# data[].attributes.body
The Separatists were a strict Puritan sect within English Protestantism. United by their dislike of the Church of England, the Separatists wanted to either do away with the Church or sever all ties with it. The Separatists’ arguments with the Church of England were straightforward: too many elements of Roman Catholicism remained in the Protestant Church, and the Church wasn’t enforcing religious beliefs forcibly enough. The Separatists felt persecuted within their own country.

# data[].attributes.body
Thomas Hooker was a pastor who came to America in 1633, landing in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He disagreed with the rules in the Bay Colony that restricted voting rights to members of the church. Hooker believed that all people should be able to have a say in who was elected leader, regardless of their religious views.

# data[].attributes.body
Roger Williams was an English colonist who founded the colony of Rhode Island. He was born in England and came to America in 1631.

# data[].attributes.body
Peter Stuyvesant was the son of a Calvinist minister and a director in the Dutch West India Company. In 1645, he was named Director General of all Dutch colonies in North America and the Caribbean. This included the colony of New Netherland, located in what is now New York State. When Stuyvesant arrived in the colony’s capital city of New Amsterdam in 1647, he found the colony in a weak state. He immediately began issuing rules and regulations. For example, he regulated taverns and exposed smuggling operations. The people of New Netherland had been accustomed to ineffective leaders, and they found Stuyvesant’s manner arrogant and his decrees harsh. Nevertheless, they worked with him to establish the city’s first municipal government in 1653.

# data[].attributes.body
John Rolfe was a colonial official and planter who played a vital role in the economic success of the Jamestown colony. In the early years of the Jamestown settlement, the colony failed to yield any profits for the investors, the Virginia Company of London. In 1612, finding that the local tobacco he had encountered in Virginia was too bitter, Rolfe began to cultivate seeds he had obtained in the West Indies. The crop thrived in Virginia and enjoyed large-scale exports to England. It was a huge cash crop for the colony. The economic success of Rolfe’s tobacco helped to stabilize the once struggling colony.

# data[].attributes.body
Like many other early American colonists, Anne Hutchinson was born in England. She came to America in 1634 and settled with her husband and children in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Hutchinson had her own beliefs about religion. She felt that a relationship with God was a personal one and that you didn’t need to go to church to maintain that relationship.

# data[].attributes.body
The Virginia Company was the English company that founded the colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. The previous year, King James I gave the company a charter to create a colony somewhere between current-day North Carolina and New York State on the east coast of North America. The company sent about 105 colonists to America. They arrived in May 1607 and founded Jamestown on the mouth of the James River near the Chesapeake Bay.

# data[].attributes.body
A staple crop is a crop that is most commonly grown in a particular region. Staple crops can be food sources that are used to feed a great number of people, such as rice in China. They can also be commercial crops that are used to support trade, such as tobacco in Cuba. Thus staple crops vary from region to region. They depend on the climate of the area as well as the economic goals of the growers. Typically staple crops are easily stored for long periods of time, which makes them more suitable for long-term consumption or trade

# data[].attributes.body
The term Protestant Church refers to several different sects of Christianity that began to split off from the Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation, which took place in the 1500s. The Reformation was a protest against abuses in the Catholic Church. It led to the creation of numerous new churches, known as Protestant churches.

In general, these churches differ from the Catholic Church in that they place greater focus on the Bible, while teachings and practices from other sources are rejected. Protestant churches do not consider the pope the head of the church. They have pastors or ministers who are allowed to marry and are not seen as being so different from ordinary people.

# data[].attributes.body
The word pilgrim means someone who takes a long journey, usually to a religious site—a journey known as a pilgrimage. In U.S. history Pilgrims refers to the group of English men, women, and children who sailed from England to the Netherlands and then to Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620. They were also known as Separatists because when they were in England, they wanted to separate from the established Anglican Church and form new churches. They were not allowed to do so in England, however, so they chose to sail to North America on a ship called the Mayflower and then start a new community where they could worship as they wanted to.

# data[].attributes.body
Mercantilism is an economic theory that was practiced by European powers from the 1500s to the 1700s. Nations that practiced mercantilism believed that a nation could become more powerful if it followed certain economic principles. One of these principles was accumulating wealth in the form of precious metals like gold and silver. These metals were used as currency. The other important principle of mercantilism was having a favorable balance of trade. That meant that a country sold more goods to other countries than it brought in from other countries.

European nations believed having many colonies could help them achieve their goals. Europeans, especially the Spanish, looked for gold and silver in the American colonies. They also felt that the colonies could provide them with many other raw materials that they needed. If a nation could gain access to raw materials from the colonies instead of buying them from another European power, its balance of trade would improve. In addition, people in the colonies were expected to buy goods manufactured in the home country, which would again, improve the home country’s balance of trade.

