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1619-1819 | American Slavery - "A Peculiar Institution"

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1619-1819 | American Slavery - "A Peculiar Institution"

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During the 17th and 18th centuries, Slavery came with English and Spanish colonists to North America. During the 250 years, it was estimated that 645,000 slaves were being imported at that time.  While the American colonies were still under British control, Georgia decided to ban slavery.   After the American Revolution, northern states followed by abolishing slavery in their states. This created a divide between the North and the South because the South relied heavily on slaves to make their Plantation wealthy. Slavery ceases to exist without controversy in the United States.

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- After the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France, People started to move into the territories. After some time Missouri applies to become a slave state. This sparked many debates about slavery and the expansion of slavery. They finally came to an agreement which is known as the Missouri Compromise. Missouri would enter as a slave state and Maine would enter as a free state to maintain the balance of slave and free states in the Senate. This also resulted in a line drawn against the 36°30’ parallel, which divided the North and the South. Above the line slavery was not permitted but under the line, it was permitted.

- The Missouri Compromise Act of 1820 contributed to the rising sectional tensions that led to Civil War because it was the first time slavery imposed such a big issue. While the Missouri Act was created to maintain the balance in the Senate between free and slave states, it also divided the country between free and slave states. This is an issue because to counter ideas when the same Union.

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- The Compromise of 1850 was created to resolve the disputes of slavery in the new territories. It consisted of 5 Acts: the Fugitive Slave Act, An Act to suppress the Slave Trade in the District of Columbia, An Act to establish a Territorial Government for Utah, the Admission of the State of California into the Union, and the State of Texas the Establishment of her Northern and Western Boundaries. It also instated popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession

- The Compromise of 1850 contributed to the sectional tension that led to the Civil War because of the Fugitive Slave Act.  The Fugitive Slave Act was a law that made the north return slaves that escape back to their owners. The North decided not to enforce this act at all which drove the south crazy. This intensified sectional tension because the north did not like the law and the south did not like that north wasn’t enforcing it.

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- Uncle Tom's Cabin was a novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. This book depicted all the horrors of being a Slave. The novel affected the Northerners because it moved them in a way that they could understand the struggles and horrors of being a Slave. The southerners attacked the book and said it was an exaggeration of what it was actually like.

- Uncle Tom's Cabin contributed to the sectional tension that led to the Civil War because it allowed the north to see the horrors of being a Slave.  This is a problem because the South believed that it was an exaggeration. This grew the divide because it brought slavery to people who didn't think it was wrong for all those years.

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- The Kansas Nebraska Act Was created by Douglas because he wanted to see Nebraska become a territory. All he wanted to do was build a transcontinental railroad to go through Chicago. This act would allow the territories to decide whether they wanted to be a slave or free state through popular sovereignty. It also divided and destroyed the Whig party; divided northern Democrats; led to the creation of the Republican Party.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act contributed to sectional tensions that led to the Civil War because of Popular sovereignty. While the North and the South rushed to claim these territories, lots of violence broke out in them between the north and south, which was known as Bleeding Kansas. An example of this was when John Brown and his sons killed slave owners in the massacre in May 1856 at Pottawatomie Creek.

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- John Brown's Raid was a violent abolitionist who murdered slaveholders in Kansas and Missouri (1856-1858), hoping to incite a slave rebellion; They failed and were executed.
- John Brown's Raid contributed to deepening sectional Tensions because it allowed the north to see that violence was the only way. Although John Brown and his sons were captured and executed, he made people realize that violence was the only way to end slavery. This foretold that the southern and northern states would go to war eventually.

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- Abraham Lincoln's election had Lincoln (Republican), Breckinridge (Southern Democrat), Douglas (North democrat), Bell (constitutional union) running for president. This was a very important election because the victory would enter the role of president during a civil war.
- Abraham Lincoln's Election contribute to deepening Sectional Tensions because several states left the Union. The Southern took Abraham's victory as the last sign that the union was done and seceded from the Union.  The States that seceded from the union were Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.

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- With the many Southern States secession from the Union, The Civil War was on its way so Abraham Lincoln sent fresh supplies to the beleaguered garrisons. The first shot was fired on Friday, April 12th, 1861. Edmund Ruffin claimed to be the one who fired the first shot of the Civil War. Anderson and his soldiers surrendered the fort on April 13 after 34 hours of firing shots. This battle symbolizes the start of the civil war to both the North and the South.