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Walk around London Olympic Park Stratford 2018 (4K

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Walk around London Olympic Park Stratford 2018 (4K

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Walk around London Olympic Park Stratford 2018 (4K)

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TOKYO 2020: SUSTAINABLE GAMES FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY

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TOKYO 2020: SUSTAINABLE GAMES FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY

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TOKYO 2020: SUSTAINABLE GAMES FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY

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TOKYO 2020: SUSTAINABLE GAMES FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY

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One year from today, the Olympic Summer Games Tokyo 2020 will witness the first performances of the world's top athletes. Beyond the celebration of humanity and the Olympic values of excellence, friendship and respect, this will be an opportunity to witness how the Olympic Games play their part in creating a sustainable society.

As the countdown to the Games begins, we look at some of the most innovative sustainability initiatives of Tokyo 2020.

From mobile phones to Olympic medals

Following a nationwide campaign, the Tokyo 2020 Olympic medals will be made from recycled precious metals collected from mobile phones and other electronic devices donated by the public. More than 78,985 tons of used mobile phones and other devices were collected by municipal authorities, with a total of 6.21 million used mobile phones handed in by the public. This yielded the 32kg of gold, 3,500kg of silver and 2,200kg of bronze needed to produce all 5,000 Tokyo 2020 Olympic medals.

From shampoo bottles to the Olympic podium

In a joint initiative between Worldwide Olympic Partner P&G and Tokyo 2020, the podiums for the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 medal ceremonies will be made of plastic - such as shampoo bottles - donated by the public and recovered from the oceans. After the Games, the podiums will be used for educational purposes and also recycled back into packaging for P&G products.

From plastic bottles to Olympic uniforms

The uniforms of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic torchbearers will be produced in part from recycled plastic bottles collected by Worldwide Olympic Partner Coca Cola.

The Tokyo 2020 staff and volunteer uniforms will also include sustainable materials, including recycled polyester and materials derived from plants. A special dyeing process which requires a minimum amount of water will be used to produce the uniform shoes.

From houses to the Olympic torch

The Olympic torch has been produced using aluminium waste from temporary housing that was built in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake. The materials that were once used to help rebuild lives will now be used to spread a message of hope and recovery.

From the Olympic Village to a park bench

The Plaza of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Village will be built with sustainably-sourced timber donated by local authorities across Japan. After the Games, the timber will be returned to be re-used, for example, as public benches or as part of public buildings. The aim of the initiative is to create a lasting, sustainable Olympic legacy that will be shared across the country.

Towards a zero-emissions Olympic fleet

Worldwide Olympic Partner Toyota will provide a wide range of zero-emission vehicles including fuel cell electric vehicles for the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, in line with Japan's carbon reduction goals.

Renewable energy at the heart of the Games

Tokyo 2020 is promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy, with the aim of achieving carbon-neutral Games. Electricity used during the Olympic Games will be supplied by renewable sources, such as solar, biomass and hydropower.

Olympic Games for a healthy climate

In December 2018, Tokyo 2020 was one of the first signatories of the UN Sports for Climate Action framework. Co-created and co-led by the IOC, the framework calls on the sports world to jointly develop a climate action agenda for sport.

Within this framework, Tokyo 2020 plans to encourage public participation in initiatives to reduce and absorb CO2, such as covering building walls with plants to prevent the overuse of air conditioning or reusing oil used for cooking Japanese tempura as a substitute for car fuel.

"We hope that the approach we are taking for these Olympics, for example reutilising timber to make benches for public facilities for local areas as well as having the mindset of 'Let's not waste but reuse it', will remain in [people's] minds as a good memory of these Olympics to be passed on to the next generation," said Tokyo 2020 Senior Director for Sustainability Yuki Arata.

"The Olympics are a big event that attracts large audiences as well as athletes. We think that it is a huge opportunity to tackle the issue of sustainability.

"We want to address the issue of climate change and therefore appropriately manage resources throughout the Olympics. By engaging the general public [...], we hope that we will be able to raise awareness of these sustainability issues even after the Olympics, and that this effort will continue and become a legacy for the future."

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Tokyo 2020: sustainable Games for a sustainable society - Olympic News

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One year from today, the Olympic Summer Games Tokyo 2020 will witness the first performances of the world's top athletes. Beyond the celebration of humanity and the Olympic values of excellence, friendship and respect, this will be an opportunity to witness how the Olympic Games play their part in creating a sustainable society.

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Will Tokyo’s Olympics win gold for sustainability?

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Will Tokyo’s Olympics win gold for sustainability?

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Over a year before the planned day of the Olympic opening ceremony, the organisers of the Tokyo 2020 games proudly declared their scavenging mission accomplished. They had reclaimed enough metal to produce the 5,000 medals that would, the following summer, be awarded to the world's greatest athletes.

Previous hosts had attempted something similar, but Japan was the first to source all the required gold, silver and bronze from high-tech rubbish.

The huge "urban mining" project, which extracted precious metals from almost 80,000 tonnes of phones, laptops and games machines collected from the general public, was exactly how Japan wanted these Olympics remembered: co-operative, dedicated to fighting waste and founded on the ideal of sustainability "for the planet and the people".

With the games now postponed for a year because of the Covid-19 pandemic, both the Japanese organisers and International Olympic Committee (IOC) have suggested that the whole extravaganza - previously estimated to cost about $25bn - will take place in slimmed-down mode. That has allowed Tokyo to double down on the eco-friendly, sustainable aspirations. No events will be abandoned, but there will also be no "grand splendour", says the head of the Tokyo Organising committee, Toshiro Muto.

As a symbol of sustainability, the medals project fitted perfectly with the broader theme of Japan's bid to host the 2020 games and of its attempts to position itself as an eager proponent of the UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs) - an exemplar of the idea that wealthier nations have a duty of leadership on environmental and sustainability issues.

As a small and densely populated series of islands, prone to natural disasters and constrained by its limited natural resources, Japan has long had an affinity for the concept of sustainability. In his book Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, the historian Jared Diamond devotes a rare positive chapter to the reforestation of Japan's uplands by the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1600s - an early example of action to manage a resource sustainably.

The years of Japan's postwar economic growth were marked by a general disregard for the environment. Since the bursting of the stock market bubble in 1990, however, the country has enthusiastically embraced the modern notion of sustainability. It is common to meet a suited Japanese businessperson wearing the multicoloured roundel of the SDGs on their lapel. As is often the case in Japan, however, the country has its own interpretation of sustainability, and contradictions abound.

Japan has some of the world's best public transport, highest levels of energy efficiency and effective systems of water and waste management. Yet the country also pours concrete with abandon, generates mountains of plastic waste and scours the world's oceans for fish. Japan burns a lot of coal and intends to continue.

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The Olympics will exemplify this split personality: it will be a showcase for some of the world's leading environmental technologies, but it will also embody the country's enduring love of energy-intensive public works.

Critics say there has been more talk than action. Koyu Furusawa, a visiting scholar of The Organisation for the Advancement of Research and Development at Kokugakuin University, says that while the Tokyo Olympics has outwardly done a good job on sustainability, the substance is problematic. A key flaw, he says, is that the planning in this area was primarily top-down, and did not invite discussions with local citizens on how facilities might be used in future.

"If we can demonstrate a new direction, with scaling-down, decentralisation, and various forms of international co-operation, we would be able to make this the start-line of the first year of the sustainability Olympics," he says. "But Japan's actual state is weak when it comes to creating a new sustainable society."

Others, however, argue that Japan has a good record of using international events to mark and propagate grand social and economic shifts. In 1964, when Tokyo last hosted the Olympics, Japan used its first international sporting event since the second world war to transmit a clear message of recovery and technological prowess. The plan this time was to demonstrate to billions around the world that Japan's priorities had moved on, reflecting the growing global concern about climate change.

The extent of this push was clear from Tokyo's bid document, which promised a "compact games" and the re-use of some of the still impressive venues from 1964. A pre-games sustainability report went even further, claiming that "Tokyo 2020 and its delivery partners are committed to building the groundwork for [a] decarbonised society with collective participation, focusing on maximising the transition into energy efficiency and renewable energy use".

It promised that new venues would be built with energy-saving technologies, would be powered by renewable energy, and that transportation would include hydrogen-fuelled vehicles. The games would "encourage spectators to cut down on consumption" of single-use plastic containers, and both the podiums and the torchbearers' uniforms would be made from recycled bottles.

Hydrogen is meant to be one of the showpiece environmental technologies of the games. A team of scientists has spent months working out how to make the normally invisible gas burn with a charismatic colour so it can fuel the Olympic flame. In early March, shortly before the games were postponed, Shinzo Abe, Japan's prime minister, promised that hydrogen-powered cars and buses would run through the city, and that the electricity in the athletes' village would come from hydrogen.

Hydrogen can either be burnt directly or used in a fuel cell to generate electricity. The only waste product is water. That makes it an excellent carbon-free energy carrier - provided the hydrogen can be produced without carbon emissions in the first place.

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Japan's bet on hydrogen has deep roots in industrial and energy strategy as well as environmental policy. The country's carmakers, notably Toyota and Honda, hope fuel cell technology will give them an edge over batteries. Imports of liquid hydrogen, meanwhile, could come from friendly countries such as Australia, mirroring the security of the existing coal supply chain.

But the voices of dissent over the games' green claims remain. Among them is Norichika Kanie, an expert on sustainable development at Keio University who was involved with monitoring the environmental impact of the Olympics in Vancouver, London and Rio.

Mr Kanie says he was part of a scheme that would have applied multiple clear criteria to evaluate the games' sustainability - the extension of a programme that began in London in 2012. But he says that in 2017 - two years after Tokyo had won the bid but shortly after the Rio games had drawn strong criticism from sustainability advocates - the scheme was cancelled without explanation.

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"According to the sustainability plan, they announced that the Olympics would be designed around SDGs but I don't see that much," he says. "The evidence has not been disclosed. Everything is a black box."

The games' organisers reject both this criticism and Mr Furusawa's concerns about public involvement. They say they held "numerous discussions via public comment", and that their reports "clearly detail and evaluate the status of efforts toward our sustainability goals". "Simple comparisons [with earlier games] are difficult to make," they note.

Mr Kanie intends to make his own mind up. He plans to launch an app that will collate thousands of pictures sent from users during the games, in effect "crowdsourcing" the judgment on whether Japan has been as good as its word. Whether Tokyo 2021 will merit one of its own reclaimed medals should become clear this time next year.

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Will Tokyo's Olympics win gold for sustainability?

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Over a year before the planned day of the Olympic opening ceremony, the organisers of the Tokyo 2020 games proudly declared their scavenging mission accomplished. They had reclaimed enough metal to produce the 5,000 medals that would, the following summer, be awarded to the world's greatest athletes.

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Olympic Legacy: 5 Years on from London 2012

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Olympic Legacy: 5 Years on from London 2012

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Olympic Legacy: 5 Years on from London 2012

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1:00 / 1:03:21DRI Webinar: Preparing For Mega-Events - Lessons From the 2012 London Olympics

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1:00 / 1:03:21DRI Webinar: Preparing For Mega-Events - Lessons From the 2012 London Olympics

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DRI Webinar: Preparing For Mega-Events - Lessons From the 2012 London Olympics

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Studying the impact of mega events: lessons for National Governing Bodies

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Studying the impact of mega events: lessons for National Governing Bodies

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Studying the impact of mega events: lessons for National Governing Bodies

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The eventIMPACTS ToolKit is intended to provide organisers and supporters of public events with some key guidance and good practice principles for evaluating the Economic, Social, Environmental and Media related impacts associated with their event

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The eventIMPACTS ToolKit is intended to provide organisers and supporters of public events with some key guidance and good practice principles for evaluating the Economic, Social, Environmental and Media related impacts associated with their event

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Here you can find out more about the background to the project; the participating organisations; the resources that support the evaluation Toolkit and ways in which you can provide feedback on your own experiences in evaluating the impact of events.

The Project

The eventIMPACTS ToolKit is intended to provide organisers and supporters of public events with some key guidance and good practice principles for evaluating the Economic, Social, Environmental and Media related impacts associated with their event.

The Partners

eventIMPACTS is the result of a collaboration between Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Discover Northern Ireland, EventScotland, London & Partners, UK Sport and Welsh Government.

Impacts Map

The table in the link below offers an overview of all the event impacts on the site by showing which resources are listed under basic, intermediate and advanced areas for each section.

Glossary

Although every effort has been made to make the Toolkit as straight forward as possible, some parts of it are inevitably of a technical nature. To make it as user-friendly as possible, we have created a glossary of key terms.

Feedback

The Toolkit represents the partner's current thinking about the evaluation of events. But it is not meant to be the final word on the subject, and we welcome feedback both on its content and on other's experiences of evaluating events.

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Here you can find out more about the background to the project; the participating organisations; the resources that support the evaluation Toolkit and ways in which you can provide feedback on your own experiences in evaluating the impact of events.

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The role of human rights in mega events: From supply chain to sponsors

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Mega events are an opportunity to unite, reflect on and showcase national achievements, and they all have to manage numerous challenges related to human rights.

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Political Impacts of sporting mega events.

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Political Impacts of sporting mega events.

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Do the benefits justify the budgets?

