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Usually encounter houseflies, roaches. For roaches, always near the rubbish bin at the condo facility. Rainy season, get mosquitoes in his drains and pots. Doesn't know where houseflies come from.

If surroundings not clean, going to get roaches and rats.

"Cockroaches irritate the hell out of me. Damn disgusting, don't know where they live." Usually come from the rubbish chute, because cleaners don't do a good job of cleaning up the rubbish chute over time, so they start coming up.

There's a small gap in between the rubbish chute, so they come out from that hole. Need to be extra careful about that part.

Rubbish chute by right should snap back in place, but sometimes on a cold day it malfunctions, cannot fully close properly.

Tried to prevent roaches from coming in by sticking those cockraoach repllent patches at the rubbish chute areas, doesn't really work.

People throw their trash down without tying it in a plastic bag, attract roaches. No one has tried to change the way of cleaning the chutes, they either use high water pressure or hoses in the condos.

Also experience beetles, always fly in from outside through the windows. Never use window nettings to keep them out because his house uses full length windows, cannot put.

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Encounter pests everyday. Mostly ants. Doesn't really affect him because it's very common, they can be found everywhere and not very harmful.

Tried to trace back where they come from, mostly from little holes on the walls. Bought a product online, some kind of plaster solution and sealed the walls up himself.

Reduction of ants in house after sealing, but it closes the hole well so that the ants do not crawl in. But only seals holes that he sees, so if he doesn't see, he won't see.

Thinks the ants crawl in from the windows. Usually sees them at kitchen and toilet. In kitchen because there is food, in toilet because got a lot of holes.

Will still use plaster cover but some holes are quite high on the wall, he cannot reach, doesn't find them.

Ants are attracted because of food in the kitchen. Affects him because he throws the food that have been affected by ants.

Says it will be effective if can fix all the holes in his house.

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Often encounters cockroaches and lizards at night, mostly in the kitchen. Doesn't have a good impression of them because from young, she's already associated them as signs that her house is dirty, or if they've been breeding within the premises. Not that scared, won't really make a fuss.

More afraid of cockroaches.

One problem faced when getting rid of roaches is that they run really fast whenever she sprays the pesticide on them. She has to take the can and run along with them. The whole house would smell of pesticide.

Cleaning up after the ordeal is also a hassle. Roaches appear in the toilet too. Toilet because she doesn't do deep cleaning as often. In the kitchen because there's food. There's also a lot of dark corners where cockroaches can hide.

Cockroaches used to come out of the rubbish chute under the sink, because it wasn't properly sealed in with the wall. Family sealed it up themselves, cockroach sightings are reduced. Did not remember how they sealed it up.

For cupboards or any areas where it's not cleaned as frequently, use some sort of wrapping paper(?) to prevent pests from breeding or coming into contact, because of a certain chemical inside.

Besides the holes, another issue is human mistakes, because sometimes family forgot to close rubbish chutes, but now got mechanism to help with that. Don't search for their nest, because their first instinct is to kill.

If there's a way to find the nest, it'll be good for the family. Really want to prevent insects from coming in and breeding. Wants to be able to go directly to the source and prevent it.

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Encounter ants everyday, cockroaches appear once in a while and flies that fly in the toilet.

The everyday interaction with ants bother her as they always come in a large gorup, and she must always clean the place before she can use. Doesn't like seeing them in large groups as it makes her think that there's something in the place that's attracting the ants. Tried to trace the ants' tracks but never found where they came from.

Use tissue to kill, effective. Thinks that they made a home somewhere in the house. Also thinks that it's because on certain occasions when food weren't kept properly, ants mark their place as source of food, and go there regularly.

Presence of cockroaches affect her as she views them as dirty. If a roach is in an area that she wants to use, she feels disturbed, as a cockroach has invaded her space.

Baygon isn't effective, need to spray the roach for a very long time before it stops wriggling. Usually find the cockroaches in the kitchen, because kitchen has dark areas, thinks it's where cockroaches will hide.

Thinks that both cockroaches and ants have built homes inside the house. Did try to clean the house more often, to clean areas where they haven't been touched. Didn't keep it up as it got too tiring.

Lives in an OLD HDB, failing infrastructure causing multiples cracks and holes in an apartment provides multiple opportunities for insects to crawl in. Doesn't want to ruin infrastructure by spraying some chemicals into the cracks to kill prevent the pests from coming in.

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Encounters beetles everyday, lives in a condo near a lot of trees, usually flies in from the balcony because she thinks they're attracted to light.

Doesn't like insects, because they're unpredictable and you never know where they're going to go and what they're going to do. Doesn't know where to expect them.

