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1.

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13 colonies and the British

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There were six groups:  slaves, free blacks, mulattos, mestizos, Creoles, and peninsulares

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Why Creoles Fought For Latin American Independence - LAR 

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Why Creoles Fought For Latin American Independence - LAR 

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Why did the Mestizos work for the Peninsular and the Creoles  

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Why did the Mestizos work for the Peninsular and the Creoles  

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The Mestizos were forced to do be an independent villager and worked as skilled labors but some Mestizos were not willing to do this.

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Lasted from 1802 to 1826

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Only Peninsulares and creoles had power, the lower classes had little status, and the educated creoles spread Enlightenment ideas.

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Peninsulares and creoles controlled wealth and lower classes worked really hard (as peasants or slaves)

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French Revolution inspired ideas. Injustices and repression (committed by royal officials). Napoleon's conquest of Spain triggered revolts

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The natives and African Natives were the lowest society group but also the largest group. They were not known as citizens but did much labor such as peasants or slaves.

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European and African mixed ancestry.

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Mestizos made up the majority of the society because it was mixed European and Indian. They worked as a servant to the Peninsular and Creoles and as plantation overseers and farmhands. These were the people of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage who in 1800 made up about 7% of the total population.  Most mestizos were small farmers, shopkeepers, artisans, and overseers in mines and on haciendas (ranches and plantations.)

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The term Latin America primarily refers to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries in the New World. Before the arrival of the Europeans in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the region was home to many indigenous peoples, a number of which had advanced civilizations, most notably from North to South; the Aztec, Maya, Muisca and Inca.

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Creoles were Spaniards born in the Latin american colonies who were officers in the army, nut not in government and controlled much of the land and business in the colonies. They could be Americans by birth but Europeans by law. The Creoles had growing economic and social influence but the Peninsulares monopolized all administrative positions.

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Were men born in Spain or Portugal who held highest offices and important military and political positions.

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The american and french revolution´s had a lot of impact, and the spread of enlightenment ideas from the United States.

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Napoleon invades Spain, and sets up colonies in Latin America, and then strong leaders in Latin America wanted independence.

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1789 - 1799

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For hundreds of years the people of France have blindly followed the king and accepted their place in life. in the 1700 the cultural weekend begin to change the Era of Enlightenment presented new ideas such as liberty and equality. The American Revolution represented new type of government where the people world rather than a king.  King Louis XVI had been losing power within the French government he was a weak King and didn't realize how bad the situation was for the commoners in France. The third estate members formed the National Assembly to force the king to make reforms. The king was in conflict with the commoners but the King and nobles could not agree on reforms! (changes)

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The estates were generally made up on different groups of people such as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd estate such as a nun or peasants. These are estates were very important social divisions in the culture of ancient France. What estate you belonged to had a major impact on your social status and quality of life.

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The commoners made all the taxes and since the King raised the taxes price the commoners had to eat bread to survive, however the cost of bread SKYROCKETED and people were hungry and starving.

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In 1789 the French government was in a major financial crisis. The king borrowed a lot to maintain his expensive lifestyle that he was living. The government also borrowed money to fight Great Britain. The country was in so much debt the King had no other choice than to try to raise the taxes. Since the commoners (3rd estate) paid most of the taxes, the first and second estate did not pay any taxes. This angered the commoners, because the nobles did not have to pay their share of taxes. France was in deep debt at this time.

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Hobbes had many new ideas about rights , power and government (just like John Locke did), but his thoughts were very different from Locke´s. Hobbes believed that ¨people lived in a state of nature¨. In state of nature, ¨everyone had a right to everything¨. He believed that no individual rights and therefore, he believed there was no real reason for people to respect one another and or their property. Hobbes also believed that if people wanted to be protected that they had to give up their power to their government and they no longer could make any decisions for themselves.

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From 1795-1799, France was ruled by 5 men known as the Directory. Napoleon Bonaparte made a name for himself in the French Consul.
Napoleon established a national banking system, set up an efficient taxation system, ended government corruption, restored the position of the Catholic Church in France, (gaining favor of people and the Pope) and last but not least wrote a uniform system of laws known ad the Napoleonic Code.

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The population of France during the revolutionary was 20 million people.

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1. (7-3.1) - French Revolution
2. Document 2. The three estates in Pre-Revolutionary France
3. http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0374-third-estate.php
4.http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0373-second-estate.php
5.http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0372-first-estate.php
6. https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/chap1a.html
7.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_the_French_Revolution
8. Causes of the French Revolution
9. http://www.ducksters.com/
10. http://www.historydiscussion.net/world-history/french-revolution/causes-of-french-revolution-political-social-and-economic-causes/1881

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The third estate which was 97% of the population in France. This estate included lawyers, craftsmen, merchants and peasants. The majority of the taxes were left for the commoners to pay, while being underrepresented in government.

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The second estate nobility, was 2% of the population and owned 25% of the land. Nobility means the quality of being noble in character, mind, birth, or rank. The nobles collected dues and rent from the peasants who lived on their lands. These people held most of the high offices in the land, got special privileges

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The first estate was the Roman Catholic clergy, the owned 15% of the land and were only 1% of the population.  Clergy means the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church. These people worked in the churches including priests, monks, bishops and nuns.

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29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704

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John Locke had lots of ideas about rights, power and government. Locke thought that everyone was born with a set of ¨natural rights.¨ These rights were the right to live, liberty and property. Locke believed in the social contract, but he also thought it went both ways, such as ¨the people agreed to give up some freedoms but only if the government agrees to protect everyone's right. Everyone has power and even if people give up their power they should be protected by their leaders.¨ Locke thought that we should have more of a Democracy were the people and the government work together and to protect each other.

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Was the new beliefs about the authority and the role of a individual in the government.

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1. Coach Lybrand´s  notes

2. https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/the-destruction-of-the-tea

3. http://www.history.com/

4. Causes of the American Revolution

5. 7- 2.5 American Revolution

6. https://www.landofthebrave.info/intolerable-acts.htm

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This happened in the Boston Harbor, when a group of colonist form Massachusetts dressed up as a group of Mohawk Indians and boarded 3 tea ships (Beaver, Dartmouth, and Eleanor) and dumped 340 chests ( 92,000 lbs ) roughly 46 tons. This was organized by the Sons Of Liberty because the colonist did not want to pay taxes on the British tea. The Boston Tea Party occurred on the night of December 16 in 1773.

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The British had a victory in this war. This war lasted 7 years.  England gained French territory and Spanish Florida. The indigo trade increased. The colonies relationship with there mother country changed.

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The first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in 1774. Men from the colonies. That cut off imports from Britain until the intolerable acts were repealed. Set up  communities to enforce shutdown of trade with Britain.

The second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in 1775 there were 5 delegates elected from First Continental Congress.  They also selected a secret committee to collect all the arms and ammunition.

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It occurred in 1773 that was made to try to say the English East India Company from bankruptcy. This act gave the company a monopoly to sell there tea in the colonies. The Boston Tea Party was a big event that happened during the time of this act.

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Trade laws also known as Economic Impacts -
England enforced several laws that caused impacts on the economic part of some peoples lives. England enforced mercantilism polices which meant there was no longer free trade. Trade with France was now illegal. The smugglers were not put on trial with out a jury. Great Britain also took on significant debt from the war.

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This was a law that was passed by the parliament that placed import duty on tea, paint, lead and glass

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This was a law passed by the British parliament. It was imposed on all the american colonist and required them to pay tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Such as ship papers, legal documents, licences, newspaper, other publications and even there playing cards were taxed.

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This was were the British Decided that the colonies needed to be punished for the Boston Tea Party.