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1. 1. One subgroup that lays in this category is family landscape. With man families living in the suburbs. These people enjoy amenities such as live entertainment and sports and a well mixed life. This is separate from a principle city or urban area where there the population is far too younger than the suburbs. There are also many immigrants too as well. Whilst in the suburbs there is lots of open land and space. There families can easily maintain themselves.

2. Someone would want to live in this realm because of the vast open space available as well. They would be very able to sustain themselves as well.

B
1. Redlining is the denial of specific services to certain groups and secs. Mainly Aldine partly as to race. This is most commonly found in small minorities where they are prosecuted. They are being stripped of resources and human rights as well.
2. A factor increasing segregation in America is cultural grouping. This is the clustering and grouping of minorities and races to make them feel less than others. One example is caucasians grouping in a certain area while the African Americans group in a separate certain area. And another factor is visual or television segregation where advertisements and propaganda prosecute and segregate African Americans and other minorities. This is seen all over America and the world.

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A1- A group that falls into the suburban periphery realm is the Elders, they are not like other realms. Most, if not all are retired and do not need a fast paced life like in the city. They are more laid back and enjoy warmer climates. Which is why you can find a ton of retired people living in the "outskirts" of beaches. You will often see them in a house and not anything like an apartment, complex, etc. Similar to the family landscape in semirural, as they do live in houses, most of the time in suburban neighborhoods. But they live a much faster paced lifestyle, as they participate in a lot of entertainment/sports. They are much closer to the CBD and often live close to most schools. The urban realm with uptown individuals is a lot different. They are closer to the CBD and most of the time live in an apartment. They are in the young age far from retirement, but not looking to have kids either. As they are focusing on their careers as you see better job opportunities in the Principal Urban center.
A2- There are many different reasons why somebody might want to live in each of these realms. Principal Urban Centers seems to be big for fresh out of college people who are looking to start a job with big opportunities. While Suburban Periphery is big for families who want to give the kids something to do and somewhere to grow up with other kids. They are often close to schools as well. Lastly, the Semirural is big for the retirement community as they do not have a job and their kids are grown up. So, they need somewhere that is calm for them to live in. However, there is many different reasons why one would want to live in each of these realms.

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B1- Redlining is when boundaries are drawn to specific races to not give them loans, services, etc. This is an example of racial discrimination. This contributes to poverty by not allowing certain areas to keep up and drown in poverty. They can not do a ton and it ends a negative impact for years on an end.
B2-  There are many factors as to why segregation has increased in America. One factor is ethnic grouping, this is people grouping up based off of race or ethnic beliefs. It is common for people to live in a place with similar beliefs near them. Another factor includes workplace segregation. Although it is wrong, certain places are segregated and unfair to those of other race, gender, etc. Many want to live near their workplace, and living somewhere that is unfair to you and where you are not employed is not doing so. There are many factors that have contributed to increased segregation in urban communities.

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B1. Redlining is refusing to give money to someone who resides in a lower-income location for fear of it being a risk. By not giving the residents in poorer cities a loan or insurance, this can affect their ability to sustain themselves enough to work their way out of poverty.
B2. One factor that contributed to increased segregation is the pricing of housing. Residences in suburban areas generally cost more because of the larger amount of space. In urban areas, housing costs less because of a smaller amount of room. This creates a divide between to two communities, which typically places the lower-income families in the urban spaces and the higher-income families in the suburbs. Another factor is redlining. Since money is not being put into the poorer communities, the standard of living is generally lower, making the area less appealing to reside in.

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B1. Redlining is refusing to give someone a loan because they live in what is called a high risk community, which means they are "hazardous" to the bank. They are usually communities inhabited by minorities. This contributes to poverty because if someone can't get a loan for a house they have to either get a really bad house or live on the street, both of which lead to poverty. If they manage to get an "OK" house they probably won't have enough money for all the clothes and food they need, then they can't get a job. If they can't get a job they can't maintain their house thus leaving them with no house, no job, and no money.
B2. Two factors that have contributed to increased segregation in American suburban and urban communities are our pack instincts and being proud of our heritage. These two go hand in hand with people wanting to be with people they share experiences with, everyone tries to create neighborhoods where they feel welcome.

