Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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It's a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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a picture element. Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture.

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The blue hour is the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade, which differs from the one visible during most of a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering.

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The golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images.

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A camera's raw image file contains unprocessed or minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera. CR2 files are based on the TIFF file specification, so they're usually high quality, uncompressed, and large. NEF files retain everything captured by the camera before any processing is undergone, including the metadata like the camera and lens model.

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is a layered image file used in Adobe Photoshop. PDS, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PDS is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images' individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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JPEG. Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group." JPEG is a popular image file format. It is commonly used by digital cameras to store photos.

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.

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The camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph, from the shutter speed to the aperture setting to the focus.

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It lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO.

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Is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions

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It lets you specify a shutter speed and leaves the camera to figure out everything else (aperture, ISO/ASA).

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The camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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Measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. Thee lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera. Image noise is an undesirable by-product of image capture that obscures the desired information.

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Is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor.

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Is text information pertaining to an image file that is embedded into the file or contained in a separate file that is associated with it. Image metadata includes details relevant to the image itself as well as information about its production.

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A small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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Is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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What the camera uses to focus on a subject. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up—often in a red or green color—in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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Bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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Normally, the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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A camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number.

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Aperture is the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor.

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Bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp.

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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A lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.

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Shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time.

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Simply a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera. It allows your shutter speed to be any length you choose: one second, one minute, 17 minutes, or anything else.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Tripod is three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus. Monopod is a one-legged support for a camera or fishing rod.

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The process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light.

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This mode is for the normal daylight setting while shooting outdoors. Many cameras do not have the Daylight mode.

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A shaded location generally produces cooler or bluer pictures, hence you need to warm up the surroundings while shooting shaded objects.

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This mode is ideal for while shooting on a cloudy day. This is because it warms up the subject and surroundings and allows you to capture better shots.

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This mode is used for light under a little bulb like tungsten, and it is often used while shooting indoors. The tungsten setting of the digital camera cools down the color temperature in photos.

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This mode is used for getting brighter and warmer shots while compensating for the cool shade of fluorescent light.

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The flash mode is required when there is inadequate lighting available. This mode helps pick the right White Balance under low light conditions.