Usually turns on the air conditioner to prevent beetles from coming in. One time forgot to turn on, beetle came in, had to hide under a blanket. Felt very stressed because she could hear their exoskeletons smacking against the walls. Her most effective solution is her Dad, who uses hands and tissue paper to catch.

Her Dad will also use baygon, but it's not effective in preventing the beetles from entering in the long term. Wants to stop the beetles from coming in once and for all because it's very annoying.

Experiences other pests such as cockroaches and ants too. Cockroaches sometimes crawl out from the drain in the kitchen, but she doesn't see it so often that it becomes a problem. For ants, it's because she leaves food out, especially in instances where she forgot that she left her food there.

Traced the ants to find out where they came from. Found that they always come from some random hole. Sprayed baygon into the hole but the ants still return.

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Often encounter lizards, ants, and flies. Usually encounter in the living room dining table and kitchen.

Dining table: not clean, somebody drops something on the floor when eating.
Living room: got window, come from outside

Disgusted when flies come and touch their food because it's contaminated with dirt and bacteria. Pests don't pose as a huge problem for her, if there's a lizard, father catches it. If ants and flies, she just takes something and beat them.

Suspects that there may be an ant nest at home, tried to use baygon to limit the interaction with pests. Doesn't use medicines/traps. Because "when you see a stretch of ants, the first thing you'll do is to take baygon and kill, not to go out and buy ant medicine and traps".

The look and texture of lizards scare her, so it's usually her father that catches them. But not really bothered with ants, even if she sees a lot, she doesn't get curious to see where they're coming from. She'll care, but not to that extent.

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Doesn't really encounter pests often, but if have the pest is always cockroaches. Always appear near the rubbish can, and not anywhere else. Thinks it's because they're attracted to the foods.

Hates flying cockroaches the most.

Normally use baygon to spray and kill, but the cockroach doesn't die easily even after getting sprayed. They'll just run away and hide in other places, and the interviewee is scared that they'll appear at any moment.

Only uses baygon, doesn't like that it makes the floor oily after using. Not effective in preventing cockroaches from entering in the long term, wants something to prevent the cockroach from coming in, like some sort of smell.

Thinks that even after cleaning, cockroaches will still come.

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Sees cockroaches, ants, and lizards often. Cannot predict when they want to come. Sometimes can go up to 2 weeks without seeing cockroaches, but then can sometimes see them every day for a week. The difference between those two weeks is that they come lesser when raining, maybe because cold.

Ants don't really affect her that much, it's just a lot of them and the need to clean. Tried to throw away the rubbish and clean more often, but there's still a lot of ants.

Frustrated that she can't stop the flow. Tried to find which hole they come from, cannot really find. Sometimes can trace back, but she knows that's not the only spots that they come out from.

Tried to spray homemade mixture into the cracks, doesn't work.

Only knows why cockroaches and ants come in, mostly attracted to the trash and food. For lizards, she doesn't know why they're there. Tried to use products such as gel for the ants so that they can bring back and kill the entire nest. Doesn't work, still sees them frequently.

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Interviewees 14 to 21

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Interviewees 1 to 13

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Not afraid.

Mother is afraid of cockroaches.

Why? “Dirty”.

Existing alternative is baygon as it does more than 1 job (kills other insects).

Feels that it is effective though she has to clean up.

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Cockroaches are disgusting because very unhygienic may carry bacteria

Their movements (be it crawling or flying) make them difficult to catch

Baygon (current alternative) is smelly and leaves an oily residue.

Baygon doesn't instant kill the cockroach. Some mentioned using a lot of sprays to kill one roach, others mentioned that the need to spray / go close in contact makes it difficult.

Mentioned limited contact.

Would place effectiveness over price

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Afraid of cockroaches. Thinks of them as dirty and disgusting. Their appearance is another factor, but since they're constantly around trash, it makes her dislike the cockroaches.

Will run away whenever cockroach crawl towards her.

Story of trying to solve the problem: Cockcorach crawled onto her leg without knowing, got scared because of the size, told her brother to throw it away.  Her brother is usually the go-to solution as he's not afraid.

If her brother isn't there, finds something to swipe it off. Does not experience cockroaches often, only once in a blue moon.

Usually uses baygon to kill cockroaches. Just sprays it until it dies. But it isn't so effective, need to spray a few times befoe it stops moving. Wants something that is more effective in killing cockroaches.

Knows baygon from ads, out of all products out there, thinks baygon is most effective (but can use improvement) Baygon also well received in reviews, and is greatly recommended by people around her.

Ideal product is to be able to trap the insect before it even comes nearer / make the cockroach die within a few seconds.

Should advertise / reach through YT, TV commercials.

When cockroach in the same room as her, will stop whatever she's doing and find the nearest item and whack it to death. Will get irritated as focus is now shifted to getting rid of cockroaches.

