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German electrical engineer who invented the electron microscope. He was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1986.
He began the studies that led to his invention of the electron microscope during his time at the University of Munich during 1925–27. Ruska found  that if electrons could be focused on an object the same way light is, one could produce extremely high magnifications of great detail. In 1931 he built the first electron lens, an electromagnet. He joined Siemens-Reiniger-Werke AG as a research engineer in 1937 and finally brought out his commercial electronic microscope in1939.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Ernst Ruska.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 25 May 2018, www.britannica.com/biography/Ernst-Ruska.In-text Citation

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Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch microbiologist born in 1632.  He lacked education and got a job as a tradesman when he was 37 years old . During his work he was fascinated by the lens used to observe types of cloth. He taught himself how to grind the lens and make microscopes. In 1674, Van Leeuwenhoek first saw a moving bacteria. He further discovered parasitic microscopic protists, sperm cells, blood cells, microscopic nematodes and much more.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 16 Nov. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Antonie-van-Leeuwenhoek.

“Contributions to Cell Theory.” Events Leading Up To World War I Timeline | Preceden, www.preceden.com/timelines/46013-contributions-to-cell-theory.

“Home.” Famous Scientists, www.famousscientists.org/antonie-van-leeuwenhoek/.

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Matthais Schleiden was a German scientist born in 1804. In 1838, he stated that the different parts of the plant organism are composed of cells or types of specialised cells. Additionally, he was one of the first scientists to label the cell nucleus as crucial in the process of cell division.

"Matthias Jakob Schleiden | Biography & Facts." Encyclopedia Britannica. N. p., 2018. Web. 13 Aug. 2018. <https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matthias-Jakob-Schleiden

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Rudolf Virchow was a well known scientist who added to the cell theory. The scientist was born on 13th October 1821 in Poland and passed away on the 5th of September 1902 . Not only did he add to the cell theory made several important discoveries. The German added to the Schwann Theory, proving that new cells are produced by the division of pre-existing cells.

WALTER, E. AND SCOTT, M.

The life and work of Rudolf Virchow 1821–1902: “Cell theory, thrombosis and the sausage duel”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5665122/

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The cell was first discovered in 1665 by Robert Hook. He saw dead cell walls of a plant cell (cork tissue) under a microscope and described, that it looked similar to small rooms inhabited by monks (cellula). The observations made by Hook gave no indication of a nucleus or other cell organelles found in most living cells. His observations were recorded in Micrographia- a book describing observations made through a microscope.

Rhoads, Dan. “History of Cell Biology.” Bitesize Bio, 6 Mar. 2015,
bitesizebio.com/166/history-of-cell-biology/.

Ananya

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Hans and Zacharias Jansen - Mallika Gore

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Hans and Zacharias Jansen - Mallika Gore

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Zacharias Jansen was a dutch spectacle maker who worked with his father, Hans when inventing the  first compound optical microscope in 1595. They did this combining two convex lenses together in a tube and by putting one in front of the other.

This contributed to the cell theory as it made it easier to observe cells. This then allowed the scientist, Robert Hooke to observe the cell walls of a piece of cork in 1663

"Contributions To Cell Theory Timeline | Preceden." Preceden Timeline Maker: Create a Professional Timeline in Minutes, www.preceden.com/timelines/46013-contributions-to-cell-theory.

"Hans and Zacharias Janssen." Cell Theory Timeline, celltheorytimeline.weebly.com/hans-and-zacharias-janssen.html.

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The German biologist Theodor Schwann is a founder of the cell theory. Schwann verified the existence of cells, and he traced the development of many adult tissues from early embryo stages. He also discovered pepsin, the first digestive enzyme prepared from animal tissue, and experimented to disprove spontaneous generation.

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Born on April 21st 1843 , Walter Flemming is a German scientist that was the first ever to observe the behaviour of chromosomes systematically in the nucleus during mitosis. He then used a line dyes to stain the embryos and visualise a thread like material as cells divide during mitosis.

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Walther Flemming.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 31 July 2018, www.britannica.com/biography/Walther-Flemming.

“Walther Flemming (1843-1905) :: DNA Learning Center.” DNALC Blogs, Http://Creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-Nc-Nd/3.0/Us/, www.dnalc.org/view/16235-Biography-7-Walther-Flemming-1843-1905-.html

Arnav wadhwa

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• Researched animal reproduction extensively
• Discovered the presence of microbes and the fact that boiling water kills them
• Helped in disproving preformationism and spontaneous generation
• Studied digestion and established that it is a chemical process
• Investigated microscopic life forms and laid the foundation for Louis Pasteur

Bibliography

"Cell Theory And The Rejection Of Spontaneous Generation." Prezi.com, prezi.com/pgduqengwads/cell-theory-and-the-rejection-of-spontaneous-generation/.

"Cell Theory Timeline." Prezi.com, prezi.com/ydezt-iywdvu/cell-theory-timeline/.

