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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

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1.Allan Bakke, a white man, had twice applied for admission to the University of California. He was rejected both times but his qualifications (college GPA and test scores) exceeded those of any of the minority students admitted in the two years. Bakke contended, first in the California courts, then in the Supreme Court, that he was excluded from admission solely on the basis of race.

2.  minority students & Most ethnicity

3.There was no single majority opinion. So, the Court managed to minimize white opposition to the goal of equality (by finding for Bakke) while extending gains for racial minorities through affirmative action.
4. The Supreme Court ruled that a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school's use of "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances.

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1.He was committing a convenience store robbery.He told the owner to get down and then he shot him in the neck

2.His argument was that the jury did not take consideration or her youth. The jury said that were able to express a reasoned and moral response to Johnson's mitigating evidence

3.They decided to send him to death, with answer both special question with yes, because they thought he did it on purpose and would still be a danger

4. the trial court sentenced Dorsie Johnson to death

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The New York Times wanted to publish classified documents about the United States involvement in the Vietnam war. These were private documents that the Nixon Administration did not want to be out for the public.

1. The Vietnam war was a very controversial war, a lot of people did not want to go to war. A lot of things that happened in Vietnam was kept secret to the public. The New York Times getting their hands on documents was huge news
2. The New York times wanted to give the people the news they wanted and represent freedom of speech. Whereas the government wanted classified information to stay classified
3.  The Supreme court sided on the New York Times 6-3 because of protecting the first amendment
4.The people got what they wanted and exposed the Nixon Administration  and the things they did in Vietnam

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Obergefell v. Hodges 2015 : six lower court cases representing sixteen same sex couples, seven of their children, a widower, an adoption agency and a funeral director. 

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Obergefell v. Hodges 2015 : six lower court cases representing sixteen same sex couples, seven of their children, a widower, an adoption agency and a funeral director. 

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kaitlyn and karissa
1- The Obergefell petitioners asked the Court to consider whether Ohio's refusal to recognize marriages from other jurisdictions violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantees of due process and eqaul protection, and whether the state's refusal to recognize the adoption judgment of another state violated the U.S. Constitution's Full Faith and Credit Clause.
2- People wanted to get married who are of the same sex, but judge's believe that it does not specify that same-sex couples can legally get married, the judges definition of marriage is between two individuals of the opposite sex
3- 5-4 decision and held it the 14th amendment that requires to grant same-sex marriages and make them granted in all states.
4- The biggest impact was that people thought people that wanted to get married and they were the same sex were trying to ruin the tradition of having a wedding with a different sexes.

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1,  In 1951 the New York State Board of Regent approved a 22-word prayer for recitation each morning in the public schools of New York. The Regents believed that could be useful for the development of character and good citizenship among the students of the State of New York. And participation in the “prayer-exercise” was voluntary.
2, church and state
3,  Unconstitutional. Because Justice Hugo Black think the State of New York has used a wholly inconsistent with the Establishment Clause.
4, Thereafter, State governments could not “prescribe by law any particular form of prayer which is to be used as an official prayer in carrying on any program of government sponsored religious activity.”