Usually the who buys Baygon as she's the most affected out of her entire family. Goes for price over quantity and effectiveness. If effectiveness is better, doesn't mind paying more.

Automated reaction to fear cockroaches, since young.

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Very afraid of cockroaches. They look gross everytime they run around. Also afraid due to their size, appearance, and especially if they fly.

Movement of the cockroaches is a problem for her as she l oses sight of them easily, making it difficult to kill.

Have encounters with cockroaches frequently, as she stays at level 2, it is easy for roaches to enter whenever fogging occurs.

When encountered cockroach, will stop what she's doing to evacuate to somewhere else to continue her stuff. Insects that fly are mostly the ones that scare her.

Uses a book to whack cockroaches. Another product used is Baygon. Been using same brand since young, sees no need to change. TVs usually advertise bayogn as well, finds it quite effective (8/10) in killing the cockroaches.

Usually buys it from supermarket. Thinks it isn't ideal to buy from online platforms as she can't receive the products instantly.

Thinks Baygon is quite bulky. Finds her hands becoming sticky due to liquid dropping from nozzle. Thinks cockroach bait isn't effective as it only lasts for a week, rather than the 3 months advertised. Products also smell.

Does not mind paying extra if the product is really effective. Suggested platforms are Facebook, Instagram and Youtube. Twitter isn't recommended.

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Very afraid of cockroaches. Thinks t hey are very dirty, their appearance also scares her because of their hairy legs.

Flying cockroaches are also very scary, because she's unable to catch and killing them isn't easy.

Hard to kill cockroaches because once you lose sight of them, it is hard to find them again. Will run to get the spray whenever she sees one, but when she return the cockroach is gone.

Main problem is that cockroaches never stay in one place, aking it difficult to catch.

Cockroaches disturbed her normal daily activities. Spiders and mosquitoes also hinder her activities.

Thinks baygon is quite effective. Chances of killing was 9/10.

Her sister is usually the one who purchases the product from either the supermarket or the provision shop. Does not think about using other products as baygon is commonly used.

Product isn't idealistic as it's not only smelly, but the floor gets sticky after spraying it. Also doesn't use cockroach baits because if she puts a bait at the corner, will have to pick it up after the bait catches something. Too scared to use the bait.

Wants something to have a nice fragrance and does not leave too much residue. Price range $10 - $15. Channels are mostly through social media, hope that there are videos to demonstrate the effectiveness of the products.

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Afraid of cockroaches, thinks it's disgusting and dirty as they crawl everywhere. Very unhygienic.

Biggest challenge: At night, during rainy days, cockroaches crawl around the void decks and always climb into her house.

Will run away and ask for help, does not even bother fighting it. Just hide in the room and wait for parents to come back. Thinks flying cockroaches are scary because you don'y know where the cockroach to fly to. Scariest is when huge cockroaches fly in the living room.

Parents are not that afraid. If they are not at home to help, she'll just close the door and wait for them to reach home. Her mom will find whatever she can to kill the cockroach / step on cockroach. Dad uses baygon, but have to spray a few times and roach will still struggle.

If she's going to use an ideal product, she wants one where she can use it from a distance away rather than go closer towards it.

Will buy one if it enables her to kill the roach from a further distance.

Her priority is both price and effectiveness.

Parents are the ones who would buy the products, through supermarket exploration.

Channels we can use: Social media, especially Facebook, since parents use it more often and they are the ones that buy it. Not so much on Instagram, most will depend on parents to buy from the supermarket.

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Afraid of cockroaches, wants to avoid. Not specifically due to their appearance, but because they're dirty and filled with bacteria.

Will ask others to deal with it, does not want to deal with them.

She feels that Baygon is quite effective, but if spray a lot, will need to clean the area afterwards.

Usually gets baygon from the supermarket, but rarely uses it. Only use it when cockroaches approach her.

Price is a key factor to consider due to covid. Thinks that current products (such as cockroach hotel) is only most effective in cockroach prone areas.

Couldn't ask in-depth as she was working.

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Afraid of cockroaches. Mainly due to the appearance factor. It l ooks disgusting from the way it moves and interacts.

Biggest challenge is that he's unable to kill the cockroaches by himself, has to call his mom to do it. (same) It's a problem as he's scared of the cockroach disturbing him.

Most of the products used are newspapers and baygons (for killing insects in general). Not so effective because of rare occurrence? (I'm going to assume because the cockroaches don't appear frequently can't really gauge the effectiveness of the products)

Mom is the most effective. Will use newspaper first before using baygon as a last resort. Takes some time to kill the roach.

Products are usually purchased by his mother in the supermarket (bought from supermarket for many years)

Wants a product that is efficient in killing the insects (in general, not just cockroaches) instantaneously. Current products state that "it kills instantly" but cockroach still moves even after spraying it for some time.