Dr Jonathan Grix

"The London Olympics will undoubtedly be a spectacular success and bring with it a number of memorable sporting moments. Beyond the two weeks of action, however, it is worth reflecting on the increasingly political use of sport by a wide variety of states throughout the world. In recent years, there has been a shift from advanced capitalist states to developing, small or 'emerging' states who have queued up to stage a sporting mega-event.

It is surprising how few commentators have considered the whys and wherefores behind the rush to stage what are very expensive and elaborate events (London 2012's budget, for example, is £9.3 billion). It is generally accepted that sporting mega-events are good for us. This rests on a number of conjectures, of which the following five - drawn from the academic literature and the reasoning of governments staging or hoping to stage such events - are the most prominent:

1. National elite sport success - can inspire the masses to take up sport thereby improving their health

2. Such events are economically lucrative, bringing revenue from, among others, increased tourism

3. Mega sporting events engender a 'feel-good' factor among citizens, which has knock-on effects for well-being

4. Much needed urban regeneration is accelerated

5. States benefit by showcasing themselves internationally - this leads to an increase in so-called 'soft power'

Interestingly, the evidence base upon which the conjectures above are based is relatively shaky. There is little evidence - beyond the anecdotal - to back up Conjecture 1. The essence of this relationship can be traced back to the spectacular successes of the former Soviet Satellite countries, most notably, East Germany, that had the most medal-intensive sport system of all. From the outside, the general impression was that of a system that thrived on the mutually supportive relationship between elite and mass sports. In reality the East German model was elite-driven and focused on a carefully selected number of sports disciplines largely at the expense of mass sport provision.

Conjecture 2. is another controversial discussion. The economic benefits that accrue from sporting mega-events are notoriously difficult to measure. The FIFA World Cup in Germany appears to have had a positive net impact on Germany's economy through attracting more year-on-year tourism. The history of staging the Olympics, however, is littered with examples of over-inflated budgets, under-utilised sporting infrastructure and little sporting legacy.

There is no doubt that a 'feel-good' factor among certain sections of the population (Conjecture 3.) exists during sporting events. There is, however, scant evidence to suggest that this continues much beyond the event itself.

Evidence of past sporting mega events reveals that decisions around previously stalled or rejected regeneration (Conjecture 4.) have been positively fast-tracked due to the hosting of the event. Whether the resulting change in infrastructure, housing, roads and so on are better for society than, say, the equivalent investment in non-sport specific development is difficult to judge.

Despite the 'fuzzy' and practically unquantifiable notions invoked in Conjecture 5., my research suggests that states believe they will gain in terms of their international prestige due to holding a sporting mega event; further, they believe that this will increase their 'soft power' or the ability to persuade others to want what they themselves want on the international stage. India's - and Delhi's - recent staging of the Commonwealth Games in 2010 could certainly be read as an attempt by a developing country to announce to the world that it had finally arrived on the international stage.

What does all this mean for the up-coming Olympics in London? The UK is likely to witness a 'Wimbledon effect' spike in participation - that is, a rise in recreational sport, during and just after the Olympic Games, with a return to pre-Games levels a few months after the event. Nonetheless, the UK is likely to put on an excellent show, everyone will be happy for a few weeks and the UK's image abroad may well be more positive in the medium term.

There remains, however, an urgent need for sustained research into the areas touched on above, for with a stronger evidence-base on the effects of sport and sporting mega events on society, governments can channel resources into targeted sport policy interventions of hard-to-reach cohorts to attempt to bring about positive behavior change. Mapping the areas for research is the first step; contributing to the evidence-base through the academic study of sport is what this author and colleagues at Birmingham are currently undertaking."

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The London Olympics will undoubtedly be a spectacular success and bring with it a number of memorable sporting moments. Beyond the two weeks of action, however, it is worth reflecting on the increasingly political use of sport by a wide variety of states throughout the world.

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Historical / Socio-political perspective of Nottinghill Carnaval

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Historical / Socio-political perspective of Nottinghill Carnaval

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You're Dead To Me - Notting Hill Carnival - BBC Sounds

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Catch up on your favourite BBC radio show from your favourite DJ right here, whenever you like. Listen without limits with BBC Sounds.

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COVID-19: Sports and Major Events – an update

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COVID-19: Sports and Major Events – an update

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COVID-19: Sports and Major Events - an update

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As businesses and government consider gradually relaxing the restrictions imposed to quash the spread of coronavirus, the world of sport and major events is as eager as the rest to return to business as usual. But in what form "usual" will take remains to be seen. We examine the different scenarios.

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The host cities’ perspective: the impact of COVID-19 on sporting events

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The host cities’ perspective: the impact of COVID-19 on sporting events

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Insights from the global Host City Survey

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the world by surprise and has placed all aspects of society under great strain. Cities around the world and organisations involved in the hosting of international sports events have been severely affected.

In order to understand how they have been coping with the current crisis, what they expect to happen in coming weeks and their concerns for the future, the BCW Sports Practice developed a Host City Survey.

Sent to 100 host cities around the globe, and carried out over a one-week period from 23 to 29 March 2020, the survey revealed some key insights about current sentiment regarding the future of sports events and hosting strategies.

COVID-19 is disrupting sporting event planning, but host cities expect a return to normal next year

In an eventful one-month period, countless sporting events - local, national and international - have been postponed at best, or cancelled at worst. No sporting events were spared - even the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the UEFA EURO 2020 were postponed to 2021. The coronavirus outbreak has left host cities with no choice but to revise their plans.

More than 84% of host cities recognise that COVID-19 will have a serious impact on sports events planned in 2020. However, when asked about the future, 58% think that the virus outbreak will have a low impact on 2021 events. Host cities expect that things will soon get back to normal.
Financial repercussions will probably last beyond 2020
The sports events industry has largely proven to be recession-proof. Most major sports organisations weathered the economic fallout of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the financial crisis in 2008. However, the current global crisis is forcing the cancellation or postponement of sporting events in order to stop the spread of the coronavirus. And this extraordinary situation has serious financial consequences for host cities.

Indeed, 78% of host cities surveyed admit that they will suffer financial losses in 2020 due to the cancellation or postponement of sporting events in their city or region. When asked about the next two years, the results show that there is a strong likelihood that the budget allocated to hosting sports events in their city will be negatively affected.
COVID-19 is forcing host cities to rethink their sporting event strategy and to focus more on social development
Sports events have always been great platforms for achieving the broader goals of host cities. And the COVID-19 crisis can reinforce this catalytic effect. Whether it be for sports, branding, social or economic development, host cities believe that sporting events will play an important role in overcoming the crisis.

At a time when social distancing has become the new norm, sporting events seem to present the perfect opportunity to bring people back together in the future.

