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Towns started appearing at around year 1000. The population increased and so did trade in towns. This also affected manors, too. Knights no longer wanted land. They instead wanted money. The crusades also led people out of manors and into towns.

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Eleanor was born around 1122 and died in 1204. She was a vassal to the King of France, but then she married King Louie VII of France. She then divorced him and married King Henry II of England. This made her Queen of England. She was the mother of Richard the Lionheart

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In the Middle Ages, most people lived on manors. Manors were owned by lords. The lord had serfs farm on their land. While the lord had a big house of castle, serfs had tiny houses with one room and a bed of hay. There was a church in the manor, too. The land included fields, water, and forests. There was no need to leave the manor, especially because of the blacksmith and mill on the manor's land. The serf's taxes were collected by the lord.

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William got his name 'William the Conqueror' when he conquered England. Before that he was a French noble and the Duke of Normandy. Once he conquered England he rewarded the knights. He rewarded them with land. This was the start of Feudalism in England.

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The peasants were so low of a rank that they weren't even part of the feudal system. That means they didn't own any land. They did, though, work on land owned by knights or nobles. They farmed on the land. They lived in small houses on a manor. Serfs were not allowed to leave the manor without the lord's permission. The peasants had no formal education, but knew how do things like farm and make clothes.

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The knights served the lords in exchange for land. They served the lords by fighting for them. They could serve multiple lords at once for more land. The knights wore suits of armor for protection. The knights also rode on horseback.

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Nobles were vassals of the Kings and  Queens, and were lords of lower ranking nobles and knights. They fought for the Kings and Queens in exchange for land. Lower ranked lords gave upper rank lords money on special occasions. They also gave upper lords food and shelter if they needed it. The more land they owned, the more power they got.

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The Kings and Queens were the greatest lords. They were in a Monarchy, so you could only be born into it. The Kings and Queens had nobles and knights as vassals, so in return they fought for the King or Queen. The Kings and Queens needed protection. They built castles as their protection.