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The definition of "media" has evolved greatly throughout time. Mass media may be described as a system for disseminating information to a significant portion of the population. Traditional mass media systems such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the like are still in use today.

With the arrival of the Internet, distribution platforms such as subscriptions e-mail lists, blogs, and social media have emerged. All of these news sources have the power to influence the society's impression of, stance toward, and judgment about what is and is not essential.

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In 2008, however, Malacañang issued Proclamation No. 1629 moving the commemoration of Balangiga Encounter Day that year to September 30. The provincial government had requested this, since September 28, 2008, fell on a Sunday. Eastern Samar officials believed the province and its people would be given the "full opportunity" to observe the occasion if it were held on September 30, 2008, a Tuesday.

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In 2008, however, Malacañang issued Proclamation No. 1629 moving the commemoration of Balangiga Encounter Day that year to September 30. The provincial government had requested this, since September 28, 2008, fell on a Sunday. Eastern Samar officials believed the province and its people would be given the "full opportunity" to observe the occasion if it were held on September 30, 2008, a Tuesday.

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When troops of the U.S. 11th Infantry arrived at their new post, Fort D.A. Russell, near Cheyenne, Wyo., in 1904, they brought with them two church bells—war trophies of recent bitter fighting in the Philippines. The Bells of Balangiga still stand at F.

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ADVANTAGES:  E-bikes are for sure cost-efficient as they are way cheaper than other vehicles. These e-bikes are also easy to learn and gives people the efficiency of having faster commute times. E-bikes are also silent when being operated, unlike motorcycles that make loud rumbling sounds. Above all of these, the most important advantage that e-bikes has is that it is eco-friendly. E-motorbikes and e-scooters, unlike gas motorcycles, do not emit clouds of smoke since they do not burn gas, making them suitable for city use. As a result, there will be less pollution and a smaller carbon impact. E-bikes have a lower carbon footprint (2.6 to 5 grams of carbon dioxide per mile) than electric automobiles, according to a research by the European Cyclists Federation (150 grams).

DISADVANTAGES: Even though e-bikes gives us all of these luxuries, for every gain there is always a loss. First, it is less safer than a car, since driving with 2 wheels will be always riskier than driving with 4. Second, calling it an e-bike doesn't change the fact that you still need a driver's license, otherwise, it is illegal. Third, given that it is not powered by gas, it takes long charging times which would be an inconvenience when in a hurry. Lastly, driving with e-bikes only last within a certain limit. Electric motorcycles and scooters aren't suited for extended travels, with ranges ranging from 50 to 70 kilometers. Between charges, you can't get very far. As a result, e-bikes are only suitable for short rides such as commutes to and from work.

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To resolve one of the problems about Carbon Dioxide emissions, the latest technology, "e-bike" will be surely of help.  E-bikes and e-scooters are excellent ways of alternative mobility in the municipality. These light electric vehicles are more cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and convenient than traditional gas-powered motorbikes.

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EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES

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EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES

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According to a report issued in 2019 by the Institute for Economics and Peace, the Philippines is the country most vulnerable to climate change . Between 1958 and 2014, the Philippines experienced a 0.62°C increase in yearly average mean temperature, with the rate of change increasing over time. Climate change has resulted in an increase in the amount and intensity of rainfall, with more rainy days observed in recent decades.

In this article, we'll give an overview of the Philippines climate and outline the ways in which climate change will affect the Philippines. We'll also cover government policy on climate change and suggest what the future may hold for the Philippines.

The Philippines climate

The year-round average temperature in the Philippines is 24°-27°C, with the hottest month being May and the coldest month being January. Humidity levels average around 82%, due to warm trade winds, lush vegetation and abundant rainfall.

The dry season in the Philippines occurs from December to May, followed by a rainy season from June to November. A second rainy season occurs from December to February on the eastern and northern coasts. Recently, the Philippines has seen wetter conditions during the dry season.

Typhoon season in the Philippines is July-October, when 70% of typhoons develop. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) issues typhoon warnings to the general populace.

The five-year running average indicates that more typhoons occur during El Niño events. El Niño events, which occur every 2-7 years on average, cause less rain and typhoon activity. La Niña events, which are less common, result in heavier rainfall and more typhoon activity. The strongest typhoon in history was super typhoon Haiyan, also known as Yolanda in the Philippines, which had winds of up to 195 mph, killed 6,300 people and displaced millions.