The new coronavirus outbreak may also force host cities to review their hosting strategy. When asked about the impact that COVID-19 may have on the type of events to be hosted, cities said that they would plan fewer international sports events and more local or national sports events.
Host cities are very active in setting up new sports activities for their population in lieu of hosting sporting events
At a time when half of the world's population is confined to their homes (as of 1 April 2020), opportunities for sport are rather limited. Aware of the importance of an active lifestyle on people's health - and therefore to the economy in general - many cities around the world have been innovative in finding new ways to get people involved in sport. As a matter of fact, 64% of host cities reported that they have initiated or are developing programmes to encourage their populations to continue to participate in sport from home during the confinement period.

Activities cited by host cities included: web-based training programmes, live videos on social media platforms - which have become the meeting point for sports communities and enthusiasts, or even local TV broadcasts for which local clubs provide content.

Results from this survey show that cities unanimously expect the COVID-19 crisis to have significant and immediate negative repercussions on the hosting of sports events - some even predict that the financial impact of the crisis will last beyond 2021.

Cities are unsure how this crisis will affect the general public's future support for the hosting of sports events. However, they do recognise that in coming months and years their city may host fewer international events compared with national or local ones. This projection may reflect both the financial losses inflicted by the crisis and the time cities will need to recover, and a recovery in which host cities agree that sports will play an important role in terms of sports, social and economic development.

In these tough times, host cities are stepping up to the challenge and finding new ways of engaging with their populations through sports. Cities are engaging with people online, providing them with free and innovative ways to stay physically active.

The current pandemic is serious for the world of sports as it was sudden and unexpected. While it will undeniably have a strong impact on cities' hosting strategies going forward, sports will learn from this challenge and will emerge stronger than before with the necessary tools in hand to confront future challenges which may come its way.
For more in-depth insight download BCW Sports Practice's The Host Cities' Perspective: Overview of the Impact of COVID-19 on Sporting Events report
Heloise Signe

Account Director, BCW Sports Practice

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The host cities' perspective: the impact of COVID-19 on sporting events | WPP

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Insights from the global Host City Survey The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the world by surprise and has placed all aspects of society under great strain. Cities around the world and organisations involved in the hosting of international sports events have been severely affected.

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Reflections on the impact of Mega-Events in a Brexit and Covid-19 contex

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Reflections on the impact of Mega-Events in a Brexit and Covid-19 contex

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Mega-events and cultural policy: Urban effects, legacies and governance by Dr. Franco Bianchini

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Mega-events and cultural policy: Urban effects, legacies and governance by Dr. Franco Bianchini

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Mega-events and cultural policy: Urban effects, legacies and governance by Dr. Franco Bianchini

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Website of

Donald Getz, PhD

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What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes

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What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes

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Article by M Muller

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What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes

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There is considerable ambiguity about what makes an event a mega-event. Intervening in this debate, this paper develops a definition and classification scheme for mega-events. On the basis of a review of existing definitions, it proposes four constitutive dimensions of mega-events: visitor attractiveness, mediated reach, costs and transformative impact.

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Tokyo 2016 - Leaving a Legacy: Mega-Sporting Events

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Tokyo 2016 - Leaving a Legacy: Mega-Sporting Events

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World Economic Forum

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Tokyo 2016 - Leaving a Legacy: Mega-Sporting Events

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Should developing countries be allowed to host major sporting events?

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Should developing countries be allowed to host major sporting events?

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Should developing countries be allowed to host major sporting events?

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Mega events and the developing world | James Mister | TEDxTUM

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Mega events and the developing world | James Mister | TEDxTUM

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Mega events and the developing world | James Mister | TEDxTUM

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Placemaking and Community | Cara Courage | TEDxIndianapolis

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Geography and Planning Cardiff University

Dr Andrew Smith,
University of Westminster,
School of Architecture and the Built Environment

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Geography and Planning Cardiff University

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Events and Urban Regeneration: The Case of London 2012 - Dr Andrew Smith

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Events play an important part in Tourism Australia's international marketing strategy of inviting the world to experience the Australian way of life. According to the International Visitor Survey, in the last 12 months, 17% (or 1.4 million visitors) of all international visitors to Australia attended an organised sporting event, festival, fair or cultural celebration (IVS June 2018).

Tourism Australia promotes a vibrant calendar of events and festivals to increase destination awareness and intention to travel. Major events that have the potential to deliver significant economic and strategic marketing benefits, like the ICC T20 World Cup Australia 2020, are promoted in international marketing activities in key source markets.

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Events Marketing Support - Corporate - Tourism Australia

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Events play an important part in Tourism Australia's international marketing strategy of inviting the world to experience the Australian way of life. According to the International Visitor Survey, in the last 12 months, 17% (or 1.4 million visitors) of all international visitors to Australia attended an organised sporting event, festival, fair or cultural celebration (IVS June 2018).

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Lessons learned from 2012 Olympics

Introduction

The London 2012 Olympics was delivered on time, within the budget set in 2007 and to international acclaim, confounding those who could point to a series of disappointments including NHS IT, the Dome and Wembley Stadium. Why did this major project succeed where so many others have stumbled?

This Institute for Government project looks at the lessons that can be learned from the success of the Olympics for future major projects.

Reports

Making the Games

Lessons learned from London 2012 - a letter about the project from Jonathan Stephens, Permanent Secretary, DCMS

Background

Major projects are a priority for government; they provide jobs, infrastructure and increase efficiency. The government's Major Projects Academy currently oversees 205 projects worth a total of £376 billion.

But government has a mixed record on delivering major projects. Overspend, delay and underuse has to varying degrees plagued past government ICT, transport and cultural projects.

The Institute aimed to understand what government can learn from the Olympics about governance, delivery, vision and risk to improve future major projects and avoid past mistakes.

Institute for Government programme of work

The Institute for Government explored lessons learned from the Olympics through research and a series of policy reunions with key players. We looked at a range of topics including:

The role of political and other leadership in establishing a compelling project vision

Cross-departmental and multi-level governance including how conflicting project objectives were managed and how project accountability worked

What successful delivery looks like including public-private partnerships, the role of the Olympic Delivery Authority and the 'delivery partner' model

Managing risks and challenges such as political transitions, industrial action and the financial crash.

Event series

Making the games: a conversation with Jeremy Beeton and David Goldstone - Government Olympic Executive

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Lessons learned from 2012 Olympics Introduction The London 2012 Olympics was delivered on time, within the budget set in 2007 and to international acclaim, confounding those who could point to a series of disappointments including NHS IT, the Dome and Wembley Stadium. Why did this major project succeed where so many others have stumbled?

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Eighteen months ago the IOC's "Olympic family" gathered in Monte Carlo. "There could not be a more symbolic host," said the president, Thomas Bach, in his address, "than his serene highness Prince Albert of Monaco," the monarch of a state memorably described by Somerset Maugham as a "sunny place for shady people".

