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the power of an executive to refuse to approve a law that the legislative branch wants to pass

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Nullification was a political theory that some states’ rights advocates held in the late 1700s and early 1800s. The theory was as follows: If the federal government took an action that went beyond its constitutional powers, a state could say the law was null and void, or invalid. The law would have no legal standing within that state.

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The spoils system is a political practice in which winners of elections remove people from government jobs and appointments and replace them with their campaign workers or other supporters

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The Whig Party was a political party that gained prominence in the United States from the early 1830s to the mid-1850s

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John C. Calhoun, born in 1782, held many federal offices and was a strong advocate of states’ rights and slavery. A leader in the Republican Party in the 1810s, Calhoun served in the House of Representatives and then as vice president under both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson.

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In 1823, Nicholas Biddle established the Second Bank of the United States in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  the purpose of Biddle’s bank was to serve as a repository for the federal government’s money and to help control inflation

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The Democratic-Republican Party was one of the first two political parties in the United States. Formed during the administration of George Washington and led by Thomas Jefferson, it was initially called the Republican Party.

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The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States today.  In the 1900s the Democratic Party became known for its support of workers and minorities, while the Republican Party tended to support businesses. Today the Democrats are seen as the party that supports more government influence in the economy and is more liberal regarding social issues.

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The U.S. presidential election of 1824 was settled by a political maneuver that came to be known as the corrupt bargain. When the votes were counted, Andrew Jackson had won 99 electoral votes. John Quincy Adams had 84. Henry Clay had 37. No candidate had won enough electoral votes to become president, so the election would be up to the House of Representatives.

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Henry Clay, born in 1777, served in Congress for more than 30 years, ran for president twice, and was known as the Great Compromiser. Clay was a lawyer in Kentucky and began his career in politics as a member of Thomas Jefferson’s Republican Party. While in the House of Representatives, he pushed for the United States to enter the War of 1812.

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John Quincy Adams, son of President John Adams, was born in 1767 and later became the sixth president of the United States.  He became a lawyer and held several diplomatic posts in Europe. He began his career as a Federalist like his father but later became a member of the Republican Party.

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suffrage is the right to vote to elect leaders or to vote on policies and laws

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The Indian Removal Act was a federal law that President Andrew Jackson promoted.  Because Congress wanted to make more land in the Southeast available to white settlers, the law required Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River to move west of it. The law stated that Native Americans would be paid for this land, but it did not give them the choice of staying in that region.

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Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, was born in South Carolina in 1767 and was the first president who was not born to a wealthy, established family. He served in the House of Representatives and the Senate. Jackson became a national hero at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812.