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A1. The Farm to Table neighborhoods, that are part of the Semirural urban realm are all about the farms, with minimal online usage and a low amount of travel, since they need to stay with their livelihood. This is however about the opposite of the Trendsetters, from the Principal Urban Center, who work almost only on the internet, and like to travel a whole lot. They tend to do things spontaneously and they mostly work from home. These are also very separate from The Elders, that live in the Suburban Periphery realm. The Elders moved to where they are now and most o them are retired. They have low spending and they barely have an income, but they have high net worths.
A2. Someone would want to live in a Principal Urban Center because there is lots of technology, connectivity, job offers, and education. Someone could get a great education and a great job here all without having to compromise having a home life. Someone would want to live in the Suburban Periphery because they could still commute to a great job in the urban center but they wouldn't have to live in the constant hustle and bustle of city life. Someone would want to live in the Semirural realm because the most affordable housing is there. It is the very quiet and country lifestyle that many people crave.

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B1.) Redlining is the systematically racist process in which puts services at a large distance from minority populations based on their race and/or ethnicity. It does not allow these populations to be successful, imagine if you had to travel an hour to go to the grocery store, or the bank, or even a hospital. It makes it impossible for those that are excluded to succeed.
B2.) One factor that has increased segregation in American communities is just downright prejudice. It has not died like most of us would like to believe that it has. There is still a lot of prejudice and now with social media these idiotic ideas can be spread quickly to more masses of the idiots who continue to be prejudiced against minorities. Another factor that has increased segregation in American communities is white flight. This is when white people move into suburban areas and away from the urban areas that the minorities live in. White flight creates many large boundaries between them and the groups that they are trying to "escape".

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A1.) There are many similarities and differences in the Middleburg, Pleasantville, and Downtown Melting Pot subgroups. One similarity is the age range of the average resident. The age range is from 36.1-42.6 which leaves the three with a range of about 6.5 years, which is quite small. Another similarity is between the Downtown Melting Pot and the Middleburg Subgroups. The residents have similar income which means that their expenditures are somewhat similar as well. Lastly a similarity that they all have in common is the house size. The range is from 2.75-2.93. One difference that the three have is the population density of each is subgroup. You can tell from the descriptions of each that they all have different levels of populations density and surroundings. Another difference is that the income of the Pleasantville is much more than the other two and this is probably because the occupants based on the description have more education than the others. Lastly a difference is that the Middleburg has very low education levels compared to the others, close to half of the population has a high school diploma which is completely different compared to the others.
A2.) People would want to live in the Middleburg subgroup because life is simple, family oriented (if you care about that), and it is comfortable living with low house pricing, which would make it ideal for a new, starting, family.
People, usually older, would want to live in the Pleasantville subgroup because it is classy, there is high education levels, and if you decide to move there for what you like you are guaranteed to find others exactly like you.
People might want to live in the Downtown Melting Pot subgroup because it is diverse in ethnicities, but many of them have the same struggles and budgets so it is a similar, tight-knit community.

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A)

1. A- One subgroup would be the young people within the urban realms. All three groups have young people as one of their main focus.

2. A- The connection and the environment of a urban living style mixed with different kinds of people . All attract younger parties of people which draws in more and more of a crowd.

(B)

1. B- Redlining is the refusal or denying to pay funds in which services (financial and otherwise) were withheld from potential customers who resided in neighborhoods classified as 'hazardous' to investment. It contributed to poverty because of the pick and choose of who gets what soley based off of race causing discrimination.

2. B- The two factors are redlining and disinvestment within central cities caused urban ghettos to decay to the point where many homes were no longer habitable, leading to large-scale home abandonment.