It was an extraordinary session, called to address "the challenges we are already facing and, more important, the challenges we can already see on the horizon". Bach was not referring to Russia's state doping regimen, or Rio's readiness for the 31st Summer Games which begins a week on Friday, but another problem entirely, one that, to the International Olympic Committee's hive mind, felt altogether more pressing. While those two headline issues have damaged its brand, this third, far less reported, may ruin its business.
Buildup to Rio 2016 part of a chaotic and shameful tradition of Olympic hosts | David Goldblatt
Two months earlier, Oslo had cancelled its bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics because there was so little public support for it. Earlier in the year, Stockholm withdrew for similar reasons. Krakow also cancelled after a referendum found almost 70% of residents opposed the bid. For Munich's bid, the figure was nearer 60%. For Davos, it was 53%. In Barcelona, the mayor deferred until 2026, then canned the plan altogether. A similar thing happened in Quebec City. So from nine candidates, the IOC was left with two potential hosts. One was Almaty, in the dictatorship of Kazakhstan, and the other was Beijing, not hitherto noted as one of the world's great winter sports resorts. Beijing won, though most of the events will be held 140 miles away in Chongli.

It is not just the winter cities with cold feet. In 2015 the US nominated Boston for the 2024 Summer Games, until Boston withdrew because of low public support. Germany nominated Hamburg but it pulled out after the local government lost another referendum. Toronto's mooted bid was scrapped when its economic development committee voted against it. Right now, the four candidate cities are Rome, Budapest, Los Angeles and Paris. In Hungary, the supreme court has just blocked a proposed referendum. And in Italy, Rome's new mayor, Virginia Raggi, has repeatedly said she opposes the bid, and the Italian Radical Party has been gathering signatures needed to force a referendum.

You do not need to be an academic to spot the pattern. But Christopher Gaffney is - a senior research fellow at the University of Zurich, he is a prominent voice in the anti-Olympic movement - and he describes it this way: "Wherever we see an educated population that has a relatively free press, relatively high levels of governmental transparency, and that has put it up for a referendum, in every one of those cases we have seen the Olympics be rejected. Without exception." In the west, at least, it seems no one wants to play host any more.

The IOC has been in a similar position before, after the disastrous Montreal Games in 1976. It took Montreal 30 years to pay off its Olympic debt. The upshot was that Los Angeles was the only city in for 1984. Because it was the only bidder, it was able to dictate terms. So the IOC was cut out of all the TV and sponsorship deals but it was able to turn to the sizeable profits LA made to its own advantage in other ways. It used it to incentivise other cities to bid. Five applied to host in 1992. Eight in 2000. Eleven in 2004. The IOC became "a monopoly rights holder of a business that seeks to extract rent from cities", as Gaffney puts it. "They depend on having a group of cities competing against each other, raising the stakes."

Where there was resistance, it came from the fringes. In Amsterdam protesters posted bags of marijuana to the IOC's officials, then pelted them with eggs and tomatoes when they appeared in public. In Berlin a coalition of "anarchists, dropouts, punks, gays and lesbians, the alternatives, the stone-throwers, the fire-eaters, the grafters, the poor, the drunkards and the madmen" marched in the streets when the IOC made its final inspection of the city. The difference now is Olympic resistance has become mainstream. "What we're seeing," Gaffney says, is that "the more information citizens have about how the IOC works, the less likely they are to want to engage in that kind of business contract".

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The beach volleyball arena at the Athens Olympics complex, photographed in 2014. Photograph: Milos Bicanski/Getty Images

Chris Dempsey was one of the leaders of the No Boston Olympics campaign. He once worked at the management consultancy Bain, and had been an assistant secretary of transportation for Massachusetts. "We were the people that showed up to meetings with suits on and PowerPoint presentations," Dempsey says. "We were comfortable working on the inside, so to speak."

Dempsey and his group simply saw it is a question of civic priorities. "The Olympics would be a huge net cost on our city and our state, in that if our governor and mayor were focused on building a stadium and building a velodrome, they were going to be less focused on improving education and fixing roads." It was, Gaffney adds, "a clear-eyed, pragmatic, American way of looking at this, to say: 'We're not going to spend tax money on hosting a three-week party.'"

The mixed fortunes of Melbourne's 1956 Olympic venues, 60 years on

Over the course of two months early in 2015, public opinion in Boston completely flipped. In January it had been polling 54% in favour of the bid. By March, the figure fell to 38%. In between, No Boston Olympics picked apart the details of the bid, cut through the "glossy brochures showing how the venues would look" and made it clear "the taxpayers were on the hook".

The Boston bid became untenable. Dempsey says it was "a reaction to the excesses of recent years. Especially Beijing but also London, because when you look at what was actually spent on those Olympics it is something like four times the original budget."

In Hamburg, on the other hand, the anti-Olympic movement was rooted in the left. Florian Kasiske ran the PR for the NOlympia campaign. "There was a spectrum," he says. It combined students, young members of the left-wing parties and a lot of harbour workers who were against the Olympics too, because their jobs were being threatened."

Kasiske says one of the big issues was the gentrification of the city, especially around the harbour. "The Games are a big motor for displacement of poor people from inner city areas." The other was the immigration crisis. "The people kept asking: 'How can we organise the Olympics when we have to find housing for so many of the people who have come to the city? These people are sleeping in tents, and the politicians want to make a new velodrome?'"

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Protesters campaign against the project of Annecy 2018 Olympic bid in 2011. Photograph: Denis Balibouse/Reuters

In Boston and Hamburg, small, well-organised protest movements faced down powerful political and corporate coalitions. "The people that were pushing the bid were people that stood to benefit," Dempsey says. In Hamburg, NOlympia overcame a bid backed by the mayor and the chamber of commerce. Both cases reflected Gaffney's view the Olympics have become about "the selling of the city by the city's own elites". The more information the public have about all this, he says, "the less likely they are to want to engage in it". Dempsey agrees: "Cities are starting to understand the IOC's demands are unreasonable.

"The IOC only have power if cities show up to bid. Eventually it may come to a breaking point where the IOC has to make real reforms."

Russia's Olympic crisis lays bare a prevailing political apathy in sport | Gideon Haigh

In Monaco Bach introduced Agenda 2020, a plan to reduce the barriers to bidding. Dempsey suggests it is not enough. "I would question whether moving to a different city every four years is really a model that makes sense in today's world. Maybe in the 1890s it made sense but you are now in a world where 99.9% of people that engage with the Olympics do it on a screen." He believes the Games should have a single permanent host venue.

Gaffney is more radical. "The same mistakes are made over and over again. So it can't be an accident and if it's not an accident, then we have to realise that the IOC's business model is noxious," he says. "We need to have a serious rethink about the way these events drive inequality on a global scale. And the best way to do that is to stop them. Full stop."
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Revealed: the biggest threat to the future of the Olympic Games | Andy Bull

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Eighteen months ago the IOC's "Olympic family" gathered in Monte Carlo. "There could not be a more symbolic host," said the president, Thomas Bach, in his address, "than his serene highness Prince Albert of Monaco," the monarch of a state memorably described by Somerset Maugham as a "sunny place for shady people".