The impacts of climate change in the Philippines

Climate change events including sea level rise, increased frequency of extreme weather events, rising temperatures, and heavy rainfall all pose a threat to the Philippines. This is due to the country's vulnerability to natural dangers such as typhoons and droughts, reliance on climate-sensitive natural resources, and extensive coastline, which are home to the country's main cities and most of the population.

Coastal flooding poses the greatest threat to the urban poor, many of whom live in makeshift shelters. Read on to find out more about how climate change will affect the Philippines.

Sea level rise

Sea levels in the Philippines are rising at roughly twice the global average rate. When particularly powerful storms, such as Typhoon Haiyan, hit land, the higher sea level contributes to storm surges of up to 15-20 feet.

Storm surges are expected to affect 14% of the total population and 42% of coastal residents. Informal settlements, which make up 45% of the Philippines' urban population, are particularly at risk from flooding due to precarious infrastructure, limited access to clean water, and a lack of health insurance.

Agriculture and fishing

Increased rainfall also has a negative impact on agriculture. Rainfall in Tacloban City increased by 257% between 1998 and 2011. More rain will result in more flooding, which could lead to landslides in upland areas.

The failure of fruit trees and the postponement of fruit festivals in Mindanao may be explained by these emerging irregular climate patterns. There has also been a rise in pests and diseases in rice, scale insects in fruit trees, and invasive weeds brought from the uplands to the lowlands by various flood occurrences.

Between 2006 and 2013, the Philippines was hit by 75 disasters - most of which were typhoons, tropical storms and floods, causing $3.8 billion in damage and losses to the agriculture sector. Climate impacts on agriculture are expected to cause an annual GDP loss of up to 2.2 percent by 2100.

Threat to water supplies

Climate change is already causing water scarcity by lowering the quality and quantity of available water. Extreme rainfall causes floods and landslides, which increase runoff, impair water quality, and destroy water supply infrastructure.

In around a quarter of the Philippines' coastal districts, water quality is affected by saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers; this is likely to worsen as sea levels rise.

Impact on energy supplies

Climate change could impact the Philippines' energy supply, as well as increasing energy consumption due to increased demand for air conditioning. Hydropower production, which accounts for 20% of the country's energy supply, is threatened by climate change-related water scarcity.

For example, drought reduced hydropower production by 20% in 2010 compared to the previous year. Other key energy infrastructure, such as the Malampaya offshore natural gas field, is at risk from stronger and more frequent storms.

Effects on the natural environment

Wildfires are becoming more common due to drought conditions, believed to be exacerbated by climate change and El Ni ñ o. Between 2000 and 2006, these fires devastated large tracts of forest, totalling around 15,700 hectares. Furthermore, increased temperatures and humidity in these places have been linked to the spread of invasive plants and insects in natural ecosystems.

Impact on health

Heavier rains and rising temperatures both help mosquitos grow and survive; thus, health risks from mosquito-borne diseases including diarrhoea, dengue fever, and malaria are predicted to worsen. Although malaria rates have declined considerably in recent years, dengue epidemics still occur every 3-4 years, and diarrhoea remained the fifth most common cause of death in 2010.

The Philippines climate change policy

Climate change policy must address the country's present reliance on fossil fuels to generate power and run machinery for transportation and manufacturing, and champion sustainability and sustainable development in the Philippines. The Philippines continues to rely largely on thermal power generation: particularly gas-fired, oil-fired and coal-fired plants.

What does the future hold?

Neither current nor planned policies are currently sufficient to meet the Philippines' emissions targets. Increased energy use from transportation and buildings will be the primary source of emissions increases.

According to current forecasts, greenhouse gas emissions will rise, which is incompatible with the Paris Agreement's targets. The result - as outlined above - would be a decrease in readily available food and water, an increase in natural disasters and the degradation of the natural environment.

Final thoughts

The Philippines' future is currently uncertain. The country faces grave challenges in the form of threats to its environment, industries, and the lives and livelihoods of its people. Both the Filipino government and governments abroad will need to coordinate their efforts to combat the climate crisis through the reduction of emissions and the promotion of renewable energy sources.

The best we can do is to educate ourselves on how best to face these challenges. While it does seem at times that we can do little as individuals, if we arm ourselves with knowledge of the science behind climate change and its effects on people and the environment, we can start to take steps toward positive change , and influence others to do the same .

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Everything you need to know about climate change in the Philippines - FutureLearn

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Learn about climate change in the Philippines, the effects of climate change and discover some possible solutions.