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B1: Redlining is when someone refuses to give a loan or insurance to someone else because they live in an area deemed a "poor financial risk". It contributes to poverty in cities because these areas of "poor financial risk" largely consist of minorities, mostly non-white people. These cities are too blinded by racism or by cultures that are different from theirs to see that there are excellent economical opportunities for them if they invest in all people, not just a select few. Redlining contributes to gentrification, inner city neighborhoods, ethnic minority enclaves, and the long term decline of low-income.
B2: "White flight never ended" refers to the phenomenon where white people will move out of the urban areas into suburban areas when minority populations increase in those urban areas. Sometimes, they will even move to rural areas, which are less populated and creates a bigger divide between whites and minorities. One factor that contributed to increased segregation in American suburban and urban communities is exclusionary zoning. Exclusionary zoning refers to laws that place certain restrictions for different types of attributes oh houses that can be built in a specific area. This causes segregation because it keeps blacks and whites, whites and minorities separated. It doesn't allow integration, which only furthers the divide between the different ethnic groups. A second factor that contributes to increased segregation in American suburban and urban communities is redlining. Redlining usually occurs more often in black and minority communities rather than white communities. They decide, based on the color of your skin, if you're worth giving a loan/insurance to. Generally this is done by white people as well. This separates and creates a divide between the different ethnic groups, resulting in segregation. A divide was created between minorities and whites because whites are privileged, and wouldn't be denied their loans/insurance, but a black man wouldn't even be given a second glance at. This results in a greater tear between ethnic groups, which then results in segregation. This happens specifically in urban/suburban areas because there are more people and greater discrimination of minority groups.

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B1. Redlining is the discrimination of services when an insurance or mortgage provider restricts services to certain areas of a community, because of their race or ethnicity. Redlining contributes to poverty in cities, because such services that help a city grow and develop are restricted to people of a different race. This usually occurs in black, Hispanic, and Asian neighborhoods basically any non-white neighborhoods. These restricted services don't give enough money to cities thus creating poverty.

B2. Two factors that have contributed to increased segregation in American suburbs and urban communities is white flight and Exclusionary zoning laws. White flight is when white families flee an area with growing minority populations such as black, Hispanic, and Asian populations. White flight decreases racial integration among groups still allowing different races to be separated. Housing practices on individual and municipal levels have kept these patterns of segregation going just like how they were 50 years ago. Exclusionary zoning laws is another factor that contributes to increased segregation. This law makes it challenging to build mixed income houses or apartments in certain towns to help make cities more diverse. Cities can then compete for certain types of people to attract a certain race, which is mostly white taxpayers. The lack of diversity because of these laws make it harder for different races to blend together increasing segregation among groups.

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B1) Redlining is the denial of certain services to specific groups or communities, usually due to race. As known, poverty residents tend to be minorities, giving a very high chance that redlining could be the cause of this. By denying a minority a place to live, or a job, etc, they’re being deprived of resources, therefore leading to homelessness and poverty. Redlining can cause poverty in cities because of the large minority poverty population.
B2) Redlining and poverty play a big factor in racial segregation, since redlining pushes people into poverty, as well as pushes them into more racially defined boundaries, considering that a lot of poverty residents are minorities. For example, redlining occurred in Alabama due to food deserts, but the redlining affected black and latino residents, pushing those racial boundaries and increasing poverty. Economic wealth also plays a big part in segregation. For example, in big cities like Atlanta, the surrounding suburbs tend to be inhabited by white people, due to the upper class, wealth, etc, while the urban cities are usually inhabited by minorities (lower class/poverty). However, the recent growing populations mix up these groups, and pushes the boundaries even more, possibly leading these areas to be even more segregated.

