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Claxton leggur áherslu á að byggja upp sjálfstæði og persónuleika nemenda, hann segir nútíma skóla ekki búa nemendur nógu vel undir líf og starf í sífellt flóknari og meira ögrandi heimi.  Hann telur mikilvægt að nemendur þrói hæfileika sinn til að læra fyrir sjálfa sig og njóta þess.  Þetta er lykilatriði í námi, að okkar mati, að geta notið þess að læra og þá er mikilvægt að börnum sé boðið uppá skemmtilegar námsleiðir sem ögra en eru þó viðráðanlegar. Í leikskólanum skiptir leikurinn höfuðmáli og er okkar aðal kennsluaðferð.  Það að bæta við leik/námi í snjalltæki eykur fjölbreytni og víðsýni nemenda á möguleika tækjanna og gefur þeim um leið þekkingu á tækninni og öryggi í notkun hennar en fari fram sem horfir er líklegt að henni haldi áfram að fleygja fram. Með tækninni berast í ómældu magni upplýsingar sem eru að misjöfnum gæðum. Nemendur þurfa að öðlast dómgreind til að vega þær og meta sem og sjálfstæði kjark og þor til að standa á sínu.

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Aubrey, K og Riley, A. (2016). Understanding and using educational theories. London: Sage

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Hér greinir Claxton sjálfur frá hugmyndum sínum.

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The idea of Building Learning Power - Prof. Guy Claxton

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Claxton segir að í dag sé einblínt á tvo þætti í skólastarfi

·       Hvað á að kenna

·       Hvernig það er metið

Hans námsleið inniheldur þriðja þáttinn sem er; færni og viðhorf til náms, nemendur eru mótaðir af því hvernig þeim er kennt og hvernig er talað við þá eða til þeirra.  Þessi leikni og viðhorf fela í sér það sem Claxton kallar hæfni svo sem sköpun, þrautseigju, sveigjanleika, samúð og ímyndun, allt eiginleikar sem eru nauðsynlegir til að lifa góðu lífi í heimi í sífelldri þróun.

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Í öðru lagi segir Claxton að skv. vitsmunakenningum hafi flestir nemendur hæfnina til að verða betri nemendur ef aðstæðurnar til náms eru viðunandi, styðjandi og hvetjandi.  Hann telur vísindin nú bjóða uppá víðari skilning á því hvað felst í námi.  Sá skilningur innifelur tilfinningar, ímyndun, innsæi og upplifun, ytri verkfæri og félagslegt samfélag sem og viljan til að skilja.  Ef þessar fersku hugmyndir um nám og kennslu ná fram í stað þeirra hefðbundnu verða nemendur betur undirbúnir til að takast á við áskoranirnar sem eiga eftir að koma upp í lífi þeirra.

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Kenningin er drifin áfram á því sjónarmiði að skólar undirbúi nemendur ekki nægilega vel fyrir nám út ævina í sífellt flóknari og meira ögrandi heimi.  Skólar eru uppteknari af prófum, niðurstöðum og samanburði sem hamlar nemendur í því að þróa hæfileika sinn til að læra fyrir sjálfa sig og njóta þess.  Þetta segir hann gerir nemendur ósjálfstæðari og verr undirbúna til að takast á við alvöru vandamál þar sem lausnin er ekki augljós.

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Það eru tvær aðalhliðar á hugmynd Claxtons.   Fyrri er þörfin fyrir breytingar í skólakerfinu og hin er sú jákvæða hugmynd að flestir nemendur hafi getuna til að vera betri námsmenn.  Veröldin er að breytilegt umhverfi þar sem nemendur þurfa að lifa af við óöryggi, margbreytileika tækniþróunar og flókið innra form.  Claxton segir menntun þurfa að breytast til að mæta þessum áskorunum en hann segir það ekki gerast ef fólk heldur áfram að horfa á þröngar skilgreinigar á því hvað nám er;  ef haldið er áfram að einblína á innihald frekar en framfarir, skilning framyfir færni, hæfileika frekar en þátttöku og kennslu fram yfir uppgötvun.

