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A cape is a high point of land that extends into a river, lake, or ocean. Some capes, such as the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, are parts of large landmasses. Others, such as Cape Hatteras in the U.S. state of North Carolina, are parts of islands.

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a river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake.

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a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water.

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An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as an effect of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas of differing elevations. Usually escarpment is used interchangeably with scarp.

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Media Credits

The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited.

Writers

Kim Rutledge
Tara Ramroop
Diane Boudreau
Melissa McDaniel
Santani Teng
Erin Sprout
Hilary Costa
Hilary Hall
Jeff Hunt

Illustrators

Mary Crooks, National Geographic Society
Tim Gunther

Editors

Jeannie Evers, Emdash Editing
Kara West

Educator Reviewer

Nancy Wynne

Producer

Caryl-Sue, National Geographic Society

Sources

Dunn, Margery G. (Editor). (1989, 1993). "Exploring Your World: The Adventure of Geography." Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.

Last Updated

Jan. 21, 2011

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Media Credits The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited.

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A continental divide is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea, and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea, or else is endorheic, not connected to the open sea.

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volcano a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

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volcano a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

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the part of the land adjoining or near the sea

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a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another such stream.

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An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by forces acting upon this mean flow, such as breaking waves, wind, the Coriolis effect, cabbeling, temperature and salinity differences, while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon.

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a fertile spot in a desert where water is found.

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a piece of land surrounded by water.

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the expanse of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface and surrounds its landmasses.

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a place on the coast where vessels may find shelter, especially one protected from rough water by piers, jetties, and other artificial structures.

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a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land, with a narrow mouth

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a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.

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A land-form where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, dessert, estuary or lake

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Channel a length of water wider than a strait, joining two larger areas of water, especially two seas.

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Channel a length of water wider than a strait, joining two larger areas of water, especially two seas.

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They can be created over thousands of years or almost overnight. The major types of basins are river drainage basins, structural basins, and ocean basins. A river drainage basin is an area drained by a river and all of its tributaries. A river basin is made up of many different watersheds.

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a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward.