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Medications (for treatment of pain)
1)analgesics- acetaminophen, ibuprofen
2)antidepressants- duloxetine, milnnacipran
3)anti- seizure drugs- gabapentin, pregablin

Non- Pharmacologic Treatment
1)physical therapy- massage therapy
2) occupational therapy
3)acupuncture
4)reduce stress- meditation
5)yoga and tai chi

Nursing Intervention/ Collaboration
1) alternating heat and cold packs
2) ambulating
3)dietician- reduce sugar caffeine and alcohol
4)pain management

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Question: What are the two main causes of Fibromyalgia?
Answer: infections and genetics

Question: What percentage of the population in the U.S. has Fibromyalgia?
Answer: 2%

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Description:
- chronic central pain syndrome
- widespread muscle pain and tenderness
- commonly diagnosed musculoskeletal disorder and major cause of disability
- affects an estimated 2% of U.S. population
- 4 to 10 times more likely in women than men

Common Signs/Symptoms:
- widespread burning pain that worsens and improves through the course of a day
- stiff or painful neck and shoulder muscles
- temporomandibular joint dysfunction (1/3 of patients)
- point tenderness at 11 or more of 18 identified sites that varies day to day
- sensitivity to painful stimuli
- pain in response to a stimulus that does not typically cause pain (allodynia)
- cognitive effects: difficulty concentrating, memory lapses, feeling of being overwhelmed, migraines, depression/anxiety, numbness or tingling in hands or feet, restless leg syndrome
- IBS with constipation and/or diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- difficulty swallowing
- increased frequency and urgency of urination
- women: more difficult menstruation with a worsening of disease symptoms during this time

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- 80% of those who are diagnosed with fibromyalgia are female
- Fibromylagia was first thought to be a mental disorder that was "all in the head" (in the 1800s)

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Causes and Triggers:
Exact cause is unknown, but has factors working together that ultimately trigger it.

1. Infections

2. Genetics

3. Physical or emotional trauma

These trigger a change in levels of chemicals in the body that produce pain and makes it more sensitive to pain.

Risk Factors:

1. Sex (more common in women)

2. Family history (more likely if relative also has it)

3. Other disorders (more likely if you also have RA, Lupus, or osteoarthritis)

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Widespread pain >3 mo — with no underlying medical condition to explain pain
Pain in 11/18 tender points on palpation
Pain AND accompanied Sx: sleep problems, problems with clear thinking, and fatigue
Muscle biopsy: nonspecific moth-eaten appearance/ fiber atrophy
Alternative Dx: use symptom severity scale and widespread pain index to identify disease characteristics
Blood tests (rule out other diseases, can't diagnose fibromylagia)
- CBC
- ESR
- Cyclic citrullinated peptide test
- Rheumatoid factor
- Thyroid function tests

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Nina, Mary, Grace, Nicole, Natalie