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TREE COVER LOSS IN BALANGIGA, EASTERN SAMAR, PHILIPPINES

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TREE COVER LOSS IN BALANGIGA, EASTERN SAMAR, PHILIPPINES

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Balangiga lost 2.55kha of tree cover and 1.59Mt of CO2e emissions between 2001 and 2020, a 13 percent decline in tree cover since 2000.

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PRIMARY FOREST LOSS IN BALANGIGA, EASTERN SAMAR, PHILIPPINES

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PRIMARY FOREST LOSS IN BALANGIGA, EASTERN SAMAR, PHILIPPINES

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Balangiga lost 579ha of humid native vegetation between 2002 and 2020, accounting for 23% of the total tree cover loss in the same time period. During this time, the total area of Balangiga's humid primary forest shrank by 6.1 percent.

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PH DELEGATION AT CLIMATE TALKS: END DEBATE, TAKE ACTION

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PH DELEGATION AT CLIMATE TALKS: END DEBATE, TAKE ACTION

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PH delegation at climate talks: End debate, take action

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Less talk, more action. This is what the Philippines wants the world, especially rich countries, to do now in order to mitigate the ill effects of climate change. “We have very high expectations

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PHILIPPINES PUSHES FOR EMISSIONS AVOIDANCE IN CLIMATE DEAL

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PHILIPPINES PUSHES FOR EMISSIONS AVOIDANCE IN CLIMATE DEAL

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GLASGOW, United Kingdom - As the United Nations climate summit neared its close, the Philippines demanded the concept of emissions avoidance be present in the decision that will be issued at the end of the COP26 negotiations here.

"Avoidance is a legitimate action in the risk management continuum, which will be cost effective for all of us in the long run in this agreement," Albert Magalang, a member of the Philippine delegation to COP26, said during a informal stocktaking plenary on Friday.

This means actions that would prevent greenhouse gases from being released into the atmosphere should be prioritized, instead of merely reducing emissions.

"It was there in the start of COP26 but surprisingly disappeared in the course of decision text iteration," he said.

Rodne Galicha, convenor of Aksyon Klima Pilipinas, said implementing programs to avoid emitting pollution is necessary to make climate finance more available to adaptation, and avert loss and damage.

"It would also weaken the position of fossil fuel corporations, who are angling for greenwash solutions including carbon capture and storage," he said.

Magalang, who heads the environment department's Climate Change Information and Technical Support Division, also called on wealthy nations to provide developing nations technologies to help them avoid emitting planet-warming gases.

"The problem is we don't have the means, especially finance, to buy these technologies and transform on our own. These technologies don't reside in the developing world," he said.

During COP26, the Philippine delegation, through finance chief Carlos Dominguez, said the country is "moving ahead with urgency" in cutting its greenhouse gas emissions through localized climate change interventions and transition from coal to clean energy. But groups and observers said the measures are not enough.

Dominguez also called for climate justice and climate finance that would help vulnerable nations bolster their defenses against climate change.

The climate conference was aimed at keeping the goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the threshold scientists say would avert the worst impacts of global warming.

COP26 went past its Friday deadline as diplomats worked to write a final decision.

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Philippines pushes for emissions avoidance in climate deal

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GLASGOW, United Kingdom - As the United Nations climate summit neared its close, the Philippines demanded the concept of emissions avoidance be present in the decision that will be issued at the end of the COP26 negotiations here.

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IMPROVING ACCESS & QUALITY TO EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

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IMPROVING ACCESS & QUALITY TO EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

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Improving Access and Quality to Education in the Philippines - Childhood Education International

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Policy shifts that have been happening within the Philippine education system.

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Improving Access and Quality to Education in the Philippines

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THE PROBLEM OF RURAL EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

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THE PROBLEM OF RURAL EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

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The Problem of Rural Education in the Philippines

In this journal, I have discussed the relationship between education, poverty alleviation, and economic development. The link is critical and the three are self-reinforcing. Education creates greater opportunities for the youth, who go on to work decent jobs in cities like Bacolod, Manila, and Cebu. The children remit money back to the parents, who spend on home improvements and the tuition fees for the younger siblings. College-educated individuals are much less likely to end up impoverished (about 1 in 44). Trade schools also create opportunities, with only one in 10 people with post-secondary degrees living below the poverty line. Unfortunately, the ratios drop precipitously after that. One in three high school graduates and half of elementary school grads are impoverished. Here are the sobering education statistics:

The long-term outlook for poverty reduction doesn't look good either, unfortunately. We all know that there is a very strong link between education (or lack of education) and poverty-two-thirds of our poor families have household heads whose highest educational attainment is at most Grade 6. Well, the education statistics (all from the NSCB ) tell a very sad tale: elementary school net participation rates (NPR)-the proportion of the number of enrollees 7-12 years old to population 7-12 years old-have plummeted from 95 percent in school year (SY) 1997-98 to 74 percent in 2005-2006, as have high school NPRs.