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A1) The Trendsetter group tends to live alone or with roommates, they’re typically in popular cities, and most of them own no vehicle. Their economic life goes to show that they most likely won’t have children in this stage of their life; they’re younger and probably finishing up college/starting a career, unlike those in the Midlife Constants group, a suburban peripheral subgroup. These people live in the suburbs, they’re usually married couples, and they live in single family homes. These people have few children but are settling down, and most likely starting to wrap up their place in the working class. The housing is somewhat similar to those living in the Senior Escapes. These households are for the more elderly, single or married. The elderly use these homes as a final “settle down,” since the average age is around 55. These houses are also in warmer climates, unlike the Trendsetters who are just placed in big cities.
A2) People seem to be attracted to a principal urban center because of the opportunities, the advanced technology, and entertainment forms. All of these factors tend to be more appealing to a younger audience, pulling in more people for possible job opportunities, etc, hence the amount of modernization, etc. People would be attracted to semi rural areas because they’re in between urban and suburban. They’re more middle class, which is appealing to a large group of people because of the affordability (houses, cars, etc) and because it’s a good place for families to settle down and live comfortably, given that the average age is close to mid 40’s. People would be attracted to suburban periphery areas because similar to semi rural, it opts for comfortable living and a nice place to settle down. It’s the suburbs, but it has the perfect balance of entertainment and job opportunities while still keeping the suburban title.

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(A)

1. A- One subgroup would be the young people within the urban realms. All three groups have young people as one of their main focus.

2. A- The connection and the environment of a urban living style mixed with different kinds of people . All attract younger parties of people which draws in more and more of a crowd.

(B)

1. B- Redlining is the refusal or denying to pay funds in which services (financial and otherwise) were withheld from potential customers who resided in neighborhoods classified as 'hazardous' to investment. It contributed to poverty because of the pick and choose of who gets what soley based off of race causing discrimination.

2. B- The two factors are redlining and disinvestment within central cities caused urban ghettos to decay to the point where many homes were no longer habitable, leading to large-scale home abandonment.

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B1. Redlining is the refusal to loan money to those who want to fix up properties in some urban regions with a high minority population. This process aids to poverty by from the denial to make the city or area livable or upgraded. Without funds, the site can face deterioration of buildings or streets where people occupy. The deteriorated area may cause those who can to move out, including job opportunities, further enabling the cycle of poverty.
B2. The presence of white flight itself could be a factor. As more white families move into a particular neighborhood or suburbs, the area's race slowly becomes predominately white, increasing segregation. The reason why races cluster to create their neighborhoods is also a key factor. White flight results in white families moving to areas that are culturally different from them. Similarities in culture and race play a significant role in where people decide to live, creating ethnic neighborhoods. These ethnic neighborhoods are seen in places like New York, having a high population of minorities like Hispanics, African Americans, or Jews, but still occupy their own spaces or neighborhoods. This clustering pattern also aids in segregation in these urban and suburban communities.

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A1)  One subgroup that falls into principal urban centers is trendsetters. One subgroup that falls into suburban periphery is parks and rec. And one subgroup that falls into semirural is farm to table. One thing that these subgroups have in common are their age they tend to be younger with the exception of parks and rec who tend to be middle age. They all also have high Hispanic population respectively 81% 12% and 24% with farm to table having the largest amount. One difference is their median income while in parks and rec and trendsetters the median income is around $60,000 in farm to table the median income is $35,300.
A2) People would want to live in each of these realms for their specific characteristics. Such as, if some one wants to live a rural or subsistence agriculture life they would choose farm and table (semirural), but if someone would want to live an urban or more modern life style they  would choose either principal urban centers or suburban periphery depending on their preference.
B1) Redlining is a discriminatory practice that puts services (financial and otherwise) out of reach for residents of certain areas based on race or ethnicity.  It contributes to poverty in cities because the people in those districts aren't getting the economic privileges as those who don't live there. They can be denied mortgages, insurance, loans, and other financial services such as a stimulus check a country might give out as a response to Covid-19 or other pandemics.
B2) One factor is the economic set back that segregation has put on ethnicities. As segregation was going on white people were improving largely while black and other ethnicities were fighting for their respective rights white people were getting a large head start. We are still experiencing that setback where the majority of the richest people in the world are white. Another factor is the system. As we have seen time and time again there is a bias in the system towards white people. The last couple of years highlight the bias in law/policing system. Namely George Floyd. These factors has contributed to increased segregation in American suburban and urban communities by setting people back economically so they can't be as fortunate as others and having unlawful systematic discrimination.