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Warning - violent and bloody content in video.

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2016 Olympics: What Rio doesn’t want the world to see

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Who is footing the London 2012 sponsorship bill?

Thanks to the London 2012 site, we know who the sponsors are - but what we haven't had so far is what the individual deals are worth. This is, says London 2012, "confidential commercial information". So, we've been forced to put it together ourselves.

Based on our reporting, this is how it comes out:

It's not straightforward, of course. There are several different types of sponsors. Firstly, there's the worldwide sponsors - these are the 11 big companies such as Coca Cola, who sponsor the games to the tune of around $100m through the International Olympic Committee. They include Dow's controversial sponsorship of the wrap that will surround the stadium. Also, some of the IOC worldwide numbers include more than one game. Then there are the London 2012 'tier one' partners, such as Adidas, BT and BMW, who each pay around £40m - there are seven of these. That's followed by another seven "supporters" who pay £20m and then 28 "suppliers" who pay around £10m

Meanwhile, we report today that some of the sponsors are coming under pressure over their tax breaks:

Visa is coming under increasing pressure to publicly waive tax breaks handed to major Olympic sponsors after two of the biggest backers of the Games promised to pay the UK Exchequer. McDonald's and Coca Cola both said yesterday that they would decline relief handed to the 11 "worldwide" sponsors of the Games, meaning that the profits made from selling burgers and fizzy drinks to spectators in the Olympic park will now be taxed

The row over Olympic taxes comes against a backdrop of the bill for London 2012 being funded by around £1bn of sponsorship, which includes £700m raised locally by the organising committee and a further £700m contribution from sponsorship and broadcast revenues from the IOC.

Interestingly, it might not even be that effective for most of the sponsors. Brand Republic reported recently that many people have no idea who's sponsoring the Olympics - for instance, 16% of those surveyed think Tesco's is a sponsor, which it's not. Similarly, Canon, Carlsberg, Sky and mobile phone company Orange were all erroneously cited as sponsors.

Have we got the numbers right? Let us know what you think - and what you can do with the data.

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London 2012 Olympic sponsors list: who are they and what have they paid?

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Who is footing the London 2012 sponsorship bill? Thanks to the London 2012 site, we know who the sponsors are - but what we haven't had so far is what the individual deals are worth. This is, says London 2012, "confidential commercial information". So, we've been forced to put it together ourselves.

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An Olympic Games Only the Sponsors Could Love

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MarketWatch's Sam Mamudi stops by Mean Street to discuss who is wearing what at the London Olympics, and why it matters.

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Progress and prospects for event tourism research

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Progress and prospects for event tourism research

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A host of world-renowned street artists will land in Greater Manchester later this month to adorn the drab buildings of Rochdale in their own distinctive styles.

They’re coming as part of a new five-day street art festival called Rochdale Uprising, which looks to breathe new life back into some of the North Manchester town’s unloved and neglected buildings through a series of 12 large-scale urban murals.

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A host of world-renowned street artists will land in Greater Manchester later this month to adorn the drab buildings of Rochdale in their own distinctive styles.

They're coming as part of a new five-day street art festival called Rochdale Uprising, which looks to breathe new life back into some of the North Manchester town's unloved and neglected buildings through a series of 12 large-scale urban murals.

Street art pieces will be popping up in and around the town centre between 22nd and 26th August, transforming Rochdale's streets into an open gallery that organisers hope will, in turn, inspire a new generation of artists to come.

There will be other activities going on too, with an exhibition, art fair, workshops, artists talks and much more due to take place over the five days. And even better, it will all be free.

It's the first time such an event has taken place in the town and looks to showcase a mix of local and internationally renowned talent as well as the diverse creative networks that exist both in and around Manchester.

Artists confirmed to attend so far include The London Police (Amsterdam), Inkie (Bristol), Curtis Hylton (London), Pilth (Birmingham), Tank Petrol (Poland), T-One (Preston), Lei-Mai (Liverpool/Manchester), Tasha Whittle (Manchester), Foli (Manchester), Billy (UK) and Northernline (Manchester).

The event is the brainchild of Cbloxx and AYLO - aka Joy Gilleard and Hayley Garner, aka Nomad Clan - partners in life and love who have spent the past five years travelling and painting together, having created their first-ever joint mural on the side of the Molly House in Manchester's gay village back in 2014.

In recent years the pair have taken their talent from Mexico and Germany to America, France and across the UK, and now will return to Hayley's hometown of Rochdale at the end of the month to host the town's first-ever street art festival.

"One of the core motives for running a mural festival in Rochdale is to inspire and engage the young people through direct visible action," says Hayley Garner of Nomad Clan.

"As someone who grew up here, I remember an absence of art, culture, and a lack of artists to aspire to. One of the many strengths of urban contemporary art is how readily available and accessible it is, turning the streets into a gallery that only inspires imagination as opposed to the traditional elitist galleries that some people would never access."

Things will kick off on Friday 23rd with an opening party gallery show at the Urban Artistic Gallery, with drinks sponsored by Yorkshire brewers Northern Monk.

On Saturday 24th, Pete Obsolete's pop-up doodle event OverDrawn will take over the Baum in Rochdale from 7pm to 10.30pm. Expect for every surface to be covered in plain white paper, just waiting to be drawn on.

And Sunday will see a series of artist talks featuring scene leaders including Urban Nation director Yasha Young, graffiti veteran Kelzo and London Police take place at the Rochdale Market and Food Hall between 2pm and 4pm. Here, festival-goers will have the chance to quiz artists directly and glean valuable insights from seasoned professional artists.

Taking place over August bank holiday weekend from 22nd to 26th August, we look forward to seeing some beautiful artwork inspired by the area's rich heritage.

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World-renowned street artists flock to Manchester for new urban graffiti festival | I Love Manchester (MCR)

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A host of world-renowned street artists will land in Greater Manchester later this month to adorn the drab buildings of Rochdale in their own distinctive styles. They're coming as part of a new five-day street art festival called Rochdale Uprising, which looks to breathe new life back into some of the North Manchester town's unloved ...

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The latest EN Roundtable, in association with Innovation Norway and Norway Trade Fairs, saw event organisers discussing the process of transposing an existing event brand to a new destination.
Attendees:

Amy Buckingham, Commercial Manager, Fresh Montgomery

Frazer Chesterman, Director, FM Future

Jan Gjære, Project Manager, Norway Trade Fairs

Britt Gorniok, International Project Manager, Innovation Norway

Nicola Macdonald, Editor, Exhibition News

Feraye Ozfescioglu, CEO of Aid&Trade London

Greg Sewell, Group Commercial Director, Clarion Events

Juliet Trew, Business Development Director - Events, Aviation Week Network, an Informa business

Anastasia Yates, Marketing Manager, Fresh Montgomery

Geo-cloning has rapidly become the go-to growth strategy for exhibition organisers looking to expand internationally. With less of the risk of a brand-new launch and an existing brand reputation to use as a launch pad and a statement of intent, geo-clones have proven to be a valuable tactic.