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Hann hefur þróað kennsluleið þar sem umhverfið, framkoma og hvernig talað er við börnin er lykilatriði.  Hann byggir þetta á kenningum sínum og hún hefur verið prófuð og þróuð í 12 ár.  Hér má sjá nánar um þessa aðferð

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Building Learning Power appeals to anyone who wants to know how to get better results and contribute to the development of real-life learners - both at once. It is for teachers, teacher trainers, parents and anyone involved in formal and informal education. It particularly appeals to those who want more than sound-bites and quick fixes; who seek a satisfying approach that leads to cumulative growth in students' real-life self-confidence and ingenuity.

1. Why do we need to build learning power?

2. What's different about Building Learning Power?

3. Three core beliefs that underpin our focus

Not just for a life of tests, but for the tests of life."

The tests of life

The core purpose of education is to prepare young people for life after school; to get them ready, as Art Costa, an American educator with similar views, says, 'not just for a life of tests, but for the tests of life'. This means helping them build up the mental, emotional, and social resources to enjoy challenge and cope well with uncertainty and complexity. If you strip away political dogma, the evidence is overwhelming that this aim is not currently being achieved for very many students. Of course, this has to be done in a way that also develops literacy and numeracy, and gets young people the best test results possible. That is the challenge that BLP schools and teachers are willing to take up.

4. What effect will building students' learning behaviours have?

The Supple Learning Mind formed of high value learning behaviours

A rich framework for learning

The Supple Learning Mind framework embraces each of the domains of learning and these are shown in its four parts:

The Emotional domain of learning (sometimes described as Resilience)

The Cognitive domain of learning (sometimes described as Resourcefulness)

The Social domain of learning (sometimes described as Reciprocity)

The Strategic domain of learning (sometimes described as Reflectiveness)

This learning framework shows that learning isn't just about having a good memory; it includes how we feel, how we think, how we learn with others and how we manage the process of learning. It shows that learning is a complex process. Furthermore it provides a language that helps teachers to think about how they cultivate each of the learning behaviours and helps students to gain a better personalised understanding of how they learn content.

Each domain clusters together the high value learning behaviours that best make that domain work well. For example the social domain is made up of the learning behaviours of interdependence, collaboration, listening and empathy and imitation.

5. How does it work in classrooms?

The Teachers' Palette captures the nature of a transforming culture

Making learning power work involves shifting the culture of the classroom. A common language for learning is adopted; staff gradually shift responsibility for learning to students and model learning by sharing their own difficulties, frustrations and triumphs; students come to understand themselves as growing learners and consciously improve their learning habits; teachers assume the role of learning-power coach, offering students interesting, real and challenging activities to enable them to create their own knowledge and stretch their learning habits. Underpinning this is the obvious reality that students will only change their behaviours once their teachers have changed theirs'.

The culture of the classroom is determined by how teachers are, the relationships that exist between the teacher and the learners, the ways in which the teacher talks and what the teacher talks about, the extent to which teaching is designed to ensure both content acquisition and the development of learning behaviours, and the often subliminal messages about what the teacher really thinks is important.

These 4 aspects of culture - Relating, Talking, Constructing and Celebrating - form the basis of The Teachers' Palette, the second of two key models in Building Learning Power.

6. How does it work across the whole school?

7. What else might you need to know?

SEE FAQs below.

How does this stand up to Ofsted scrutiny. Will they like it?

Overwhelmingly, we find that inspectors love BLP when they see it. From the reports we have gathered from inspections of BLP schools, their reaction is to congratulate schools where they find pupils are self-aware about their learning, happy to take on responsibility for their own learning, good at collaborating, and so on. Most of our Learning Powered schools improve upon their Ofsted ratings after adopting BLP. We are now pleased to see that the benefits of BLP maintain their impact under the new assessment system, with several Learning Powered schools rated as 'outstanding' or 'good' in recent months. But the benefits of BLP are not limited to those at the top of the Ofsted spectrum: many schools in challenging circumstances have moved from 'requires improvement' when BLP has been part of their coherent plan to enhance learning and achievement.