# data[].attributes.body
The Mayflower Compact was a document drawn up by the Pilgrims who sailed to Plymouth on the Mayflower. It was signed on November 21, 1620, before the Pilgrims landed and left their ship. Those who signed the document agreed that they would form a government and follow any laws that were agreed upon for the “general good of the colony.” Forty-one men, nearly all of the ship’s male passengers, signed the document. They then chose John Carver as the governor of their new colony.
The Mayflower Compact created a framework for government in the American colonies. It established the idea of self-government for the new colonists in Plymouth. The idea that the colonists should have a role in creating their government is an important part of the American democratic tradition.

# data[].attributes.body
The Massachusetts Bay Company was the British joint-stock company that founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1629, the company had been granted a charter from King Charles I. This charter gave them the right to colonize part of New England between the Charles and Merrimack Rivers, as well as the right to trade there. The following year, a group of approximately 1,000 Puritans settled near current-day Boston. These Puritans had left England because they faced religious persecution there and wanted to establish a colony based on their religious beliefs.

# data[].attributes.body
Imagine for a moment the amount of work that would be involved in setting up a colony on a distant land. You would have to transport people and goods over long distances. You would need to earn a living in the colony, so you would need farming equipment or other tools. You also might be required to make several trips back to the home country to stock up on supplies. These were the realities that European countries faced when they considered starting colonies in North America.

Many countries, including Great Britain, did not have strong economies in the early 1600s, and the governments were not able to financially support the starting of a colony. To solve this problem, governments initially encouraged private investors to start their own colonies. However, very few individuals had the money to start a colony.

The solution lay in the idea of joint-stock companies, which were especially popular in England.

# data[].attributes.body
The Dutch West India Company was a trading company. It had a monopoly on trade with Africa, the Americas, and every place in between.
The Dutch West India Company was founded to carry out what might best be described as a trade war against its European competitors. Its targets were the English, Spanish, and Portuguese territories of the Americas, the West Indies, and the west coast of Africa. The company intended to finance its plan by buying slaves in Africa and selling them in the West Indies and South America. However, the slave trade was never profitable enough to support the Dutch trade wars against their European rivals

# data[].attributes.body
Economists use the term commodity to refer to a particular kind of good. Commodities are usually agricultural products, minerals, or other raw materials. They are different from other goods because the price that people will pay for a commodity is usually the same no matter where it comes from. For example, in most markets a crop like corn will be sold for the same price no matter where it was grown. Manufactured goods are not commodities because the price will vary depending on the source of the product.
Commodities are often bought by investors, who hope the price of the commodity will rise.

# data[].attributes.body
A colony is an area of land or a settlement that is ruled by another country. From the 1400s through the 1600s, European powers became interested in establishing colonies in the Western Hemisphere. At this time, Europeans believed that gaining control of large amounts of natural resources would provide great wealth, so they wanted control of the colonies to provide those resources. European powers also wanted to establish colonies to spread the Roman Catholic religion and to assert their power in rivalries with each other.

# data[].attributes.body
The Church of England has been the official church in England for about 450 years.

# data[].attributes.body
Vaquero is the Spanish word for a cattle herder, and vaqueros in Mexico were the first cowboys in North America. Vaqueros herded cattle in Mexico and brought longhorn cattle north to what is now Texas in the 1860s, where the cattle were left to roam free. Vaqueros developed the system of letting cattle graze on the open range and then herding and branding the cattle to bring them to ranches. When moving cattle along trails north from Texas became a profitable industry in the 1800s, Mexican vaqueros worked alongside white Americans as cowboys on the trails.

# data[].attributes.body
The triangular trade was a series of transatlantic trade routes that—when plotted on a map—roughly resembled triangles. Traders used one of these trade routes to ship enslaved Africans to the Americas. Typically a ship full of manufactured goods would set sail from a European port headed for the west coast of Africa. There, traders would exchange their goods for enslaved Africans and set sail for the West Indies, where they would exchange the enslaved Africans for sugar and tobacco. Then the traders returned to Europe to sell their newly acquired goods and items.

# data[].attributes.body
The forced migration of millions of captured and enslaved people from Africa to the Americas is known as the transatlantic slave trade. The slave trade began in the late 1400s. Europeans initially traded in the Caribbean and then began trading with American colonies. European slave ships would dock at western African ports, and Europeans would purchase cargos of enslaved people from African traders.

# data[].attributes.body
Trade is the exchange of goods and services by sale or barter. It is driven both by the need for resources and by the amount of resources that a trader has on hand. Archaeologists studying prehistoric sites have found artifacts indicating that trade took place early on in human history.

# data[].attributes.body
A mission is an organized effort by Christians to spread their religious faith. In the 1600s and 1700s, the term was used to described settlements in North America that were established by Spanish Catholic priests to spread their religion to Native Americans. The majority of the missions that the Spanish established were in what is now the southwestern United States, from Texas to California. Missions were farming settlements that included chapels; presidios, which were forts where Spanish soldiers lived; and housing for the priests and Native Americans who lived there.