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B1) Redlining is the process of denying investments, loans, and services to a specific ethic or racial group of people, creating large gaps between areas of minorities and nonminority. Redlining makes paying for a house increasingly difficult due to the heavy costs.

B2) A factor increasing segregation in American suburban and urban communities is cultural grouping, the process of people of similar racial and ethnic groups clustering in specific areas. For example, Caucasians grouping with each other in one area and African Americans grouping in another area. Another factor increasing segregation is increased televised segregation. Various TV shows that are depicted towards a specific racial or ethic group continue separation of the various cultures, and increasing televised segregation increases segregation in communities.

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A1) One of the subgroups that is in the Principal Urban Realm is the Southwestern Families. Unlike the Senior Escapes and Urban Chic subgroups, the Southwestern Families have the highest of the three Average Household Sizes of 3.20. Also in contrast to the Senior Escapes subgroup, who usually has one or two elderly people per household, the Southwestern Families group contains usually a married couple with children, and grandparents. However, the Urban Chic subgroup has a higher labor force participation percentage of 68% to the Southwestern Families with 52%.

A2) The Principal Urban Center Realm is attractive to someone because it has the youngest population in the urbanization groups, meaning it is more technology inclusive. Also, the group is constantly connected, and finding employment is not as difficult. On the contrary, the older population, Suburban Periphery, is a realm that focuses on creating a good future by present hard work. The group is well educated, and try to raise their children well. Finally, the Semirural realm is a less technology included realm that is usually in the country. The realm shares a more conservative mindset and prefers domestic shopping, supporting local businesses. The realm still has a connected population and supports traditional economic practices, and it holds the most affordable housing in the country.

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Nigel Lane B1. Redlining is the illegal discriminatory practice in which a mortgage lender denies loans or an insurance provider restricts services to certain areas of a community. Redlining contributes to poverty in communities as it cuts the funding for a portion of the city by not providing a certain community access to loans and other financial temporaries.

Nigel Lane B2:

The main factor causing increased segregation in America is still White Flight. As white people, both young millennials and older baby boomers are no longer moving into suburban areas away from urban areas with minority populations (different races/ ethnicities) but rather moving back into those once Minority-Majority areas that have since been left behind by minority groups to move to suburban neighborhoods. As this is still a major form of segregation in America as we know it. For the commonality of this is Majority ethnic groups like white people feeling more important than there equal minority counterparts, acting as a push factor away from the suburbs they once inhabited to get away from minorities. Another factor increasing segregation is segregated television and entertainment, as a  vast array of show such as "Our Kind of People" are heavily pointed towards a certain demographic. This creates a larger wedge in the door for things like segregation and prejudice to arise among a population. One final reason is public housing and HOA’s, as communities' have bunched together into ethnic groups in urban and suburban regions, more HOA’s and public housing communities have stopped vying for any group of people but rather just trying to appeal to one group of people, further segregating cities and America in general

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B(1) Redlining is a form of discrimination, specifically racial, that involves raising prices or just denying services to these people. This contributes to poverty because it can cause more people to enter a state of poverty and makes those already in poverty go even deeper into it.

B(2) One large factor in increasing segregation is white flight itself. This is white people moving into suburban areas away from urban areas with minority populations (different races/ ethnicities). This is a huge part of segregation in America. White people thinking they are better and need their own place away from other ethnicities. Another factor increasing segregation is segregated television and entertainment. A lot of shows like "black-ish" and more are pointed towards a certain audience. This creates a lot of room for hatred and someone getting offended and potentially causing violence and more and more segregation.

