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Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney (1793)

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Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney (1793)

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The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. The cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry. Its purpose was to remove the seeds from cotton in a much faster time than a human would be able to do it. This revolution led to a demand for slavery in the south because of the rapid increase in production of cotton. (1793)

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Was a compromise that stated every state south of the Missouri border was a slave state and every state north of the Missouri border is a free state. This compromise was shortly lived as the United States kept expanding west. (1820)

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A slave named Nat Turner led an uprising of slaves in Southern Virginia in August of 1831. Turner and about 70 others ended up killing around 60 white people during their insurrection. Turner and 54 other slaves were executed after being tried for their role in the uprising. There were plenty of slave uprisings in the South during this time, but Nat Turner's rebellion was the bloodiest and caused Virginia Lawmakers to take away what little rights slaves had.

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Annexation of the Republic of Texas as the 28th state in the union. This annexation contributed to the Mexican-American War less than a year later. (1845)

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Fought from April 1846 to February 1848, this conflict stemmed from the Annexation of Texas, creating a dispute of what was Mexican territory and what was US territory. Mexico ended up losing the war because after their independence they were essentially broke. The US gained more than 900,000 square miles of land after winning the war, from Texas all the way to California.

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The Wilmot Proviso was a piece of legislation proposed by David Wilmot in August 1846. The bill clearly stated "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist" in new lands acquired during the Mexican-American War. Abolitionists supported it, pro-slavery southerners did not. This introduced the true issue of slavery moving forward for the US and its expansion.

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This was a set of 5 bills passed in September 1850. The bills aimed to limit confrontation between free and slave states when it came to newly acquired territories. It also made Texas's borders official, and addressed fugitive slaves and the slave trade.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act was put into place on May 30th 1854 and essentially replaced the Missouri Compromise. This act created two new territories slightly west of the Midwest, the Nebraska and Kansas territories. The act allowed "popular sovereignty" which was letting states vote to choose whether they would allow slavery or not. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery activists flooded Kansas and many died, known as "Bleeding Kansas". It made the bitter division over slavery much much worse.

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Bleeding Kansas was a direct result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, where Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery activists traveled to Kansas because of their new popular sovereignty law and their right to vote in the state's future. As the supporters came together violence started, over 50 people died overall.

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Attack on Charles Sumner on the Senate Floor (1856)

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Attack on Charles Sumner on the Senate Floor (1856)

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At this point the country's division was at an all-time high, and this played out on the Senate Floor as a result of Bleeding Kansas. On May 21st, 1856, Congressman Preston Brooks, who favored slavery, became so angry that he attacked Charles Sumner (who had just given a speech condemning slavery and pro-slavery troops who started violence in Kansas) with his cane, who became unconscious. In the aftermath, both were considered to be heroes by their respective regions and supporters.

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Dred Scott was an enslaved African American who had lived with his owner in the free state of Illinois and Wisconsin Territory where slavery was also prohibited. Scott argued the residence in each state made him free. Seven of the nine judges declared Scott was still a slave. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote an influential opinion that basically declared Republicans proposals to restrict expansion of slavery unconstitutional. Republicans were outraged and accused Taney of slave power conspiracy. This decision divided the North and South even more. (1857)

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John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry (1859)

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John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry (1859)

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An abolitionist activist named John Brown had been involved in violence in Kansas on the side of anti-slavery. In October of 1859, he led nearly 20 black and white supporters aiming to raid a local arsenal in Harper's Ferry in present day West Virginia. He hoped to start a giant uprising after capturing these weapons, with enslaved people leading the way. After causing destruction to the nearby area, his group was captured by Robert E. Lee's battalion and most were captured or killed. John Brown himself was hung for committing treason. The added fuel to the fire of the abolitionist movement prior to the Civil War.

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The Election of 1860 took place during a very rocky time in US History, and the results were known to push the country into Civil War. Abraham Lincoln, a new Republican from Illinois won and became the 16th President of the United States. The election highlighted the clear divisions within the nation as well. The results of the election prompted Southern states to begin secession, because they viewed that with a Northern Republican in office that they could not be supported or represented and it was time for a change.