Cohort survival rates (CSR) have also dropped: Out of every 100 children who enter Grade 1, only 63 will reach Grade 6, down from 69 children in 1997-1998. In high school, CSR have dropped even more: from 71 to 55. Which means, of course, that school dropout rates have increased. Which is one of the reasons why, in 2005-2006, for the first time in 35 years, total enrollment decreased in both elementary and high school: although private school enrollment increased, public school enrollment went down more.

The correlation is not difficult to see, but fixing the problem presents a challenge for several reasons. According to some observers, the Department of Education Culture and Sports (DECS) in the Philippines is one of the most corrupt government entities in the country. It has a budget equal to 12% of spending, but is riddled with graft from procurement (buying textbooks and other supplies), grease money, and bribes for just about any sort of movement within the bureaucracy. The impact on the education system is detrimental:

Embezzlement, nepotism, influence peddling, fraud and other types of corruption also flourish. Corruption has become so institutionalized that payoffs have become the lubricant that makes the education bureaucracy run smoothly. The result: an entire generation of Filipino students robbed of their right to a good education.

This corruption leads to poor allocation of resources. Teachers are underpaid and treated poorly. In 2005, the Philippine government spent just $138 per student, compared to $852 in Thailand, another developing country in Southeast Asia. But graft and corruption are not the only issues. Poverty is a vicious cycle that leads traps generations of families.

About 80% of the Filipino poor live in the rural areas of the country. These are towns located deep in the mountains and the rice fields. The population density in the rural parts of the country is low, and there is a corresponding deficiency in schools and classrooms. Public school is free, but families still cannot afford to send their children for a complicated network of reasons. In this editorial for the Pinoy Press, one author delineates the key issue:

With around 65 million Filipinos or about 80 percent of the population trying to survive on P96 ($2) or less per day, how can a family afford the school uniforms, the transportation to and from school, the expenses for school supplies and projects, the miscellaneous expenses, and the food for the studying sibling? More than this, with the worsening unemployment problem and poverty situation, each member of the family is being expected to contribute to the family income. Most, if not all, out-of-school children are on the streets begging, selling cigarettes, candies, garlands, and assorted foodstuffs or things, or doing odd jobs.

Beyond the selling goods on the street, children in farming families are expected to work in the fields during harvest time. In agriculture-based communities where farming is the primary livelihood, having children around to help with the work means more income for the family. In a recent trip to Valladolid, someone told me that children are paid 15 pesos for a day's work in the blistering heat. They are pulled from school for two or three months at a time and are irreparably disadvantaged compared with their classmates. So, they may have to repeat the grade, only to be pulled out of school again next year.

Transportation is another big problem. Kids walk 2-3 kilometers or more to and from school every day. They have to cross rivers and climb hills with their bookbags. The ones that can afford it take a tricycle, but that is a luxury. Schools are sometimes too far for the most remote communities to practically access. So the families can't afford to pay and the children are pulled from school.

It seems like an intractable problem. Corruption in the education bureaucracy and a lack of resources make delivering a high-quality education to all Filipinos a challenge. Microfinance is one way to help. With the assistance of microcredit loans, women can pay for the education of their children - to purchase uniforms, textbooks, lunches, and rides to school. Also, by creating another source of income other than farming, the children do not have to come help the family work the fields. When I talk to NWTF clients about their dreams, they unfailingly say they hope for their children to "finish their studies." History has shown that it is an achievable goal. But real systemic change needs to come from above. As long as corruption and bureaucracy paralyzes the system, the goal of delivering a decent education to children - which pays dividends to the country in the long run - will remain out of reach.

For the rural poor, non-profits exist to help in the mission of education. While looking up pictures for this post, I came across a Filipino organization called the Gamot Cogon ("Grass Roots") Institute:

The Gamot Cogon Institute (a non-stock, non-profit organization) is an Iloilo-based cultural institution working to transform society through human development approaches including education and training. GCI also prototypes or demonstrates alternative approaches to education, agriculture, health, and full human development.