# data[].attributes.body
The Middle Passage was a term used to describe the middle part of an enslaved person’s journey from Africa to the Americas. The first part of the journey was from the Africans’ home villages to the west coast of Africa, where the captives were kept locked up after being kidnapped. The Middle Passage was the journey across the Atlantic Ocean on a slave-trading ship. The last part of the journey began from the arrival port in the West Indies or America and ended at the final destination where the enslaved people would work. The Middle Passage usually took between 21 and 90 days, and the ships were overcrowded and filthy

# data[].attributes.body
An indentured servant is a worker who agrees to provide a service for a specified time in return for some form of payment. For example, a young man wishing to learn the cobbler’s trade might indenture himself as an apprentice to an experienced cobbler for three years. In exchange the experienced cobbler would teach him how to make shoes. The indentured servant, however, would be completely under the authority of his or her overseer.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
SLOT777 DI INDO777 SITUS JUDI BOLA ONLINE PALING GACOR SBOBET TERPERCAYA

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kelebihan dari Slot777 Gacor di Indo777 adalah banyaknya bonus yang ditawarkan dan keamanan yang diberikan oleh situs tersebut kepada para pemain. Selain itu, Indo777 juga memberikan layanan pelanggan yang responsif dan selalu siap membantu para pemain dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang mungkin timbul saat bermain.

# data[].attributes.body
An epidemic is an outbreak of an infectious disease that affects an unusually large number of people and lasts for a long time. Outbreaks become epidemics when they spread beyond the local population to a wider geographic area. Epidemics become pandemics when they spread around the world. One example of an epidemic that became a pandemic was the Spanish influenza pandemic.

# data[].attributes.body
The term environment refers to the physical surroundings in which plants, animals, and humans live. Different locations have different environments. These differences are based on the soil, climate, and other living things that are located at each location. In addition, the term environment is used for the natural world on Earth in general. When people speak of protecting the environment, they are usually not limiting the term to a single location.

# data[].attributes.body
The encomienda was the system that the Spanish government used to try to control Native Americans in the American colonies in the 1500s. Through this system the Spanish crown granted a certain number of Native Americans in a particular area to Spanish conquistadors, soldiers, or other officials.

# data[].attributes.body
A conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

# data[].attributes.body
Each of four parts of a plane, sphere, space, or body divided by two lines or planes at right angles.

# data[].attributes.body
A customer, especially a regular one, of a store, restaurant, or theater.

# data[].attributes.body
From the European and northern Atlantic point of view, the sea route to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

# data[].attributes.body
Refuse to obey the orders of a person in authority.

# data[].attributes.body
A triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast.

# data[].attributes.body
A journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose.

# data[].attributes.body
A conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

# data[].attributes.body
An instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.

# data[].attributes.body
To sail or travel all the way around.

# data[].attributes.body
A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries.

# data[].attributes.body
An instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements.

# data[].attributes.body
According to the beliefs of Native American cultures in the Pacific Northwest and parts of Canada, a totem is a guardian or ancestor that watches over people.

# data[].attributes.body
A tepee was a cone-shaped tent used by some Native American groups for shelter.

# data[].attributes.body
Pueblo comes from the Spanish word for “village.” The Pueblo Indian emerged around 100 CE. This group settled in the region that spanned from central Utah to northern Mexico.

# data[].attributes.body
Natural resources are substances, materials, and living things that occur on or within the earth and that have economic value.

# data[].attributes.body
A communal dwelling, especially of the Iroquois and various other North American Indian peoples, consisting of a wooden, bark-covered framework often as much as 100 feet (30.5 meters) in length.

# data[].attributes.body
A chamber, built wholly or partly underground, used by male Pueblo Indians for religious rites.

# data[].attributes.body
The Iroquois League was a confederation of five Indian nations, including the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.

# data[].attributes.body
An empire is a political construct in which one state dominates over another state, or a series of states.

# data[].attributes.body
Algonquian is the name of a family of Northeast Native American languages. Its speakers include the Penobscot, Massachuset, Mohican, Shawnee, Miami, and Illinois tribes. Collectively these tribes are called Algonquin.

# data[].attributes.body
The system of checks and balances is used to keep the government from getting too powerful in one branch.

# data[].attributes.body
An amendment is a change or addition to the Constitution.

# data[].attributes.body
The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution.

# data[].attributes.body
making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it.

# data[].attributes.body
A compromise is a way of settling differences by everybody making concessions.

# data[].attributes.body
A constitution is a set of rules that guides how a country, state, or other political organization works.

# data[].attributes.body
The system of rules and the people who make and administer them is known as a government.