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http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1258/135581902760082517

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A strong, efficient, well-run health system

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A strong, efficient, well-run health system

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1. A good health system delivers quality services to all people, when and where they need them. The exact configuration of services varies from country to country, but in all cases requires a robust financing mechanism; a well-trained and adequately paid workforce; reliable information on which to base decisions and policies; well maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies. (WHO, www.who.int/topics/health_systems/en/

2. Better health essential to human health and wellbeing, it also makes an important contribution to economic progress as healthy populations live longer and are more productive and save more ( www.who.int/hdp/en/ )

3. No access to a robust financing mechanism, well-trained and adequately paid workforce, reliable information and well maintained facilities and logistics.

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1. Sufficient capacity of well-trained, motivated health workers to provide the services to meet patients' needs based on the best available evidence (From course materials)
2. De-motivated health workers are one of the most common causes of inefficiency (http://www.paho.org/forocoberturagt2014/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/FIN-Evans-WHO-UHC-Concepts-and-Principles.pdf)
Global shortage of healthcare workers (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5710014/
3. Migration of health workers causes inequitable access to healthcare (http://www.who.int/gho/health_workforce/en/)

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a) With the knowledge that he is highly educated and trusts your opinion, you can be more forthcoming with the information regarding the procedure, including the use of more scientific words.

b) With the wife wanting an Indigenous health professional, you can offer your best attempts to either educate yourself on the cultural differences or seek out an Indigenous health professional to assist with the prescription of the treatment. There is also an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Access Line for which the wife (or family) can contact with any extra questions about the procedure. 2

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Considerations:
- inquire about his knowledge of bush medicine and build rapport through that discussion
- explain certain terms such as diarrhoea, excoriation, haemorrhoids etc.
- how his culture affects his willingness to receive the treatment
- traditional medicine that he might posses in exchange for lanoline
- how culture may affect his diet

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38-yo overseas, English second language, paediatric surg

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38-yo overseas, English second language, paediatric surg

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- possibly change the language, however, the patient is a paediatric surgeon so should be fine with the information on the brochure and the slimplicity of the language

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a) The pamphlet is structured neatly and concisely, and once folded up would be easy to follow. This structure could be easily communicated towards a patient to follow prior to a colonoscopy. There is also an extensive list of foods to avoid and choose prior to the procedure, further enhancing the understanding of the patient regarding the diet.

b) Using greater explanation when referring to specific terms (such as nausea or diarrhoea) to ensure complete understanding from all patients who read the pamphlet.

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a) - too much info - very long
- not everything is explained clearly
- not culturally inclusive
- high level of english competence needed to understand brochure
- only aimed at adults

b) - more simplistic language
- condense info
- include pictures/diagrams
- aim at all age levels

c) - keep things concise - getting to the point
- simplistic language
- visual assistance - pictures and diagrams
- normalise the issue
- ensure understanding - teach-back method
- videos
- talking things through
- being open
- be informal and not authoritative

d) - show empathy/sympathy
- include mum into the conversation
- build a relationship
- share info about yourself
- start from the basics

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A)
- genuinely the brochure uses basic language although in some parts they use terms that may not be understood to some people and possibly to much information to keep the reader interested
B)
- presentation could have been more visually grabbing so people that have  been told to read the brochure are kept interested
-  instead of having key points at the end possibly having them at the start so at least if people don't read the whole thing they get something out of it

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It can be understood:
- User friendly.
- Clear headings/is well organised.
- Useful information to ensure readers have someone to contact, for both men and women.
- Dedicated page for useful services - A service for everyone.
- Relevant to the Australian community - Published by the government.
To improve:
- Pictures
- A story to relate to
- A glossary
Considering the scenario:
- Auslan video - trust
- More visual aspects
- Sevices avaliable given he is from New Zealand
- Language more simplified
- Carer in providing assistance
Part 2:
- Eye contact - connection, but also be aware of other cultures
- Adapt as you learn more about the person.
- Careful with the way you treat them initially.
- With the assistance of his brother, it will be easier to communicate and create a better understanding. Paora should also be still involved.
- Body language is a key factor.

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It is both a social and behavioural determinant.

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- 12.5% of youth are unemployed
- 1/3 of youth are not working or not getting the hours they want
- 1/2 of employed people are casual workers
- Social determinants, such as income, have influenced unemployment rates
- Advancements in technology have led to less job availability
- Social determinants impact working conditions, income and employability effect the health of the individual
-  Age is a biomedical determinant

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Social interaction is really important (and is even more important than exercise, dieting etc.). Close relationships are important, but this also includes day to day (face to face) interaction with other humans. :) it’s also important not to fee

Top predictors for a long life (highest - lowest):
- social integration
- close relationships
- quit smoking
- quit boozing
- flu vaccines
- cardiac rehab
- exercise
- lean/overweight
- hypertension management
- clean air

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- anxiety is linked to all determinants of health and all of the determinants of health are linked to each other
- biomedical: imbalance of neurotransmitters and/or genetic predisposition
- behavioural: sometimes they place themselves in stressful situations. (procrastination, fear of missing out, introverted/extroverted)
- social: the author is going to a psychologist (has the money to afford one, has the health literacy to know they need one) income instability
- There could be a genetic component (there is a history of mental illness in the family of the author)
- "anxiety disorders are not just medical problems. They are inherently social illnesses..."
- stress is a large factor when it comes to anxiety (stress over housing, income, the environment and the persons social life)
- Anxiety is now common in Gen Y

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1. Participation
2. Punctuality
3. Respect
4. Don't talk while others are talking
5. Friendliness

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1.Have respect for one another
2.Be open and friendly
3.Answer Questions
4.Come to tute
5.Build rapport

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1. Honesty
2. Keep it Fun
3. Participation
4. Punctuality
5. Respect

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1. Respect
2. Communication
3. Friendliness
4. Participation
5. Bring food

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1. Allow equal input from everyone
2. Arrive on time
3. Be respectful of others
4. Contribute to group discussions
5. Be nice to everyone

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Physical, mental and environmental factors influencing on an individual positively or negatively from the inside or the outside.

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Our definition:
Healh encompasses all the facets of life. This includes physical health, mental health, spiritual connection, cultural and social aspects. To be “healthy” is to have a balance of positive scores across all of these areas.

How this definition is shaped by us:
- life experiences
- upbringing
- education
- passion/interest for health care

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Is a combination of physical, mental and social well being. A persons level of health also determines whether or not they will be able to complete their daily living routine and ultimately if they are living a full life.

Definition influenced by:
- Education
- Past experiences
- Upbringing
- View on life

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Health and well-being is not just the absence of illness but rather, an individualized feeling of satisfaction in all aspects of life, such as physical fitness, mental, emotional and social state. Some people might add spirituality into their definition of health and well-being.

Definition is Influenced by;
- Experiences
- Upbringing
- Morals and Values
- Culture

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A state of being that enables people to lead autonomous, productive lives and feel contented with their own, individual version of themselves - physically, socially, emotionally, economically and mentally.