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In optics, chromatic aberration is an effect resulting from dispersion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence poin

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Posterization or posterisation of an image entails conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another. This was originally done with photographic processes to create posters

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In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable when sampled

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A compression artifact is a noticeable distortion of media caused by the application of lossy compression.

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In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image. It is a form of optical aberration

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Advanced Photo System type-C is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2

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APS-H - Computer Definition. (Advanced Photo System-High Definition) The APSformat that has a wide angle aspect ratio. See Advanced Photo System and crop factor.

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A full-frame camera uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm. The more popular APS-C sensor size found in most DSLRs and mirrorless cameras measures 22 x 15mm. This means a full-frame sensor has more than 2.5 times the surface area of an APS-C sensor.

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An image sensor or imaging sensor (also: imager) is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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Crop factor is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs. Crop factor is a term that describes the difference between your camera's sensor size and a traditional 35mm film frame.

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The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures

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Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd., is a Taiwanese manufacturer and distributor of computer hardware. Gigabyte is a motherboard vendor, with shipments of 4.8 million motherboards in Q1 2015, while ASUS shipped around 4.5 million motherboards in the same quarter

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a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

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a unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes

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a unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

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Cubism was the art world's response to photographic realism. But in this week's Shooting Challenge, the photographers answer back to the cubists—combining multiple perspectives into a single photos to create striking, confounding photographic works of art

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a trend in sculpture and painting that arose in the 1950s and used simple, typically massive, forms.

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www.theartstory.org

Pop art is an art movement that emerged in Britain and the United States during the mid- to late-1950s. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.

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A Sneak Peek Into the Roots of Avant Garde Photography. ... Probably the most celebrated photographer of this movement is Man Ray, who pioneered a photographic technique with his Rayographs. This process involved placing objects – such as spoons and pearl necklaces – on photo paper and exposing the entire thing to light

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Surreal Photography. If we let go of the idea that photographyrealistically portrays reality, we begin exploring a very different psychological, philosophical, and artistic territory: surreal photography. ... Surrealism in the art world became popular in the early 1920s as an expression of a revolutionary philosophy

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Nasim Mansurov12 Comments. Moiré pattern occurs when a scene or an object that is being photographed contains repetitive details (such as lines, dots, etc) that exceed the sensor resolution. As a result, the camera produces a strange-looking wavy pattern as seen below: (Image courtesy of photo.net)

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Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts

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In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other

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Still life photography is a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects. It is the application of photography to the still life artistic style. An example is food photography.

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Commercial photography is the creation of images to be used by businesses for selling or promoting their brand. This usually falls into the category of product or lifestyle imagery. A commercial photographer has the goal of positioning the brand in the minds of the viewers through a single, or series of photographs

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histogram is a graphical representation of the tonal values of your image. In other words, it shows the amount of tones of particular brightness found in your photograph ranging from black (0% brightness) to white (100% brightness).

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Anti-art is a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general. Somewhat paradoxically,anti-art tends to conduct this questioning and rejection from the vantage point ofart. ... It was used to describe revolutionary forms of art

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a collection or gathering of things or people.

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In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless or grey filter

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Cross processing is the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film. The effect was discovered independently by many different photographers often by mistake in the days of C-22 and E-4

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Honeycomb grid (light modifier) ... The “honeycomb Grid” is a simple device to direct the light in a tight beam. It is an example of a range of grids used in front of lights to harden the light source and prevent the light from spreading out into a wider, more diffused beam.

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A beauty dish is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a softbox, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

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In photography, a snoot is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows thephotographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam. These may be conical, cylindrical, or rectangular in shape. Snoots can isolate a subject when using a flash.

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Photographic Umbrella. Umbrellas are used primarily as diffusers in photography. They are used either to diffuse light by reflective diffusion, or shoot-throughdiffusion. Reflective diffusion: A flash light is fired directly into the underside of a black umbrella with a white or silver lining

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A soft box is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices. All the various soft light types create even and diffused light by transmitting light through some scattering material, or by reflecting light off a second surface to diffuse the light.

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A monolight is a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio. Each monolight has its own independent power source. It does not depend on a centralized power supply as a "pack and head" system does

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Catch light or catchlight is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image. They are also referred to as eye lights or Obies, the latter a reference to Merle Oberon, for whom the lightwas invented by then husband and cinematographer, Lucien Ballard.

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In image editing, a curve is a remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colours or other elements in a picture. Curves can usually be applied to all channels together in an image, or to each channel individually.

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Levels is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightnesslevels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range by specifying the location of complete black, complete white, and midtones in a histogram.

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In larger ring flashes, which are typically used for fashion photography, power may be supplied by an external battery or line power supply, or the power supply and light may be combined in one unit. Light is usually generated by one or more flash tubes or by multiple LEDs.

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Tilt–shift photography is the use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras

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straight-out-of-camera

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The ambrotype (from Ancient Greek: ἀμβροτός — “immortal”, and τύπος — “impression”) or amphitype, also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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Polaroid transfer is a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film. This way an image can be put on textiles, cups, glass and many other surfaces

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Photogravure is an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive

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Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints. The process uses two chemicals: ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide.

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The chlorophyll process is an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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Split Lighting is one of the 5 basic lighting setups used in studio portrait photography. Split lighting at its most basic level is constructed with a single light source placed 90 degrees offset from the subject and a bit higher than eye level, lighting one half of the face, and leaving the other in shadow.

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Loop lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above. This creates a nose shadow that 'loops' down at an angle onto their cheek. It is a slightly directional lighting pattern - the light is not flat, but the face is still mostly illuminated.

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Rembrandt lighting is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using onelight and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

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Butterfly lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the keylight is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles abutterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting,' named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

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Broad lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly. ... Broad lighting is typically less flattering than short lighting as it widens the look of the face.

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Short lighting is a classic portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from the side of their face that is farthest from the camera. The portion of the face that is most brightly lit is 'shorter' than if the light were positioned on the side of the face that is closest to the camera.