Very cool stuff.

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The Problem of Rural Education in the Philippines

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The Problem of Rural Education in the Philippines In this journal, I have discussed the relationship between education, poverty alleviation, and economic development. The link is critical and the three are self-reinforcing. Education creates greater opportunities for the youth, who go on to work decent jobs in cities like Bacolod, Manila, and Cebu.

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LACK OF EDUCATION IN RURAL AREAS OF THE PHILIPPINES

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LACK OF EDUCATION IN RURAL AREAS OF THE PHILIPPINES

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In rural regions, there was a high level of exposure to television (96.5%), periodicals (89.8%), and calculations (81.9%). Writing a report/correspondence (62.1%), attending meetings (61.0%), and reading the newspaper (61.0%) all had the least amount of exposure (57.9 percent ).

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In 2019, Filipinos aged 10 to 30 who were in school in metropolitan areas generally watched television (97.8%), used the internet for social media (92.9%), and read a magazine (92.9%). (88.0 percent ). Writing a report/correspondence (63.2%), attending meetings (62.8%), and reading a newspaper were the activities they were least exposed to (61.1 percent ).

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Balangiga had 13.2kha of natural forest, which covered 96 percent of its land area in 2010. It lost 18.4 hectares of natural forest in 2020, resulting in CO2 emissions of 12.1 kt.

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With the Philippines being the country most vulnerable to climate change, rural areas like balangiga are one of the areas that are affected by these drastic changes. In Balangiga, residents often segregate wastes by burning them on open areas and also using vehicles that are not envronment-friendly, which are very harmful for the environment because of these carbon dioxide emissions could be trapped into the atmosphere and contribute to today's problem of Global Warming.

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MASS MEDIA

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MASS MEDIA

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ADVANTAGE: A widespread of information can be accessed through mass media and every single one of these information can be found and utilized with just one click. Cliché as it may sound, Mass media provides students the convenience in searching for online resources or the latest news, a click in the remote, keyboard or a glance in a newspaper, information can be derived.

DISADVANTAGE: Over reliance to certain forms of mass media, including the internet and the social media, due to any reason. IN times like this, we are somehow experiencing a lot of disadvantages of being over reliant to these forms of mass media. One, slow internet connections can compromise student’s capability to learn at the maximum quality of education available. Second, health concerns due to over surfing and utility of gadgets (e.g. eye strain and fatigue). Lastly, despite being the main mode of learning, the internet and social media are also of the biggest distractions that can hinder the learning of a student. Especially for students with a short attention span, this has always been a problem.

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A technological advancement that really contributed to education is the mass media as a whole. According to a study, Filipinos aged 10 to 30 who were enrolled in school in 2019 typically watched TV (97.2%), read a magazine (88.8%), and used social media on the internet (88.8%). (86.8 percent ). The least amount of media exposure they get is by writing reports/correspondence (62.7%), attending meetings (61.9%), and reading a newspaper (59.7%).

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Around 80% of the poorest Filipinos live in the country's rural areas. These are little communities nestled among the highlands and agricultural areas. The population growth in rural areas of the country is low, resulting in a shortage of schools and classrooms. Despite public schools, funded by the government, being available, there are still various reasons why families can’t afford to send their children into these schools.

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The Sustainable Development Goals, often known as the Global Goals, are a set of 17 interconnected global goals aimed at providing a plan for a truly sustainable future for any and all. The United Nations General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, with the goal of achieving them by 2030.

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Since Balangiga is a small municipality, not much studies and statistics can be found. With this being said, latest papers or articles pertaining to rural areas, as a whole that are also true to Balangiga, will be utilized. Instead of citing papers specifically about Balangiga only, studies related to Region VIII and Eastern Samar would be seen in this padlet as well.

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Population breakdown of the Municipality of Balangiga by Barangay.

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Based on the  4 Pillars: Economic Dynamism, Government Efficiency, Infrastructure, and Resiliency

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Balangiga Plaza

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Balangiga is a fourth-class municipality in the Philippines' Eastern Samar province. It has been 120 years since the Balangiga Massacre took place. The Balangiga Encounter, which occurred in 1901, is one of the longest-running and most contentious disputes of the Philippine–American War. During the attack, U.S. soldiers caused severe damage to the town, and punitive actions during the March through Samar. As a “trophy”, the Americans took the infamous Balangiga Bells out of the hands of the people of Balangiga. Only Recently, 2018, after a long time of longing, the bells came back to its home.