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Taupo eruption and vegetation succession

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Taupo eruption and vegetation succession

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The 186 A.D. eruption of Taupo in New Zealand has been considered one of the largest eruptionsduring the last 10,000 years. It produced over 50 cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and debris and pyroclastic flows that destroyed over 20,000 square kilometers of the North Island of New Zealand. This destroyed the vegetation and vegetation succession had to being again starting with pioneer plants that could survive the conditions and prep the soil for other less hardy plants.

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Map showing the tongariro natural environment

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Map showing the tongariro natural environment

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Including the Rangipo desert and SW Ruapehu

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Mean rainfall: 1048mm
Mean temp:8.9 degrees
days with frost:100.6
days with snow: 15.

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Mean rainfall: 1320mm
mean temp: 10.1 degrees
days with frost: 105.8
days with snow: 4.3

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The soil in the Rangipo desert is light, dry and sandy. It is loose and has poor fertility therefore making it harder for vegetation to grow. This also means that vegetation succession can not be carried out as the conditions and location do not allow it. In the desert the plants that are able to grow are the Tussock Grasses which suit the area of harsh winds and dry conditions. However vegetation that requires more water like Podocarp Forests could not survive as of the lack of rainfall.

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To the SW of Ruapheu there is dark, rich and moist soil. It has 'rich' fertility which means that more is able to grow in that area because of the soil. Also this environment allows for vegetation succession to be completed due to its fertile and adaptable soil. This environment therefore can cater for more plants. The high rainfall levels are due to the fact that the wind comes across from the Tasman Sea to the West reaching the SW of Ruapehu and along with the rain comes the rainfall.

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These can cope with the conditions

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600m asl
diverse community

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1000m asl

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Podocarp forests are a mixture of tall podocarps (Totara, Rimu, matai) and smaller trees (hardwoods) with an understory of shrubs, plants, and ferns with distinct layers. Faster growing and can regenerate quickly. Grows best at the warmer temperatures found at lower altitudes. Also prefers higher rainfall levels.

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These are hardy grass like plants that grow in clumps. These plants take her after tall shrublands have colonised the area. Tussock can tolerate frequent ash showers, harsh winds and dry conditions.