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The costs and benefits are measured in terms of reproductive fitness, or expected number of offspring. So by behaving altruistically, an organism reduces the number of offspring it is likely to produce itself, but boosts the number that other organisms are likely to produce. In everyday life, an action would only be called ‘altruistic’ if it was done with the conscious intention of helping another, but in the biological sense, some of the most interesting examples of biological altruism are found among creatures that are (presumably) not capable of conscious thought at all

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I connected this type of social behavior to Divergent. In Divergent, by Veronica Roth, there is a faction called Abnegation. Everyone in this faction lived selflessly and was focused on what was best for other, similar to Altruistic Social Behavior. In both cases, the organisms are only concerned with the wellbeing of others.

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In social insect colonies, sterile workers devote their whole lives to caring for the queen, constructing and protecting the nest, foraging for food, and tending the larvae. Such behaviour is maximally altruistic: sterile workers obviously do not leave any offspring of their own—so have personal fitness of zero—but their actions greatly assist the reproductive efforts of the queen.

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Ants, Wasps, Bees and Termites

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Vervet monkeys give alarm calls to warn fellow monkeys of the presence of predators, even though in doing so they attract attention to themselves, increasing their personal chance of being attacked. A group containing a high proportion of alarm-calling monkeys will have a survival advantage over a group containing a lower proportion.

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Vampire bats regularly regurgitate blood and donate it to other members of their group who have failed to feed that night, ensuring they do not starve. It is quite common for a vampire bat to fail to feed on a given night. This is potentially fatal, for bats die if they go without food for more than a couple of days. On any given night, bats donate blood to other members of their group who have failed to feed, thus saving them from starvation.

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In another incident in New Zealand, a group of swimmers were first surprised when dolphins began circling around them, tighter and tighter, splashing in the water. The swimmers initially thought the dolphins were displaying aggressive behavior, but it turned out that they were warding off sharks. The dolphins risked themselves in order to protect the people in the water. What amazes me about this is that they were willing to protect organisms of a difference species; it's one thing for dolphins to protect dolphins, but for dolphins to protect humans, that's incredible.

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- "Is Animal Altruism Real?" (2017). Retrieved April 19, 2018. Retrieved from: http://goodnature.nathab.com/is-animal-altruism-real/
- "Biological Altruism" (2013). Retrieved April 19, 2018. Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/altruism-biological/

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One bottlenose dolphin came to the rescue of two beached whales in New Zealand and led them into safe waters. Without the dolphin’s guidance, the whales surely would have died.

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In evolutionary biology, an organism is said to behave altruistically when its behaviour benefits other organisms, at a cost to itself.