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But in case anyone is still up here is a quizlet study guide I pulled together from our answers (it's easier to study off of):
https://quizlet.com/_3h301r

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Identify and discuss four theories of socioemotional development and aging.
- Erikson's Theory
Integrity Versus Despair: Reflecting on the past positively or concluding that life was crappy. +Life Review: looking back on one's experiences, evaluating them, interpreting them and reinterpreting them.
- Activity Theory:
The more active you are as an older adult, the more likely you are to be satisfied with life. Since previous roles have been stripped with age, it is important to find substitute roles that keep them active and involved.
- Socioemotional Selectivity Theory:
Old people become more selective when forming their social circles. High value of emotional satisfaction
-maximizes positive emotional experiences
-minimizes emotional risks
- Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory
Successful aging depends on three factors:
1 selection: loss of functioning=>perform at reduced levels.
2 optimization: You can maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and use of new technologies.
3 compensation: Relevant only when a life task requires a higher level of capacity; above what you are currently performing at so you (attempt) to compensate.

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Identify and discuss the stages of loss as described by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross:

Denial & Isolation: The first reaction to learning about the terminal illness, loss, or death of a cherished loved one is to deny the reality of the situation. “This isn’t happening, this can’t be happening,”

Anger: As the masking effects of denial and isolation begin to wear, reality and its pain re-emerge. The denial can not be maintained.

Bargaining: The normal reaction to feelings of helplessness and vulnerability is often a need to regain control–

If only we had sought medical attention sooner…

If only we got a second opinion from another doctor…

If only we had tried to be a better person toward them…

Depression: The person comes to accept the certainty of his or her death. Sadness and regret appears

Acceptance: They develop the sense of peace and calmness, accepts their fate, and may also have the desire to be left alone.

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#5 ~Julia~ Explain how midlife is changing, and define middle adulthood.

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#5 ~Julia~ Explain how midlife is changing, and define middle adulthood.

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From discovering the importance of exercise to slowing down the age process through medical discoveries, middle age seems to be starting later and lasting longer for healthy , active individuals. One study characterizes middle age by enjoying afternoon naps, groaning when you bend down, and would rather have a relaxing night in then a night out. Midlife is also around the time you transition from work to Retirement.
Middle age begins at 40/44 to 60/65. Physical skills decline while responsibility widens. Become more conscious of the young old polarity and their time on earth running out. Want to transmit something meaningful to the next generation. And a time when people reach and maintain satisfaction in their careers.

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#12 - Katie - Issues in determining death and decisions regarding death:

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#12 - Katie - Issues in determining death and decisions regarding death:

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Determining when someone is dead isn't as simple as it used to be. "brain dead" is the term for when all electrical activity in the brain ceases, and this is the neurological definition of death. However the body may still live after declared brain dead, so that is why it is controversial.

Advanced care planning: An Advance Directive is like a will but it states preferences for end-of-life care. (and is now widely accepted)
Euthanasia: not legal everywhere and also controversial. Individuals must decide what is quality of life.
Lack of care for dying individuals: some medical advances have made dying harder by delaying the inevitable. Hospice care has grown rapidly, 90% of which is provided in the patient's home. But there is a great need for competent care aids.

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Hannah: #3  Identify and describe stability and change in temperament, and summarize adult attachment styles. PG. 432

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Hannah: #3  Identify and describe stability and change in temperament, and summarize adult attachment styles. PG. 432

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Stability and Change in Temperament
- Temperament is an individual's behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses.
- ex: a child with easy temperament at ages 3-5 were likely to be well-adjusted as young adults (similar with other temperaments)
- Studies reveal some continuity and not drastic change, however studies also show links between temperament in childhood and personality into adulthood might vary depending on the intervening contexts in individuals' experiences.
Adult Attachment Styles:
- Secure attachment style is where the adult has positive views of romantic relationships, finds it easy to get close to others and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about relationships.
- Avoidant attachment style is where the adult is hesitant about getting into a romantic relationship and once they are in one tend to distance themselves.
- Anxious attachment style is where the adult demands closeness, are less trusting, more emotional, jealous and possessive.