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A1: One subgroup from each of the following urban realms from the Principal Urban Centers are Laptops and Lattes, a subgroup from Suburban Periphery is Urban Chic, and one from Semirural is Farm to Table. Laptops and Lattes consists of mostly single, well-educated professionals. Neighborhoods are in metropolitan, densely populated areas. The Urban Chic subgroup contains mainly professionals that are married-couple families. Farm to Table is a small market located in the west. The neighborhoods are home to families with children, and multiple generations living in single-family homes.

A2: A person may want to live in Principal Urban Centers because they live in high populated neighborhoods and are always connected, especially through the use of the internet. Someone may want to live in Suburban Periphery because they are well educated, mostly married and commonly invest for their future, insuring themselves against unforeseen events, enjoying the results of their hard work. People may want to live in Semirural realms because the housing is affordable, there is a quiet and country lifestyle, and time off is spent with family. Each of these realms have benefits as well as disadvantages, and are fine places for any person to live and fit in.

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A1. The urban realms Principal urban centers, suburban periphery, and semi-rural all have a similarity in a subgroup. The subgroup for principal urban centers was the downtown melting pot, for suburban periphery it was the elders, and for semi-rural, it was small-town simplicity. I noticed that these subgroups from each urban realm were primarily composed of single-family homes and apartments. In the subgroups, the elders and small-town simplicity the majority population were senior citizens, but there was a small percent chance of families with children. In the subgroup downtown melting pot, the population was also composed of an older population but with more of a chance of having families with children. Subgroups from these urban realms were also on the lower end of the scale for affordability and wealth.
A2. Someone would want to live in each of these realms if they were looking for smaller homes such as single-family houses and apartments. In these realms the are great opportunities for jobs especially in the principal urban centers so if someone was looking for a good job or education opportunities they would want to live in that realm. In the Suburban periphery, someone would want to live there if they were on the older side and looking for a quieter not so busy area such as urban centers. As for semi-rural, a person would want to live here if they wanted somewhere with more outdoor activities, a quiet area, and somewhere with an older population.

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A1. The Senior Styles, or the Elders, who are in Suburban Periphery realm, are for the slow life while enjoying their retirement. They enjoy the warmer climate, and are homeowners, unlike Uptown Individuals, or Laptops and Lattes who are in the Urban realm. They reside in mostly apartments, college level educated but are just coming up as they enter young adulthood, the much younger group. This group is less likely to have children, at least at a fast rate from their focus on their new developing careers. From the opportunity, there are probably more people attracted to these areas in search of jobs and resources. Urban realm categories hold more connection and space to sustain the large population, in contrast to the Hometown category, where its a more tightly knit community. These community are more slower paced, and family centered, in the Midwest. Rural communities do not share the same reliance that Urban, Suburban, or Semirural areas have for services.

A2. The Principal Urban Center seems to hold high access to technology. With high technology comes better access to entertainment, and job findings. The high youth or young adult population most likely means that many are working, helping the economy. Also, the urban setting tends to have high connections for goods or services. Semirural would be for the crowd who wishes to settle down for a family, where there's enough room to compared to urban areas. But, unlike rural areas still holds connection for goods and services, and not have long ways to go for markets, jobs or more. Also, metropolitan areas are seen as high speed, or fast paced life, which might not be appealing for everyone. Suburban Periphery living keeps connections to urban resources while still maintaining their own in the suburbs. They're described as financially stable with educated professionals, which can be appealing for some. The elderly can be seen as one of the primary occupier for this realm because of the qualities in relation to retirement.(City life isolation, financial stability, etc.)

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B1: Redlining is a process in which banks will create lines on a map, refusing to allow people to borrow money from them with the intention of purchasing/improving the land that lays within the created boundaries. This contributes to poverty in cities because people deemed as unfit or "too risky" to obtain loans are primarily of some minority group. Without loans from banks, many people of color are unable to purchase houses. In addition to homelessness becoming a more rapidly occurring issue in these areas, unsafe environmental exposure and health hazards are also increasing. With redlining still taking place, people of minority are easily stuck in a loop and are getting no help from banks or governments, leading to an increasing amount of poverty.

