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1. Who was the group that kicked out the Somoza Family, and what kind of government did they want to create?
2. Was there any problems with the power shift from the SLN to the PLC?
3. What US city did the uprising gang, MS13, originate from

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The MS13 was founded in Los Angeles by refugees from Nicaragua, Guatemala, and El Salvador

Left their countries to escape the civil war

Young people form gangs in Nicaragua off the influence of MS13

They have taken territory in neighborhoods and rural areas

These gangs are constantly fighting, as well as robbing and killing others

Nicaragua has been strengthening their efforts to preventing the gangs from further violence

There have been worse gangs in neighboring countries, but Nicaragua is trying to make sure that these gangs will soon filter out, with constant involvement to remove them from the country

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As the Cold War was coming to an end, the fear of Soviet opposition began to fade

Shortages of gas and electricity were caused by the war

Sandinistas did not follow through with their promises

Gave  unarmed civic opposition freedoms, so allowed to protest/strike

Contras relied heavily on US aid, and if no aid was present, the Sandinistas could fight off the rebels

Other issues were around as well, like foreign debt, illegal drugs and terrorism

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Placed in by Ronald Regan in 1985 to undermine the Sandinista government

Halted all exports and imports from Nicaragua and the US

The embargo was deemed to violate international law, which the US was supposed to pay reparations toward Nicaragua as punishment

US didn’t and continued the embargo until President Bush lifted it in 1990

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From 1937-1979, Nicaragua was ruled by the Somoza family.

Main opposition to Somoza was the FSLN

In 1979, the Junta of National Reconstruction, a five member committee of FSLN leaders became the ruling power in Nicaragua

In 1984, held a presidential election, which was called the cleanest held election in Nicaragua since 1928

Junta ceded power to president-elect Daniel Ortega

Considered to be a completely peaceful shift in power from the FSLN to the PLC.

The Nicaragua Revolution was possible because FSLN and the Junta of National Reconstruction, not being in power, but having the support of the public.

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The Reagan administration sold weapons to Iran in hopes for the release of American hostages in Lebanon.

These actions were taken without the approval of Congress.

The United States sold anti-tank missiles to the Iranians for the hostages

The administration then took the money from the weapons and gave it to the Contras, a guerrilla group in Nicaragua

The Contras were fighting against the socialist government in Nicaragua and the US governments was backing them.

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Jose Daniel Ortega Saavedra was born November 11, 1945

First elected in January 10, 1985 – April 25, 1990 and had a second term in 1990

He was the coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction

Opposed ruling from Anastasio Somoza Debayle

Became involved in the Sandinstas to get rid of Debayle

After the Nicaraguan revolution, becaome leader of the Junta of National Reconstruction

Not the best relationship with the US because the US supplied opposing groups

Lost the 1990 election to Violeta de Chamorro who was supported by the US

Became President again in 2007, and is currently the President of Nicaragua

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Sandinista National Liberation Front

Founded in 1962, named after hero Cesar Augusto Sandino, to create socialism and kick out dictatorship

Split into three factions after main leaders were killed in mid 1970s in which they debated on what to do with the growing rebellion

Helped overthrow President Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979, ending the dictatorship that lasted for 46 years

Governed Nicaragua from 1979 -1990