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1. Roman roads were made out of broken stones, pebbles, cement, and sand. They didn't have many tools to help them build the roads. They didn't have a compass or any machines. They used a tool called a groma that measured things. The person who had the job of using this tool was called a surveyor.
2. The Roman roads were built because they became very wealthy for their trades in Europe. So for trading, they used roads to get to their destination. These roads feature innovations made by romans.
3. Roman roads were important so that the Roman Army had  a way to move their soldiers and their belongings around the country. Roman Merchants and traders also used these roads to travel to different countries to trade. Wealthy merchants could afford a wagon pulled by horses so the roads were designed so that both wagons could be pulled on both sides of the road.

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1. The Roman aqueducts were made out stone, brick, and cement. The purpose of making aqueducts were to keep the constant flow of water to supply wealthy households, public bathhouses, cities, and towns. The first roman aqueduct supplied a fountain located in the middle of a cattle-market.
2. The first Roman Aqueduct was called the Aqua Appia because it was named after Aqua Appia, the creator of the Aqueduct system. It was built in 312 B.C. This helped many of the Romans.
3. The way the Roman Aqueducts worked were that man-made streams conducted water to go downhill from the stream to the cities and towns. The water moved through gravity alone. The aqueducts were very reliable.

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1. Roman Bridges were the first lasting bridges built. They were so strong that they could carry a lot of loads. Roman Bridges were made out of concrete and displayed the famous Roman arches. They were made by ancient romans and were the first to use concrete on bridges.
2. The Roman bridges were important because of the uses of concrete technology. Bridges were created above aqueducts. The Bridges helped the Romans discovered a natural cement called pozzolana and also helped with military campaigns.

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1. There are 3 types of Roman Columns; Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Doric column was recognized for its simple and circular shape at the top of each column. The Ionic Column was recognized for its scroll and spiral shapes. The Corinthian was recognized for its slender fluted and spiral shapes.

2. The Roman Columns were made out of stone. The Roman Columns inspired the United States to make the National Capitol Columns in Washington D.C. just like how they inspired the U.S to make a republic, written laws, and senate.
3. If a column is too long, they'd have to cut or slice the column to make it shorter. Concrete is then poured on it. The foundations of the column is reinforced concrete.

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1. The Roman Arch was first used in the Mediterranean world. Mostly in Mesopotamia, Greece, Persia, and Ancient Italy. They used it for underground tunnels and drainage systems. The Etruscans of Tuscany were the ones who really figured out how to use the roman arches.
2. Like many other Roman achievements, the Roman Arches were made out of stone, brick, and concrete. Romans discovered how to use the arch in the expansion of bridges, aqueducts, and buildings. Without the arch, the roads and aqueducts that crisscrossed from Britain to the MiddleEast wouldn't have been possible.
3. The Roman Arches helped when roads or pipes needed to cross a valley or river. The Roman Arches also helped The Roman Army cross Europe. It also helped with the the transportation of water that needed a large slope so that water could flow through them naturally.

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1. Roman Statues were made out of stone, metals, glass, and bronze.
The Romans were inspired by the Greeks to make statues.  Caesar Augustus was the first to sculpt these Roman statues.
2. Romans loved to represent their gods with statues. An examples was the Lares Familiares. These statues were usually decorated with bronze.
3.Greek Art had an influence on Roman Art. Romans loved to make art almost every day. This was much similar to the Egyptians.

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1. Like the Roman statues, the roman sculptures were made out of stone, metals, glass, and bronze.
2. Benini and Michaelangelo were famous Roman Sculptors. Benini is famous for his "Ecstasy of St. Theresa" and Michaelangelo was famous for his Moses statue. Ecstasy of St. Theresa was made out of White Marble. The Moses Statue was made out of marble.
3. The Romans were influenced by the greeks to make art. But there are differences between their arts. Roman art was more realistic than Greek art.

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1. Roman Mosaics were common features of a private Roman home. They Roman Mosaics were very beautiful in homes. But they also were very invaluable.
2. Roman Mosaics were decorated on the floor of Roman buildings. These mosaics symbolized wealth and importance in buildings. Using a thousand of colored pieces, they made a pattern.
3. Roman Mosaics were made by the Roman Empire or by Artists. Mosaics would show as a sign of wealth and importance. They would often appear in public places and bathhouses.

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1. After the overthrown of the king, the Romans couldn't have another king since their last king was a tyrant. Instead of choosing another king, they came up with a republic. This is a form of government where citizens vote for their leaders. The three branches of the Roman Republic were The Senate, The Consuls, and The Assemblies.
2. Rome was divided into two groups: the patricians and the plebeians. The patricians were the rich people and the plebeians were the workers. Unfortunately, woman weren't allowed to vote but men of both groups were allowed to vote.
3. 300 patricians made up Rome's senate. The Senate could pass laws. The council was made up of plebeians which could eventually pass laws to all of Rome also.

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1. The written laws had inspired the U.S to make written laws as well. The Romans had their set of laws called the Twelve Tables. The Americans have laws as well. The twelve tables were carved on twelve stone tablets.
2. The idea was that all free citizens had the right to be protected by law. This meant that if they weren't enslaved, they would have the right to be protected by law. The idea of laws passed down and set an example for the Americas and Europe.
3. A roman law says that a person would be innocent until they were proven guilty. Though, people who were accused of crime could defend themselves in front of a judge. The judge had to think carefully about the evidence given before proving someone innocent or guilty.

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1. Rome's government was a republic and had different branches. The branches were Consuls, Senate, and Assemblies. The Consuls were the officials who ran the government and army. The Senate was the group of 300 patricians that helped run the government. The Assemblies were the plebians.
2. The separation of powers meant that each branch of the government had their own job. For instance, the U.S. president is considered the country's chief executive. He ran the government and the army. This also meant that each branch of government had their own job and they needed to manage it.
3. The separation of powers in the Roman Republic was that the Consuls ran the government and army. The Senate had the power to pass laws. The Senate could elect a dictator who could control the government and the army. He could rule for six months then he had to give up his power.

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1. The name Pantheon is from the Greek dialect meaning, "of, relating to, or common to all the gods." The dome is made out of concrete and brick. It was meant to symbolize the arched vault of the heavens. During Storms, the drainage system below the floor handles the rain that falls through the center.
2. The Pantheon was a nickname and not the formal name of the building. The Pantheon is described as the "sphinx of the Campus Martius." Marcus Agrippa built the Pantheon. It symbolizes the 7 Roman Gods: Sun, Moon, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Mercury, and Mars. 3. The Pantheon was built for Trajan Hadrian and it was a roman temple. It is now a church in Rome, Italy. At the entrance, the words, "M. AGRIPPA L. F. COS. TERTIUM FECIT." This means Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate made it." This means Agrippa built the Pantheon. There are two painters burried at the Pantheon named Raphael and Annibale Carraci.