B2: Two factors that are contributing to increased segregation in American suburban and urban communities are the Exclusionary Zoning laws and White Flight. White Flight is a phenomenon where as minority populations increase in cities, several white people will move out into the suburbs. Some whites will even move out to more rural areas when minority populations appear to be getting higher, which creates the divide between whites and blacks, Latinos, Asians, etc. Exclusionary Zoning is laws that place certain restrictions for types and different attributes of houses that are allowed to be built in a certain area. This increases segregation because there are many corporations that purposefully set restrictions such as high prices, that many minority families may not be able to afford. As predominantly white families begin moving into these higher priced houses, an entire neighborhood is created with a majority white population, leaving out those of other races. Thus, segregation is attributed to a new area.

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B1. Redlining is defined as the process where banks refuse to loan money to those who want to fix up areas properties in certain urban areas. This process aids to poverty by from the denial to make the city or area livable or upgraded. Without funds, the area can face deterioration of buildings or streets, where people occupy. The deteriorated area may cause those who can to move out, including job opportunities further enabling the cycle of poverty.
B2. The history of America could be one factor, and the legacy that segregation has left. Since before the Civil Rights Movement , African Americans and whites have segregated into their own communities. One major example would be the Great Migration, where millions of blacks left rural areas, that were white dominated to urban areas. Referencing to the title, those whites who were in those urban areas either stayed for work, or left to rural areas, creating a counter effect. Another factor could simply be because of the cultural differences. People who are similar to one another tend to cluster because of those similarities. This creates ethnic islands, or full neighborhoods that are separate, an example being Jewish neighborhoods in New York. Also, black neighborhoods like Harlem are separated from the other Latino or white neighborhoods in the Bronx, or Queens. These black or ethnic neighborhoods are also separated by class and wealth, as they historically don't get as many resources, redlining being a current example.

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Nigel Lane A1. One subgroup that falls into the semirural category is the Family Landscape, full of families living in suburban neighborhoods who live a mixed life of rural enjoyments like sports, swimming, and golf but also things like videogames or bowling, in contrast to a principal urban center like the next wave urban dwellers, who are much younger than there semirural counterparts in the family landscape, which tend to have more immigrants that came to the big cities looking for jobs, unlike the family landscape urban dwellers are less likely to have children. The opposite is a suburban periphery group such as the cozy country living group, who tend to live on prairies in places like the Midwest and relatively conservative yet still small families that have all the tools necessary to maintain themselves, which is much different from the interdependence in urban and semirural subgroups. Nigel Lane A2. Someone would want to live in a principal urban center because they have more access to better jobs, goods and services, restraunts, and forms of entertainment. As a suburban or urban place is less likely to have a top quality sea food restraunt whereas a city may have 3 or 4 seafood restraunts, these opportunities and easier access to services and goods are why someone would want to live in an urban setting. Someone would want to live in a semirural area because they could have better access to good and jobs than a rural area but also would have a better chance to settle down with a family than they would in a busy and less spacious apartment in an urban center. As for a suburban periphery, people who would like to “live off the grid” and not be as reliant on others or those whom have the passion for farming would be well suited and most desiring of living in basically a rural landscape. This getaway from the business and stress of urban and even suburban areas  is a huge draw for old people and independent or overstressed people.

