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-Farming (agriculture) as one of the main source of income
-Plant paddies during November to December
-Celebration of Hari Gawai during April and May

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-Make medicines from fruits called tapui
-could cure severe disease and minor injuries

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-Indigenious costumes
-Make bamboo handicrafts
-Product made from natural sources

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In the olden days, the Bidayuh tribes lived in longhouses, which are normally located in remote rural areas. This was done to prevent them from being attacked and robbed by their enemies. The longhouse is a community, and the people in it have many things in common like their religion and fears.

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It is a roundhouse that rises about 1.5 metres off the ground. It serves as the granary and the meeting house for the settlement's community. Festivals and rituals are held here.

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- Headsman - Elected on merit
- Warriors
- Families

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Education

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Those with good academic background will be greatly respected by the Bidayuh community.

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1.       Parents less interested in supporting education

2.       Belief that women will eventually marry and go to their husband’s family

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Musics and Artcrafts

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Belief and Religions

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Norms and Taboos

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1. Was brought in by Catholic Christian missionaries between mid-1800's and early-1900's
2. Started by formation of missionary schools for the spreading of the teachings of the bible
3. Earliest villages that received the education were the village of Quop, Semaba, Seratau, Taee and Pichin among others.
4. Until present, these villages produced the most graduates for the Bidayuh tribe.

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Stage 1: MLE Playschool — three- to four-year-old children

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Stage 1: MLE Playschool — three- to four-year-old children

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-Develops skills and knowledge through games and adventurous activities.

-Uses the local Bidayuh language such as Rara, Salako, Biatah, Bukar-Sadung and Bau Bidayuh.

-Develop their linguistic skills through many reading activities.

Example :
1) children develop their confidence and ability in their mother tongue by interacting and doing pre-reading activities

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Stage 2: MLE Kindergarten Year 1 — five-year-old children

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Stage 2: MLE Kindergarten Year 1 — five-year-old children

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-Focuses heavily on writing and reading skills. Main emphasis is on the Bidayuh languages
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-Many children who finished this year are able to read, write and apply simple arithmetic skills.

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Stage 3: MLE Kindergarten Year 2 — six-year-old children

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Stage 3: MLE Kindergarten Year 2 — six-year-old children

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-Vernacular skills are emphasized with more reading practices and creative writing assignments.

-Bahasa Malaysia is introduced. Mainly focued on reading and writing skills.

-English oral skills will also be introduced.

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Practice of values and norms were passed down to them by their elders hence they are responsible to keep the tradition going.

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Practice of values and norms were passed down to them by their elders hence they are responsible to keep the tradition going.

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Rice and paddy
-symbolizes the hard work, tears, sweat and blood
-respect for the rice is still being practice or say that respect for the hard work and their energy to make a living for the family

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1. Avoid stealing because the incoming baby will be a thief

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2. Cannot eat deer meat because it might cause the baby to get mad and it will also bring difficulties in delivering process.

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3.Cannot go out during the twilight to avoid ghost disturbance or “umot sanja” which will disturb the baby.

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1.Traditionally animisme
-the Brooke Family brought in Christianity
-majority are Roman Catholic
-small number of Bidayuh have converted to Islam

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2.They hung the pieces of cloth in their house to preserve the village from evil influence.

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3.The Bidayuhs wore the scary mask while dancing to chase away the crop pests and the bad spirit

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5. It is disallowed to dry the ponds, wells, or rivers because the wife would have bleedingupon pregnancy.

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4. It is disallowed to clean or set up the drain because they afraid of getting chipped lips

baby.

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4.A hornbill crest tops a Bidayuh headhouse as it is a symbol of good fortune.

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5.Effigies are set on the path to ward off evil spirits.