At the latest EN Roundtable, held at co-working space TOG at The Shard in London, event professionals gathered to discuss the challenges, risks and benefits of the geo-cloning process. To kick off the discussion, EN editor Nicola Macdonald reflects on a presentation by Easyfairs CEO Eric Everard at the UFI European Conference, where he posited that geo-cloning was one of the most effective growth strategies for organisers, providing that due diligence has been carried out in advance.

Greg Sewell, Clarion Events' group commercial director, adds: "We do a lot of our geo-cloning once we have some form of governmental backing. In terms of our oil and gas markets and also our defence markets. We'll have done a lot of ground work before you start to see or hear about it. That mitigates the risk; we've got 90 per cent of the work done, they'll help us with speakers and with rates on venues and we go from there."

Geo-cloning, he continues, has increased in importance for Clarion: "It's something we've woken up to. We had established brands, DSEI for example, but it's this year that we've taken that to Egypt and Japan. Why now? Because we're seeing it as a good way to take a solid brand with less risk around the world. We can't stand still - we have to make growth.

"We will also geo-clone to knock out a competitor. We're trying to take on some big players so we're using our strong brands to compete against those."

Feraye Ozfescioglu, CEO of Aid&Trade London and the World Humanitarian Forum, comments: "Government support is a key factor. Exhibitors and key stakeholders should be coming with you but also the strength of the country is an important factor in my field - if there are lots of NGOs or if the private sector is really strong, for example. Having a venue partner is something we would look into, but the main criteria would be the nature of the country that is hosting."

Juliet Trew, business development director - events at Informa-owned Aviation Week Network, says that government backing has less of a central role when it came to geo-cloning in her sector.

"What we're looking for is industry support," she explains. "If we're looking to geo-clone something we'll try and get a host partner or host sponsor, which for us would be a big maintenance or manufacturing organisation. We want them to give us sponsorship and also help us get into the community and from there launch the show. We're looking for our industry to say there is a need for an event."

You need market commitment and you need a sense that the market and geography is going to be right for what you need and what your exhibitors want" - Frazer Chesterman

Frazer Chesterman, director of FM Future, adds that he always looks for cornerstones when launching a show, such as committed ambassadors.

"That could be key exhibitors, major players - people who are interested in new markets - maybe press or local associations," he explains. "You build this key stakeholder group to help you step onto the ladder in the local market.

"There are challenges associated with going into any new market. Some people think if you have a successful brand you can geo-clone anything but that's not true, you need market commitment and you also need a sense that the market and geography is going to be right for what you need and what your exhibitors want."

Researching a new destination

When it comes to deciding on the best location to hold a new event, the criteria can vary wildly depending on the show's sector and subject matter. But one thing that is important is establishing strong partners on the ground.
Anastasia Yates, marketing manager at Fresh Montgomery, describes the launch of the Independent Hotel Show Amsterdam, a geo-clone of the organiser's existing event Independent Hotel Show London.

"Our target audience is very clear," she says. "it depends how many hotels are available and the star rating or equivalent. Then we would have someone come in and reach out to all the associations active in that sector in a country to establish whether there is a sense of community that we can tap into."

It's possible to do too much research. At a certain point the event organiser just has to make a decision" - Juliet Trew

Chesterman adds: "You know, if you're running an event in the UK already, exactly why it's successful. It has traction with the local market, it's got strong partners and associations involved - you know the key factors.

You've got to replicate that where you're going, and you need to do the research. Whether that's through exhibitors or on the ground with a research company or in Thailand for example the TCEB (Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau) is really strong. Some countries are very keen to get your business and will work very hard to make life easier for you, which can also be significant in making a decision.

Trew comments: "It is possible to do too much research. At a certain point the event organiser just has to make a decision and either you go or don't go for it. However much feedback you get it will always be a mix of pros and cons."

Go, or don't go

In the very early stages of a potential geo-clone, there are certain strategies which can reduce the risk of the launch.

Chesterman says: "You have to have a go/no-go period, so you know what you have to achieve by a certain point in your sales cycle. If you're not selling at that level, then stop doing it because it's not going to work."

"There always a risk with geo-cloning," adds Sewell. "Brand damage and all the rest of it. But I like to think we don't go until we're absolutely sure. No one gets shot in Clarion for trying, we've got a measured approach to risk."

There are ways of soft-launching an event with an established community, says Trew. "You can get a feeling when you just have a webpage and test the waters before going full 'save the date'."

"Things like that are cheap," agrees Chesterman. "You can invest in a website and start to build a community and build a story around it."

Consistent across events like ICE North America and ICE Africa, says Sewell, were the bellwethers.

"There's a two-pronged approach," he explains. The bellwethers are interested, they're at contract signing stage before we start to move. Second stage, and this is not uniquely Clarion, but we've expanded our global footprint with every acquisition, so we have offices all around the world. We've got that local knowledge so it's not quite such a big risk to go fishing when you have someone on the ground who can tell you what the dynamic is like."

Local knowledge

Macdonald asks how the attendees navigate relationships with local stakeholder and agents.

"We could be getting into country stereotypes, but they really do dominate how we work with agents," says Sewell. "We have agent networks in our power and utilities group, which is where we mostly focus our agent groups because they are the areas where we're getting international presence the most.

"We couldn't operate without a strong agent network. Most of our agents are in Germany and China, and they are fiercely protective. We're really at the mercy of some agents; they demand exclusivity and we have to hand over large swathes of our key accounts and it creates internal friction. Having said that, we cannot operate without them, and even with the geographical footprint that Clarion has, it's still the most cost-effective way of getting the coverage that we need."

Trew comments that on the whole she doesn't use agents, instead using the in-house sales team and contractors.

"Agents are also a way to overcome language barriers," adds Ozfescioglu. "In somewhere like China the culture is so different that if you don't have an agent you won't be able to bring certain groups of companies to your event."

Chesterman says that he has worked with agents and had offices in international locations.

"The challenge is controlling agents," he comments. "Stepping back a bit, say you have a European-run show and you want to geo-clone in another location. It's quite useful to have one of the sales guys who has the reputation with the market to go and do the work in that new location.

"It depends on the mix. When you first geo-clone you use the existing team and get them working on that first geo-clone. Agents can help you out but having that person who is well-known in the market and has good relationships can help with that step."

Sponsor Britt Gorniok, international project manager for Innovation Norway, concludes: "Geo-cloning can build your reputation, build loyalty and enable you to take the brand into new regions in a cost-effective way. But there are many pitfalls, mainly around market knowledge and cultural issues. Solid market analysis is therefore key, but it is also important to choose the right venue with a convenient location, a solid reputation and with a network of full-scale suppliers.

"Being the largest exhibition and conference centre in Norway, located 10 minutes from Oslo international airport - Oslo Trade Fair welcomes new international partnerships for mutually beneficial cooperation."
Featured image: Norway Trade Fairs.
Roundtable images: Myles Henry.

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EN Roundtable: Geo-cloning - expanding a brand - EN

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The latest EN Roundtable, in association with Innovation Norway and Norway Trade Fairs, saw event organisers discussing the process of transposing an existing event brand to a new destination.

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Acorn is a segmentation tool which categorises the UK’s population into demographic types. Acorn segments households, postcodes and neighbourhoods into 6 categories, 18 groups and 62 types.

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The Major Event governance guidance has been developed to assist national governing bodies, cities and local authorities in establishing events with effective business structures and implementing appropriate governance best practice.  UK Sport are able to provide support and resources in this area, full details of which can be found within the guidance.

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Carnival Project - Coventry University Outputs

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Carnival Project - Coventry University Outputs

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Carnival Research Project - The merits of mega-events

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Carnival Research Project - The merits of mega-events

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2014- A new four-year project, CARNIVAL, will critically analyse the management of high profile, mass participation mega-events like the Olympics.

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Academics at Coventry University are leading a new international research project to look at why expensive, large-scale sporting and cultural events often fail to deliver the beneficial legacies that their organisers and supporters promise.

Academics at Coventry University are leading a new international research project to look at why expensive, large-scale sporting and cultural events often fail to deliver the beneficial legacies that their organisers and supporters promise.

The four-year CARNIVAL project has received €852,000 funding from the European Commission, which will critically analyse the management of high-profile, mass participation mega-events like the Olympics.

Dr Samantha Gorse and Dr Ian Brittain at Coventry University's Centre for International Business of Sport (CIBS) are leading the project, which will involve over 30 researchers from the UK, Brazil, Germany, South Africa and the USA conducting field work at major sporting and cultural celebrations across the globe.

Researchers will work with organisers, promoters, officials and other stakeholders across industry and government, gathering evidence from previous mega-events and studying forthcoming occasions such as this year's World Cup in Rio and Mardi Gras Festival in New Orleans.

The team will be looking to uncover the reasons why mega-events have in the past failed to live up to expectations in terms of long-term social and economic impact. Their intention is to help determine how mega-events can be better managed in the future so that legacy benefits can be fully realised on a sustainable and responsible basis.

Dr Terri Byers, principal lecturer in sport management and researcher in CIBS, said: "Mega-events are enthusiastically embraced as a strategy for national promotion, profit generation and re-imaging, and the huge costs associated with bidding for and hosting these events is often justified through arguing that they create lasting and sustainable legacies. Unfortunately, in reality, the actual benefits realised are often much less than anticipated. The global economic crisis has really put the spotlight on what these major events achieve. When you look at the vast amounts of money being spent, governments need to be able to justify to their own populations what the legacy will be."
Anyone with an interest in the project should contact Samantha Gorse, project co-ordinator: samantha.gorse@coventry.ac.uk. Topics

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higher education network coventry university partner zone

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Academics at Coventry University are leading a new international research project to look at why expensive, large-scale sporting and cultural events often fail to deliver the beneficial legacies that their organisers and supporters promise.

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Brighton and Hove Outdoor Events Strategy

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Brighton and Hove Outdoor Events Strategy

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The Council has worked with partners and sector stakeholders to develop a new Strategy to further the significant benefits of the council’s Outdoor Events Programme in the city for future years.

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Culture and City Branding: Mega-Events and Iconic Buildings as Fragile Means to Brand the City

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Culture and City Branding: Mega-Events and Iconic Buildings as Fragile Means to Brand the City

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In September 2017, the Mega Event Policy Framework was developed in partnership by the country's lead major event organisations, and will seek to ensure that the world’s biggest events continue to be regularly hosted in the UK. Objectives set out within the framework will help identify long-term mega event hosting targets across the UK, reduce the likelihood of bidding and delivery conflict and enhance collaboration and co-hosting opportunities in an increasingly devolved UK landscape.

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The Audience Agency is a mission-led charity: our purpose is to enable cultural organisations to use our national data to increase their relevance, reach and resilience.

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Know Your Audiences. Grow Your Audiences.

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2014 Getty Images

In November 2012, the DCMS and UK Sport published guidance on bidding and staging major sporting events in the UK. A Stage to Inspire sets out the landscape for delivering major sporting events in the UK based on the nation's experience of delivering the successful London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Since A Stage to Inspire was published, the UK has continued to establish itself as a leading destination for hosting world class sporting events through the efforts of a wide range of partners and agencies. For this reason, DCMS and UK Sport have extended its event programme to include all major sporting events receiving financial or technical support at a UK-level from UK Sport or DCMS. This approach is set out in the Gold Framework which was launched in 2015 and updated in 2018.

In September 2017, the Mega Event Policy Framework was developed in partnership by the country's lead major event organisations, and will seek to ensure that the world's biggest events continue to be regularly hosted in the UK. Objectives set out within the framework will help identify long-term mega event hosting targets across the UK, reduce the likelihood of bidding and delivery conflict and enhance collaboration and co-hosting opportunities in an increasingly devolved UK landscape.

Gold Framework

The Gold Framework sets out the landscape for major sporting events across the UK, and the roles of the key partners and stakeholders responsible for support and delivery. A short resume of each programme is provided below, but further details can be found in the framework document, including information on how the strategic priority of an event determines the support that UK Sport can consider.

Major Event Governance Guidance

Effective leadership, robust governance and strong decision making have become pillars of the UK's major event hosting proposition. Implementing structured and transparent practices, which take the best elements from corporate governance best practice, will help to enhance the UK's major event staging credentials and lead to even higher quality events.

The Major Event governance guidance has been developed to assist national governing bodies, cities and local authorities in establishing events with effective business structures and implementing appropriate governance best practice. UK Sport are able to provide support and resources in this area, full details of which can be found within the guidance.

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2014 Getty Images In November 2012, the DCMS and UK Sport published guidance on bidding and staging major sporting events in the UK. A Stage to Inspire sets out the landscape for delivering major sporting events in the UK based on the nation's experience of delivering the successful London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

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The Gold Framework sets out the landscape for major sporting events across the UK, and the roles of the key partners and stakeholders responsible for support and delivery. A short resume of each programme is provided below, but further details can be found in the framework document, including information on how the strategic priority of an event determines the support that UK Sport can consider.