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Nigel Lane A1. One subgroup that falls into the semirural category is the Family Landscape, full of families living in suburban neighborhoods who live a mixed life of rural enjoyments like sports, swimming, and golf but also things like videogames or bowling, in contrast to a principal urban center like the next wave urban dwellers, who are much younger than there semirural counterparts in the family landscape, which tend to have more immigrants that came to the big cities looking for jobs, unlike the family landscape urban dwellers are less likely to have children. The opposite is a suburban periphery group such as the cozy country living group, who tend to live on prairies in places like the Midwest and relatively conservative yet still small families that have all the tools necessary to maintain themselves, which is much different from the interdependence in urban and semirural subgroups. Nigel Lane A2. Someone would want to live in a principal urban center because they have more access to better jobs, goods and services, restraunts, and forms of entertainment. As a suburban or urban place is less likely to have a top quality sea food restraunt whereas a city may have 3 or 4 seafood restraunts, these opportunities and easier access to services and goods are why someone would want to live in an urban setting. Someone would want to live in a semirural area because they could have better access to good and jobs than a rural area but also would have a better chance to settle down with a family than they would in a busy and less spacious apartment in an urban center. As for a suburban periphery, people who would like to “live off the grid” and not be as reliant on others or those whom have the passion for farming would be well suited and most desiring of living in basically a rural landscape. This getaway from the business and stress of urban and even suburban areas  is a huge draw for old people and independent or overstressed people.

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Using the link, https://doc.arcgis.com/en/esri-demographics/data/tapestry-segmentation.htm
1. Compare one subgroup from each of the following urban realms: Principal Urban Centers, Suburban Periphery, and Semirural.
2. Why would someone want to live in each of these realms?

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1. Define redlining and describe why it contributes to poverty in cities.
2. As titled, "white flight never ended". Explain TWO factors that have contributed to increased segregation in American suburban and urban communities.

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"We're more negative than other researchers who see declines in segregation," Daniel Lichter, the lead author and a sociologist at Cornell, told me. "I have a hard time putting a positive spin on this research."

Previous data has suggested that segregation between black and white populations is declining. But much of that research looked at entire metropolitan areas, and found more minorities in suburbs, which led researchers to conclude that the nation was no longer divided into black cities and white suburbs. Lichter and his colleagues looked at at smaller communities, and found that while black residents don't just live in inner cities anymore, the suburbs they've moved to are majority black, while other suburbs are majority white.

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"Our substantive point is straightforward," they write. "Segregation between places (e.g., city-suburb or suburb-suburb) may be increasing, even as overall metro-neighborhood segregation declines."

In the 1960s, white families moved from cities to suburbs when they saw black neighbors move in next door. Now, they move from suburbs to farther-out fringe areas often not counted in academic studies "hunkering down in all-white neighborhoods, affluent gated communities, or unincorporated housing developments at the exurban fringe," the researchers write.

And more white Americans, drawn by walkable neighborhoods or transit, are moving back into the inner cities that were once shunned. Young whites and baby boomers, for example, are moving to areas of central cities such as Washington, D.C., which was, for years, a majority-minority city. That, in turn, prices out minority residents.

Segregation isn't just happening between black and white towns. Hispanic and Asian residents are segregated into their own cities and towns, too. Dover, New Jersey, for instance, a town 30 miles west of New York, was 70 percent Hispanic in the 2010 Census. In 1980, it was only 25 percent Hispanic.

These patterns of segregation are governed by housing practices on individual and municipal levels, like they were 50 years ago. Lenders and real estate agents still steer families to areas with populations of similar races, white families still flee areas with growing minority populations, and family and immigrant networks still attract groups of people similar to themselves.

Over time, communities become known as "black" or "white" or "Asian" or "Latino," but local policy choices govern some of these categorizations. For example, in Ferguson, Missouri, the percentage of the population that was black increased to 67.4 percent from 25.1 percent between 1990 and 2010. The white population there dropped to 6,206 from 16,454 over the same time period. As whites started to leave, the local government began to allow for the construction of low- and mixed-income housing apartments. Investment firms bought out underwater mortgages and rented the homes to minorities.

"Ferguson became recognized as a 'black suburb' that could be distinguished from other nearby suburban communities that made different zoning and administrative decisions," the authors write.

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White Flight Lives on in American Cities

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"We're more negative than other researchers who see declines in segregation," Daniel Lichter, the lead author and a sociologist at Cornell, told me. "I have a hard time putting a positive spin on this research." Previous data has suggested that segregation between black and white populations is declining.