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Artble (2019). Impression Sunrise.
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[Accessed 3 Nov. 2019].

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Impression, Sunrise was painted in 1872 by Claude Monet. The medium used is oil paint on a canvas, the genre is Waterscape, and the style is Impressionism.

(Visual-arts-cork.com, 2019)

Image taken from:
https://pixels.com/featured/8-impression-sunrise-claude-monet.html

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Impression, Sunrise led to the start of the Impressionism movement.

The painting was exhibited at the "Exhibition of the Impressionists" in 1874 alongside paintings by Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro, Berthe Morisot, Edgar Degas, and Paul Cezanne.

Monet's painting was highly criticized because his work looked unfinished. An art critic named Louis Leroy mocked the paintings in the exhibition in a newspaper called Le Charivari. He used the term "Impressionism" for mockery but the artists eventually used the name for their movement.

"Impression I was certain of it. I was just telling myself that, since I was impressed, there had to be some impression in it — and what freedom, what ease of workmanship! A preliminary drawing for a wallpaper pattern is more finished than this seascape." - Louis Leroy

(Scott, 2019)

Image taken from:
https://www.widewalls.ch/monet-paintings/

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Impression, Sunrise is a loose depiction of the port of Le Havre in France as the sun rises over the ships. The painting is a natural look at the docks of Le Havre wherein the focus of the painting is on the effects of sunlight on the sea. The painting shows early morning mist joined by the industrial smoke of the city. This can be interpreted through the depiction of cranes, machinery, and chimneys of factories in the background.

Impression, Sunrise was named as such because its objective was to portray an "impression" of Le Havre and not give an accurate portrayal of it. Claude Monet confirmed this when he said that the painting "really could not pass as a view of Le Havre."

(Blogs.longwood.edu, 2019)

Image taken from:
https://frenchmoments.eu/le-havre/

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1. Composition
The most significant object in the painting is the sun. Aside from this, other focal points of the painting would be the dark boats, mainly the one with a man rowing an oar, and the reflection of the sun's rays. All of the focal points are not in the center of the canvas, further exemplifying the style's veering away from idealized depictions of reality.

The horizontal line dividing the sea and the sky, aside from being above center, is barely evident in the painting. Faded blue figures from a distance suggest the connection between the two.

Depth is shown through the gradual receding of objects to a distance. The use of cool colors in the background also give emphasis to the warm colors used in the foreground.

2. Color and Light
Monet's choice of colors is important in the depiction of light in the painting. The colors mainly used in the painting were dull orange, blue, and green. To give emphasis to certain objects in the painting, Monet used the same color with either higher or lower saturation.

Monet used vivid orange to depict the sun and its reflection on the sea to denote the sun's warmth and to create a striking contrast with the cool blues surrounding them. The use of dull orange through the rest of the painting gives the feeling that the sun's warmth breaks the coldness of the blues and greens of the sky and sea.

3. Brush stroke
The brushwork in the painting, as known in Impressionism, is loose. Thin paint is used in the background while thick paint is used in the focal points for emphasis. It can be noticed that Monet used rapid and broken brush strokes on the sun's reflected rays and on the dashes of dark green at the bottom of the painting. This suggests movement and immediacy as Monet was painting the scene.

(Artble, 2019)

Image taken from:
https://pixels.com/featured/8-impression-sunrise-claude-monet.html

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Impressionism (c. 1872-1892) is a style developed by Claude Monet and other Paris-based artists in the 1860s. This marked a movement against traditional European painting. The ones who started this movement rejected government-sanctioned exhibitions or salons, and were shunned by powerful academic art institutions.

(The Art Story, 2019)

Image taken from:
https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/articles/the-best-art-galleries-to-see-impressionism/

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1. The artists used loose brushwork and a lighter palette to include pure, intense colors.
2. Lack of clarity in form due to loose, rapid, and broken dabs in brushwork
3. Veering away from idealized and symmetrical depictions of the world, the Impressionists portrayed the world as they saw it.
4. "Split-second capture of life"
5. Impressionists worked in front of their subjects in the open air (en plein air) to better capture the effects of sunlight.
6. The subjects were mainly outdoor scenes depicted with bright and vibrant colors.

(Tate, 2019)

Image taken from:
https://www.identifythisart.com/art-movements-styles/modern-art/impressionism-art-movement/

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The term "form" in painting can denote different meanings. Form is one of the seven elements of art, suggesting the three-dimensionality of an artwork. Formal analysis refers to
the description of an artwork depending on the harmony between the elements and principles within the artwork. Form is also used to characterize the physicality of an artwork.
(Marder, 2019)

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According to Etienne Gilson, “Reduced to its essentials, a picture is a solid surface, which the artist covers with colored forms whose arrangement is pleasing to the eye through the unity of form, the harmony of the parts, and the perfection of the execution.”

Image taken from:
http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art-history-slideshows/modern_art_slideshows/impressionism_slideshow.html

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Painting consists of the arrangement of colors and other elements on a two-dimensional surface to create an aesthetic image. The illusion of a three-dimensional form is achieved through the use of elements such as lighting, shadows, values, and tones. These elements help give the object of the painting form and context in space, making its three-dimensionality and depth easier to perceive.
(Marder, 2019)

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It is through the "unity of form, the harmony of the parts, and the perfection of the execution" of painting that makes it beautiful. According to Aquinas, "The beautiful object is one that has unity, proportion, and clarity. It is a complex whole having parts. When the parts are so organized and proportional to one another that the complex structure of its wholeness is perspicuous or manifest, the object is beautiful."

The beauty of a painting is achieved not only through the harmonious integration of different elements and principles, but also through the choice of medium, technique, subject matter, and style.

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Line
Color
Texture
Space
Value
Shape

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Emphasis and Subordination
Balance
Scale and Proportion
Rhythm
Harmony
Contrast

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Encaustic
Fresco
Tempera
Oils
Watercolours and Gouache
Acrylics

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Landscape
Portraits
Still Life
Genre
History
Mythology
Religion

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This term refers to art forms that are practiced mainly for aesthetic value and beauty, and not for any cultural, historical, or practical value. In short, it is "art for art's sake." Fine art is often juxtaposed with applied art such as architecture which usually has utility. (Visual-arts-cork.com, 2019)

Fine Arts encompass the following art forms:
- Drawing
- Painting
- Sculpture
- Printmaking
- Photography