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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the brain. The progressive loss of mental capacity and impaired ability to perform a motor activity resulting in the death of the subject within six months. The disease was first described in 1920.

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a human prion disease. It is a neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic clinical and diagnostic features. This disease is rapidly progressive and always fatal. Infection with this disease leads to death usually within one year of onset of illness. CJD is believed to be caused by an abnormal isoform of a cellular glycoprotein known as the prion protein. There is no specific therapy that has been shown to stop the progression of prion disease, including CJD. The most common form of CJD is believed to occur sporadically, caused by the spontaneous transformation of normal prion proteins into abnormal prions. This sporadic disease occurs worldwide, at a rate of roughly 1.5 cases per 1 million people per year. Symptoms of CJD include rapid mental deterioration, usually within a few months. Other signs and symptoms typically include: personality changes, anxiety, depression, memory loss, impaired thinking, blurred vision or blindness, insomnia, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing, sudden jerking movements.