Of the four key areas against which schools are assessed by Ofsted, Building Learning Power directly addresses three - quality of teaching, pupil behaviour, and quality of leadership and management - and naturally impacts on the fourth - pupil achievement.

How long will it take? What if we haven't got time to implement BLP?

Yes, BLP takes time to embed in a school, and effort by individual teachers before it becomes second nature. It isn't a quick fix or a glossy veneer, but the gradual, long-haul nature of BLP means you can take it slowly and by degrees. The guiding principles translate into a smorgasbord of small suggestions and possibilities, each one of which is not too demanding, and which build cumulatively into a significant shift in atmosphere and focus. The size and immediacy of this shift depends upon one key element: strategic leadership from the top of the organisation underpinned with a clear plan of action, with success criteria and regular check points to monitor progress.

Will test results drop back for a while when we are adopting the approach?

If you see the first years of education as the 'learning foundation years' and adapt your curriculum and pedagogy accordingly then you will have prepared students to learn in ways that will both gain them excellent examination results and equip them with the habits of mind for future success. Stop thinking 'dare I try this with my year 6 students (if you teach in a primary school)' ?, or 'dare I try this with my year 11 students (secondary) ? - rather think how much easier it will be to be helping to prepare confident, thoughtful, resilient, independent, self-motivated learners for examination success.

Isn't BLP just 'good teaching' wrapped up in fancy words? It looks like what good teachers have always done.

Well, that depends on your definition of 'good teaching', and the outcomes by which you judge it. There is plenty of evidence that some schools and teachers consistently get good exam results, but they do it by spoon-feeding, and their students do not develop high levels of emotional resilience, cognitive resourcefulness, sociability, and self-awareness along the way. A good many of these students become anxious and lost during subsequent phases of their learning, particularly so their first year at university. You could call that 'good teaching', but we don't. Many schools adopt an in-between position - 'We make our students think and stretch their minds', they say, and they do. But it is a rare school that, without the benefit of BLP has thought through exactly what learning habits they are trying to develop, and how, systematically they are going about it.

Do some curriculum areas lend themselves more to BLP?

In our experience, these approaches lie at the heart of good learning and teaching in every curriculum area. The impact could be seen recently - during recent monitoring visits - in areas as diverse as Literacy, Numeracy, P.E., and Project Work in the primary sector, and in Mathematics, P.E., Modern Foreign Languages, Child Care, Science, Art and English in the secondary sector.

What are the pitfalls? Where have schools gone wrong?

The adoption of these approaches needs to be whole-school and led by school leaders. All school stakeholders - from pupils to governors, leadership to support staff, and most importantly teachers - need to be brought on board for the full impact of Building Learning Power to be felt. The embedding of these approaches falls short when it is sidelined by staff who see it as 'another initiative that will go away'. Head teachers need to give it high profile approval, and give leadership to influential and tenacious staff who can champion these ways forward. A single immersion at a staff development day is never enough - a strategic plan for long-term development, rooted in the school as a whole learning its way forward together, is the only way of ensuring impact.

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Building Learning Power appeals to anyone who wants to know how to get better results and contribute to the development of real-life learners - both at once. It is for teachers, teacher trainers, parents and anyone involved in formal and informal education.

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Claxton gerir ráð fyrir minni athygli á efnisþætti námskrár og mat á þeim en leggur mikla áherslu á að byggja upp sjálfstæði og persónuleika nemenda.  Það segir hann er mjög áríðandi við að þroska hæfileika nemenda til náms:  Þeir þurfa t.d. að vera forvitnir , sjálfstæðir og íhugulir og kennarar þurfa að hlúa að þessum eiginleikum og breyta viðhorfi þeirra og gildum.