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#6. Explain and discuss career development, work and leisure in middle adulthood- 475

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#6. Explain and discuss career development, work and leisure in middle adulthood- 475

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Work
- middle aged adults reach their peak in positions and earnings
- have many financial burdens: rent/mortgage, child care, medical bills, etc.
- ability to work effectively peaks during middle age because of increased motivation, work experiences, employer loyalty, and better strategic thinking
- quality of work has been linked to how much their work is appreciated and how well they get along with their immediate supervisors.
-midlife is a time of evaluation, reflection, and assessment is terms of work they are currently doing and work in the future
Career Challenges
- decline in defined-benefits pensions and increased uncertainty about health insurance are decreasing the sense of personal control among middle- aged workers
- early retirement- results from companies restructuring, downsizing, and outsourcing jobs
Leisure
- learn how to relax
-discover new hobbies
- more money is available and more free time to take vacations

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Explain how to age successfully:

Research says that to age successfully you should:

Meditate regularly

Maintain a balanced diet

And exercise for 30 minutes at least 3x a week.

Disease will counter the effect of aging successfully. If disease is in play, all bets off**

P. 530

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7. Identify and describe personality theories and socioemotional development in middle adulthood.

·         Generativity vs. stagnation, a time when people think about the contribution they are making to the world. Generativity involves finding one's life’s work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children; those who do not master this task may experience a feeling of stagnation.

·         Central tasks during middle adulthood can include maintaining healthy life patterns, raising children or in some way helping future generations, being proud of one's accomplishments, or taking care of aging parents.

·         The main triggers for a mid-life crisis include problems with work, trouble in a marriage, children growing up and leaving the home, or the aging or death of a person's parents.

·         a search for an undefined dream or goal

·         a deep sense of regret for goals not accomplished

·         a fear of humiliation among more successful colleagues

·         a desire to achieve a feeling of youthfulness

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9. Identify and describe aging and adaptation to work and retirement. 

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9. Identify and describe aging and adaptation to work and retirement. 

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pg. 554-556
People are choosing to retire later than what they use to. This is usually due to not having enough money for retirement.Older employees are favored because of higher job satisfaction, lower absenteeism and a lower occurrence of accidents. Studies have shown that jobs with high mental demands actually improve the cognitive abilities in older workers. Similarly, physical and cognitive health decline significantly after retirement.
Those that adjust to retirement better are those that are healthy, financially secure, active, and have an extended social network.  Others who are not like the above tend to have a harder time dealing with the stresses of retirement because of lack of money and loneliness.
Flexibility and planning are key to successful retirement.

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RUTH: 2. Identify and describe the cognitive changes in early adulthood. 

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RUTH: 2. Identify and describe the cognitive changes in early adulthood. 

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Pg. 419
Piaget: adolescent and adult think qualitatively in same way  formal operational stage (final stage in cognitive development): more logical, abstract and idealistic thinking
- more quantitative advanced (more knowledge than adolescents)
Creativity: - peaks in adulthood (often in 40s and then declines), first step in living a creative life is to cultivate curiosity and interest (Csikszentmihalyi)

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8. Identify and describe how a person’s brain and body change in late adulthood.

BRAIN
-Brain weight decreases 5-10%
- 15% Brain Volume prefrontal cortex shrinks the most
- Fitness=Bigger hippocampus= better memory
BODY CHANGING
- Wrinkles
- Age Spots
- Gets Shorter
- Lose Weight
Sleep is super important
- aging declines the immune system
- Exercise increase the immune system

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1. Identify and describe the “major changes” in adolescence.

pg. 341

Physical Changes:

Puberty:  rapid physical maturation, growth spurt for girls at age 9 (average) and age 11 for boys (average), girls often have a negative body image, boys can have both, girls will have their first period (=menarche)

Brain: - more abstract thinking, thickening of corpus callosum (thicker for girls than for boys), Limbic System: emotions + rewards are more developed than ‘stop + think’ (reasoning + logic)

Sexuality: - sexual exploration, experimentation, intercourse in this stage might have negative developmental outcomes, sexuality is incorporated in identity, sexuality can affect health (mental + physical), can also lead to substance abuse

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Some people spend their final days in isolation and fear. Most individuals wish to die at home but a lot of them also feel like they'll be a burden or that dying at home will alter relationships.

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Identitfy and describe what makes marriages work, parenting, and divorce
Marriage: Establish love maps-successful marriages have detailed maps of each others lifes and work.
Let your partner influence you: sharing power and respect the others person view
Turn toward each other: Respect each other point of view when in an argument

Parenting: A birth of a child will save a failing marriage. As a possession of the parent the childw will think, feel, and behave as the parent did in his or her child. Gives parents second chances to achieve that they should have.

Divorce: legally dissolve one's marriage with (someone). "The defeated" had problems before the divorce and problems increased afterwards
"The seeker" individuals were motivated to find new mates.