"The Development of Cell Theory." SCIENTIST CINDY, www.scientistcindy.com/the-development-of-cell-theory.html.

"Lazzaro Spallanzani | Italian Physiologist." Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/biography/Lazzaro-Spallanzani.

"Lazzaro Spallanzani." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 10 May 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani. Accessed 13 Aug. 2018.

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- Italian physician who experimented to prove the idea of spontaneous generation wrong.
- Spontaneous generation is the idea that life could appear spontaneously from non-living matter.
- He created a basis for disproving the idea of spontaneous generation which then led future and other scientists to come to the conclusion that all cells originate from pre- existing cells.

He, Anita. “Cell Theory Contribution.” Prezi.com, 14 Feb. 2013, prezi.com/l7rzp3unvuxv/cell-theory-contribution/.

Krisha Agarwal

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Vrinda Chetuvetty
-created the first electron microscope which provided a magnification of  400x.
-Ernst later in 1933 developed an even more  powerful electron microscope. He demonstrated this microscope's power by showing a point to point resolution of 50nm in a sample of cotton fibres.

“Electron Microscope by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska.” William Harvey and Human Circulatory System, historyofsciences.blogspot.com/2014/09/electron-microscope.html.
“Overview of Electron Microscopy.” CaltechAUTHORS, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/materials/public/ElectronMicroscope/EM_HistOverview.htm

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- He created the phrase omnis cellula e cellula which means "every cell is derived from a [preexisting] cell".

- He was an early  advocate of the use of the microscope in the study of plants and or tissues.

- He also supported using different antiseptics along with better sanitisation hence also supported better health care as later in his life he turned into a hygienist.

“François Vincent Raspail.” The Voice Behind Storytelling: An Empowering Look at the Corroboration of Standard English and Black Vernacular English in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God,

- Dhriti chauhan

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- Mridula Gullapalli
Robert Brown was a Scottish botanist, and is recognised for his exemplary use of microscopes.
He is well known for having contributed to cell biology through his descriptions and research about cell nuclei and cytoplasmic streaming

“Robert Brown (Botanist, Born 1773).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Aug. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773).

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Born on Sept 3, 1710, Abraham Trembley was a Swiss naturalist, best know for his studies of many types of fresh water hydra. He discovered the regenerative capacity of the hydra, foreshadowing today's research on tissue regeneration and grafting. His experiments displayed the hydra's ability to, when cut into two pieces, form complete individual hydrae, and when two individuals are grafted together, their ability to form one complete individual hydra. He was able to prove that budding is not only possible in the animal kingdom, but also that it is an asexual process. He was the first to acknowledge and observe cell division in algae and protozoans.

"Abraham Trembley (1710-1784) | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia." Embryo.asu.edu. N. p., 2018. Web. 13 Aug. 2018.

"Abraham Trembley | Swiss Naturalist." Encyclopedia Britannica. N. p., 2018. Web. 13 Aug. 2018.

DISHA SIKARIA

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John Turberville Needham was not only an accomplished biologist but also a Roman Catholic priest. he is well known for publishing a paper which describes the mechanics of pollen leading to him getting immense recognition in the botany community. Moreover , Needham is extremely famous for his microscopical discoveries. These were published in his book " An account of some new microscopical discoveries. " Needham , through his observations established that micro organisms do not grow from eggs

“Home.” Famous Scientists, www.famousscientists.org/john-needham/.In-text Citation

“John Needham.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Aug. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Needham.In-text Citation

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A microbiologist, biologist and chemist, Louis Pasteur contributed to the cell theory by arguing the existence of spontaneous generation. By carrying out an experiment to determine whether sterile nutrient broth could spontaneously generate microbacterial life, he was the first to demonstrate that cells only have the ability to form from pre-existing cells. Additionally, he created a method to prevent food from spoiling known as Pasteurisation.

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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) is one of the founders of medical biology, along with Robert Koch. He discovered vaccines against rabies, fowl cholera and antrax. He proved the Spontaneous Theory to be wrong. He also discovered the method of preserving food by means of pasteurization

There were few discoveries in his life............

Originsbottle. The only way for microorganisms to enter there and populate was through a tube. But the tube had too many curves to forbid them from entering. If a hole was made to this tube, the microorganism could enter and populate into the rotten matter. After that, Spontaneous Generation Theory could be proved to be false Edit

He also help to improve the mechanisms of fermentation in the making of beer. He invented the process of pasteurization to clean them from microbes. Pasteurization is a process in which the solution is heated to certain degress and then rapidly cooled. That way, the few microbes that survived to heating could not survive the fast cooling afterwards. Thus, he could use this process to destroy viruses, bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.

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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) is one of the founders of medical biology, along with Robert Koch. He discovered vaccines against rabies, fowl cholera and antrax. He proved the Spontaneous Theory to be wrong. He also discovered the method of preserving food by means of pasteurization There were few discoveries in his life............