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In this unit we read and discussed about the history of English, considering its process of development, adaptation and transformation. The texts used were very helpfull to understand the different aspects that are involved and the degree of influence each people had for the consolidation of English as we know today.

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O Inglês was the first text read in this unit and I consider it a very didactic one because it explains the contributions of many different languages for the formation of English, it compares vocabularies, it reveals the adaptations and modifications of the English, and mostly, it tells us the full history of the language since the beginning until the current days.

Differently of the Celtic idiom, Latin had a huge importance and impact on English since it was bring by the first anglo-saxons in 449 bC. With words related to new techniques, new products, new aliments and new habits of life we can note how a dead language as Latin can contribute for a very living one- English.

It is important to mention the  role developed by Alfred the Great for the history of English language. This king, at his forty years old, started translating from latin to old english texts about the origins of Church and of the English people. Besides it, Alfred the Great created a huge translation center and an alphabetization program, both so important to keep the memory of the language at that age.

It is very interesting when we have the opportunity to study deeply the origins of the words because many times of my life I asked myself “Why we use this word to name this thing?” or “Where did this word come from?”. Examples of this are the words tank and countdown, both created after the two World Wars in the last century.

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On the text O Inglês is mentioned the contributions of Shakespeare for the English language. This brilliant poet, playwright, actor is also considered the most influent English writer of the world!
His creativity and free imagination to play with words and grammatical phrases were responsible for many expressions spoken even nowadays, such as “it’s high time” and “it is all greek to me” (this is my favorite! In fact, it is very difficult to understand the Greeks speaking rsrs)
In terms of quantity of words Shakespeare also reveals your importance with a vocabulary’s contribution almost the equivalent of four times the Bible!

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This article brings an overview of some important historical stages of the English language. From the Celts to the present day, it is possible to perceive how much different people contributed for the formation of English. In my opinion, the mainly difference between this text and O Inglês is that this one is more concise and technical and the one before is more historical.

Beginning with Celts, even though just few words of them remained on English language, this was the earliest inhabitants of the Great Bretain living at 500bC-43bC.
Regarding Saint Augustine epoch (597 aD) it was a relevant moment for the process of consolidation of English language because many anglo-saxons were converted to Catholic Christian faith contributing for the introduction of a lot of latin words, mostly related to religion.

About the Normas, this people strongly influenced English in terms of culture and also language. Since French was spoken by well succeeded groups in society for many centuries, words related to power were incorporated to English, such as: crown, parliament, army, banquet, etc. This scenario changes at 100 Years War, when the popularity of English increased while French began to be frowned upon.
A great transformation happened at Renaissance when the printing press was introduced in England. It means that the price of the books became lower and literacy turned more accessible.

The beginning of eighteenth century was marked by dictionaries, grammars and rules, mostly because of the need of regulations before the emergency of different fields, such as medicine, astrology, botany and engineering. In present days, with World Wars and globalisation, we can analyse the incorporation of many new words, slangs and  jargons.
All these transformations are very usefull to help me understand the process of formation and consolidation of a language.
After all this, I observed an interesting aspect: as English is considered nowadays as the “universal language” that directly impacts many dialects and local speakings, it was, since its origins, influenced by several different people and cultures. That is, as a social phenomena, a language can’t be pure or neutral. It incorporates and dispensates many different aspects from others cultural sources.

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I would like to share an interesting curiosity about my city: in Itabira-MG we created a dialect called Camaco. This local language consists of exchanging  the consonant of the second syllable by the consonant of the first syllable. Example: banana --> nabana; foundation --> dounfation.
Why did we creat this different form of communication? The reason you can find at this video*:

*I couldn't find a version in English, sorry :(

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Documentario - Linguagem Camaco - Itabira MG - Parte 1

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* O Inglês. Unknown author
* Language timeline. British Library. <http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/evolvingenglish/accessvers/index.html>