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Afraid of cockroaches, mostly the appearance factor that scares her. They're big, creepy, and disgusting. She feels that cockroaches are dirty and unsanitary, so it makes her uncomfortable.

Reason why she hates: Watched a documentary and saw cockroaches entering a person's body.

Her biggest challenge is killing just one roach. It's a problem as insecticide spray works on a 70/30 ratio. Does not instantly kill the cockroaches. Hopes that it becomes more effective (maybe like a 80/20 ratio instead) as current insecticide is difficult to kill bigger and flying cockroaches.

Okay with killing cockroaches herself as long as there's limited contact. Once she ran out of spray and had to beg her parents to kill it for her with a broom to minimize contact as much as possible.

What to consider for an ideal product: Effectiveness over pricing. Don't mind using any product as long as it does the job.

Prefers to be reached out to via online advertisements. Also thinks that TV commercials will attract more customer interactions.

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Afraid of cockroaches. Cockroaches are a problem for him because of their appearance. They look disgusting.

The biggest challenge is trying to kill them. Expressed disgust when mentioned about picking them up and throwing away. Since attracted to trash bins, may carry diseases and bacteria with them.

Story: Opened window to let air in, encounters a flying cockroach. Siblings freak out, everyone running around the house looking for insecticide.

Challenge: Almost used the entire bottle of insecticide to kill as their aiming sucks. Afraid to use a tissue to cover his hand while clearing away the dead cockroaches.

They don't encounter cockroaches as much as they moved to a new house.

Not ideal about the spray: Does not 100% kill the cockroach. They will still wiggle after spraying. Oily floors (from the spray) needs to be cleaned, and the smell is strong.

Parents aren't afraid, will normally ask parents to kill the roach for him. If they aren't around, use the spray to kill. If cannot find the spray, just wait in his room until his parents come back and kill the cockroach.

Factors to consider for an ideal product: The price, effectiveness (killing in 1 spray), and does not stain walls/floors (does not leave oily residue). But killing the cockroach is the main priority (second is smell)

Even if have ideal product, will not deliberately go out of his way to purchase the product. Only deals with it when the moment arrives.

Currently using Shieldtox, bought by his mother from the supermarket.

The interviewee focused a lot on hygiene and cleanliness.

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Afraid of cockroaches. Not a weekly thing, on random occassions.

Biggest challenge is running away from a cockroach as they tend to scare her, especially those that can fly. [Need to re-interview because lacking "why"]

Story: Faced a cockroach and asked her maid to catch it, she will sometimes use the spray. Audris will run out of the house if she is faced with cockroaches alone at home without her maid.

Doesn't matter which product she use, the cockroach has to be dead.

The spray isn't always effective as she has to use almost one bottle to kill the cockroach. Also does not instantly kill the cockroach.

Got to know the products through supermarkets.

The psychological factors that will make her afraid of cockroaches as she told us that she feels that cockroaches should be banned. [someone pls explain this]

Factors to consider when coming out with a solution: Effectiveness in killing the roaches [priority], and the price. The size of the product also affects the pricing of the product.

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Afraid of cockroaches. Does not like them as they crawl around too much.

No biggest challenge to her as she feels that cockroaches aren't an obstacle with the products available in the market.

Uses baygon from the supermarket to kill the cockroach. Household brand in Singapore. But smell is too strong.

If an alternative solution exists, effectiveness should be the main factor to consider when buying. But price matters too.

All interviewees' answers' at NTUC are not in depth as they were all rushing somewhere else.

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Scared of flying cockroaches, because they might drop on her. Will avoid cockroaches on the way home.

Experienced a toilet cockroach before. Used water to spray until they run away, not really a common thing.

Currently using combat to kill cockroaches. Placed near rubbish bin. Effective but there's an expiry date and they might forget to change. Have not seen the trap catch a cockroach at home, only in car.

Baygon is hard to aim, need gauge out the certain angle and distance to figure out where to spray. Not effective. Only effective when the spray hits. Hard to hit, too close for comfort, preferred to have lesser interaction.

Main problem: Questions asked did not drill much into the "why" part.

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Cockroaches are a frequent occurrence at home because living in cockroach prone area

Scared because they're scary, intimidating, can crawl, and moves around uncontrollably. [did not ask why those things specifically make her scared]

Biggest challenge: Insecticide is very oily, leaves a smell. Will need to wash utensils because accidentally sprayed onto them. Also need to clean the floor, troublesome.

No effective devices to kill the cockroaches. Currently using some bomb(?) to kill. Low effectiveness, even after 3 - 4 days, does not work.

Packaging say can last for 3 - 6 months, but only 3 days.

Preferred channels: NTUC

Main problem: Questions asked did not drill much into the "why" part.