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-long loin cloth wrapped around the body with one end hanging down in front and one at the back (tauwoup or tahup)
-made of blue cotton cloth with red, black and white band at the end
-wearing of headgear (burang samba)
-red cloth with a narrow border of golden lace
-prefer to wear the blue headgear ending in three broad bands of red, blue and white
-sometimes wear armlet (kima) and occasionally earing

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-made of high quality ceramic beads and pendants
-pendants may be made from wild animal tooth or artificial tooth
-colourful rows of beads stitched/tied together with strings of nylon or small wires stripe
-worn during official functions, cultural dinners and also for everyday use
-it is one of the Bidayuh's identity

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-short-sleeved or sleeveless blouse
-jomuh (skirt)
-matching accessories
-selapai(sash), porik(copper/metal belt),sipiah(headgear),pangiah(bead necklace)
-sipiah is made up of beads, labuci dan "syiling perak" (red, black, white)
-porik is made up of "syiling perak"

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6.Head hunting
-symbol of the warrior’s strength and bravery. The heads were placed above the fireplace in the middle of the house to prevent the head’s spirit from bringing harm to the living.
-The Bidayuh of Bau district hang the bodies of the dead on trees and left to rot away as a reminder of the dead.

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-Bamboo transverseflutes
-Can be played by both man and woman
-Upper third of it is decorated using Buti' Dawe' Tiko (edible fern shoots motifs) using bamboo whitling technique

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-a basket made up of rattan
-used for transferring agriculture products or keeping rice or paddy.

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1) to welcome the returning warriors from a headhunting expedition
2) to receive the newly acquired heads to the longhouse.
Purpose

To appease the spirits of the newly acquired heads so that they will protect the village.

To strengthen the spirit simangi of the villagers when facing their enemies.

3) Perform during the harvest festivals
Purpose

to welcome the souls of padi from the hut and paddy stubble in the padi fields to their respective homes.

to welcome distinguished visitors to the villages.

Musical instruments

gongs, drums and the wooden instrument, gulintang.

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-a pork meat is mixed with salt and cooked rice and left fermented in pot
-tapioca shoot is squeeze roughly
-sauté shallot and garlic until fragrant
Add pork meat then add water then add lemongrass and turmeric leaf and roof
-add salt
-can be kept a long time (urn)

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1. Chicken with rice in bamboo
2. An authentic Bidayuh delicacy served normally during special occasion such as Gawai, gatherings or welcoming of special guests/VIPs
3. Cooking part requires extra care and attention to avoid from overburning of the bamboo.
4. Use of bamboo- natural way of cooking
-seals in the flavours and produces     astonished tender chicken, perfumed with lemongrass and bamboo

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1. Most numerous in hill countries of Lund, Bau, Penrissen, Palawan, Siburan and Serian.
2. Divides into 6 main groups(like the chinese Hakka, Hokkien and etc)
-Bisadong
-Bibukar
-Biatah
-Bijagoi
-Bisingai
-Selako-Lara

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-Plays important role in every ritual they perform.
-Raise spirit, drive out evil spirits.
-Plays a role in the motif of giving a notice of the ceremony conducted
-Consists of a large gong, cymbal, Pedabat, Tawak (a small gong)

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1. One of the earliest people to be settled in Sarawak
2. Can be found in Southern Sarawak and Northern Kalimantan.
3. Inhabitants of land/land Dayak.
4. 8% of total population in Sarawak.
5. Biatah, Singa-jagoi, Bukar-sadong were their dialect.
6. Long house dwellers traditionally.
7. Head house were known as Baruk.

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-Art of self-defense among bachelors during harvest festival or social gatherings in the village
-It is performed to show one's strength and skills.
-Involves a challenger and an opponent
-Performed to the accompaniment of Bidumbak.

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-During the White Rajah's time, the British called them Land Dayaks but were officially named Bidayuh by the Sarawakian Government in 2002
-Bidayuh itself means "INHABITANTS OF LAND"
-Originally from the western part of Borneo (Kalimantan Barat)
-they are traditionally animist(believe  in the ancestral worship and ancient spirit or nature)
-but now majority of Bidayuh are Christian (Roman Catholic)(this is why majority of young bidayuh celebrate christmas as their first priority celebration and  makes them changed their traditional name to English name
- Sungkung, Bugau and Sungai Selakau (origins of Salako-Lara) between Sambas and Sengkawang are among the places where the majority resided
- Gradually they migrated inland towards hills and mountains trying to escape barbarities of the Sprang Iban and Malay pirates, and the oppressive Brunei nobility.
- However, most of them migrated into Sarawak before the boundary between Kalbar and Sarawak was created
- After exploring new lands and settling down, they moved away from each other and gradually become isolated
- Thus the language and culture evolved exclusively of each other, creating marked differences even though certain groups aren't that far apart

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- Alcoholic drink
- Similar to tuak
- Made of sugarcane juice
- Smooth and soothing