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Although a rather minor detail, page 138 of Lord of the Flies is the first instance in the novel where Sam and Eric have fused into one person and collectively referred to as "Samneric", symbolizing the loss of identity the boys encounter the longer they remain isolated from the civilized world.

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Over the course of these two chapters more and more of the  boys on the island slowly begin to accept Jack's ideas and savage nature. When Jack finally has power, it symbolizes how without civilization, human instincts and nature over power morals and humanity.

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Alternatively, Simon's death symbolized how the inherent cruelty of humans will often harm the innocent and naive first, as Simon, the most virtuous of all the boys, died attempting to protect the boys from themselves.

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Ralph and Piggy, the two characters who represent civilization, finally succumb to savage impulses and eat the meat obtained through violence and ritual. This represents how the influence of civilization on the island is rapidly degrading as more and more of the boys join Jack to hunt and partake in savagery. The conch is also powerless in these chapter as savagery suppresses rational thought.

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Ralph and Piggy are some of the few boys who have not adapted to the savage lifestyle on the island and refuse to lose their humanity.  The idea of building a new fire goes back to the hope of being rescued and reuniting with civilization. The timing of the event is especially important due to many of the other boys giving up on the idea of being rescued and following Jack by embracing a new lifestyle and shedding their own humanity.

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Simon's epiphany and deep conversation with the titular Lord of the Flies

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Simon's epiphany and deep conversation with the titular Lord of the Flies

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Simon steals away at the beginning of chapter 8 to his forest hideout. After seeing Jack's cronies drive a pike into the ground and place the severed head of a sow on it, he hallucinates and realizes that the "beast" was never the monster the littluns feared, but rather the potential for malevolence in humans. As foreshadowed in chapter 6 with the boys' fear of a dead human parachuter, humans beings are truly "bestial" because they willing engage in violent acts resulting in the death of millions to resolve disputes (war).

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Throughout Lord of the Flies, Jack has been drifting farther and farther from civilization, as seen in his deteriorating relationship with the characters that represent it. In chapter 8, the formation of the new tribe that rejects the conch shows that his transformation from a civilized boy to a savage one has been complete.

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After Jack denigrates Ralph in an attempt to grab power like the imperious individual he is in chapter 8, he administers a vote to gauge his public approval. Wishing to avoid judgement, none of the boys elect Jack as their new leader and instead secretly leave to join his tribe while gathering wood later.

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Simon realizes that there is no beastie and that it is just a dead parachuter- goes back to idea that the "beast" is inside them and how Simon still has some humanity by seeing things for what they actually are. Simon has not embraced the carefree savage nature like the other boys had.

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Simon's unfortunate death in chapter 9 symbolizes how both civilization and savagery fight to protect themselves from the Beast, which only Simon knows is inside everyone. The fact that the only one who realizes that the Beast is actually something inside people dies shows how ignorant both sides of the human condition can be.

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Jack is power-hungry and seeks the admiration and respect Ralph is awarded with his chief position. Using Ralph's dismissal of the hunters as a platform for criticism, Jack attempts evoke public furor amongst the other hunters against Ralph by twisting Ralph's words.