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Image of foreign house servant, Tituba, 'possessing' teenage girl, Betty Parris

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Puritans were Protestants who aimed to make the Roman Catholic church more pure during the Reformation in Europe but migrated to Massachusetts when Calvinism was rejected. Their society was a theology based around a heavily intertwined church and state surrounding religion, work ethic, and discipline. It was strongly believed that each person was predetermined to go to heaven or hell and that any wrong had in the world was the direct cause of Satan's presence who recruited young women into his service through witch craft. This idea terrified the colonies and easily sparked mass hysteria in Puritans.

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Puritan women and girls lived extremely restricted and veiled lives. The main accusers of the Salem witch trials were just that, one of them being Betty Parris. The girls were have believed to have either been lying and faking their symptoms in an attempt to escape the boring and disciplined life they were restricted to as Puritan women, or to have imagined a story so vivid that they actually believed the fabrication to be real as cause for their illness. The attention these girls were given for the first times in their lives was overwhelming and prompted them to continue. Because witch craft had been confessed to in the past, was such a strong belief in the Puritan religion, and because adults themselves lived bland lives the accusations were easily accepted among the communities.

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The Red Scare was an American crisis during the Cold War fueled by mass hysteria and propaganda of communistic threat in the democracy. Fear that communistic influence was coming from inside the nation and possibly from those with power spread like wildfire. The paranoia quickly got out of hand in the 50's when Americans turned on one another to submit tips with out just reasoning or evidence. Its uprising sparked lots of attention working alongside the infamous McCarthy witch hunts which resulted in the loss of the livelihoods and careers of those (falsely) accused.

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In the height of the Red Scare Joseph McCarthy, a popular senator politician, started a list of victims based mostly in Hollywood who he thought were guilty of posing a communistic threat. He gathered lists based on very little evidence that with a snap of a finger drew Americans to the HUAAC to testify and prove their innocence. They were most often proved guilty though and their lives and reputations were destroyed. At an alarming rate, the accused Americans were fired from their jobs, fined, and put in jail.

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Newspaper from 1947 headlining the Hollywood 10 who refused to testify in front of the HUAAC

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Arthur Miller was one of ten who publicly refused to testify before the HUAAC after famous senator Joe McCarthy accused him Communistic favor. Arthur Miller was a famous playwright and public figure who recognized the injustice and lack of evidence in the accusations as witch hunts and wanted to expose the witch hunt for what it was. He wrote the Crucible, meaning melting pot, in an attempt to teach Americans to learn from the past in showing how strongly the McCarthy trials compare to the devastating Salem Witch Trials that took place just 200 years prior.