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https://www.rogerebert.com/far-flung-correspondents/dreams-and-films-and-dreams

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Far Flungers

No one is certain about dreams. If they tell you they are, they're either fooling you or themselves. There isn't a universally accepted definition of dreams. The whole idea behind them isn't wholly understood. Even scientists aren't sure about the purpose of dreams. And most of us don't understand, or heck, even remember, our own dreams.

My moseying around different blogs and websites has brought me a bit of random knowledge about the subject. I read there are two kinds of dreams: Authentic and Illusory. Authentic dreams are those that reflect actual memories and experiences of the dreamer. I guess that would mean they stick to the laws of physics and stuff too. Illusory dreams, on the other hand, contain impossible, incongruent, or bizarre content. Dali-esque stuff, maybe?I guess my brain must be messily wired or something, as I have, or at least remember having, mainly illusory dreams.

In my dreams, people transform into one another and not much makes sense. I had a dream in which the world tilted and all the water on it flowed to one side. I had a dream one day in which I was admitted in a hospital and they served me stray dogs for meals. Interestingly, I was admitted in a hospital only a few days before I had that dream. Dreams, as you know, are stemmed from our experiences and memories.Aside from memories, I read that the drugs you take could affect your dreams too. And your health condition. And several other things. It seems you could reach an age when you can't dream anymore. I forgot where I heard this, but some people on this planet dream solely in glorious black and white.

(A side note. When my bladder is full, I have dreams that involve flowing water, rain, etc. Just a side note.)And let me ask you this: what causes dreams? Just some brain activity while asleep? A friend and I were talking about this. He pondered aloud, "Do you really think your dreams are just some biological reactions or processes taking place in your brain, in your head? Don't you think it might be something more?" Could be. And it might be more than just some memories too. Memories when awake aren't ever as vivid as your dreams, now are they? What could that mean? That dreams are more than just memories?

And what of dreams predicting the future? What about your fortune being interpreted from your dreams? Divination? I read in a book that if you dream about buckets, it forebodes an upcoming death. Of course it doesn't! I may not say the same thing after dreaming about a bucket and later learning of somebody's death, though. But what is a dream, anyway? I like this line from Wikipedia's page on dreams: "Dreams have been described physiologically as a response to neural processes during sleep, psychologically as reflections of the subconscious, and spiritually as messages from gods, the deceased, predictions of the future or from the Soul, for symbolism is the language of the Soul. "I'm not the most interesting or skilled conversationalist. Whether you start a conversation with me regarding your uncle's death or quantum physics, I will invariably steer the conversation towards movies. Don't ask why, I just do. Perhaps it's because I know more about movies than about anything else. Consider the topic at hand - dreams. I read a bit of this and a bit of that off the internet and I flipped through a few books and have garnered knowledge (possibly half-knowledge) on dreams. But my knowledge about dreams in the movies is certainly more than just half-knowledge. Movies have endlessly employed the 'dream sequence' trip, either for dramatic effect, for psychological exploration, or just for those goddamn cheap thrills. By cheap thrills, I refer to those corny horror movies in which a character gets stabbed by a creepy kook, only to wake up and find, 'Oh, it's just a dream!' These are dream sequences of the worst kind; just to induce momentary shudders, false alarms. I could mention the names of movies that have done this. I could mention them.

Horror movies can employ dream sequences effectively though, if they're clever enough. Take the example of " Rosemary's Baby," an excellent 1968 thriller ( Roman Polanski's Hollywood debut) in which the protagonist Rosemary is haunted by dreams that actually mean something to the story, including that terrifying dream in which she is raped by Satan. That kind of dream sequence plants the seed of doubt in your mind that keeps growing throughout the movie..."Did that really happen? Or was it just a dream?" It was obviously a dream. She wakes up safe and sound in bed. But why are there scars on her back? She wonders again if it really was just a dream. Her husband assures her it was; he was drunk last night, the scratches on her back are his fault. But the dream... she wonders. We wonder too. The film is surprisingly chilling for its time. Strike that - it's chilling for any time. Unfortunately, most horror movies rarely employ dream sequences worthily. Instead of taking inspiration from newer run-off-the-mill horror films, today's filmmakers should take a look at the classics like 'Rosemary's Baby'.

A newer horror film that utilized dreams cleverly is " Shutter Island," Martin Scorsese's latest film. Here, the dream sequence is applied to show the audience flashbacks and incidents from the characters' past. Leonardo DiCaprio's character, Teddy, experiences hallucinations and dreams which at first seem incoherent, but by the time the climax hits you, you'll realize that all the little pieces of dreams and visions form the pieces of a bigger puzzle. It was a very powerful movie, and I admired the dream sequences in it; they were so much like real dreams, they were bold, memorable images, and they all had some meaning. Second or third viewings of this underrated film will bring new insights...you'll realize little details in the dreams and hallucinations that all hint at the revelation at the climax of the film. If you haven't seen 'Shutter Island' yet, I urge you to.

Another thriller that effectively and prominently uses the flashback dream sequence is Alfred Hitchcock's 'Spellbound' (1945), a film I saw only recently. I really liked the movie as it keeps you guessing throughout. I shall not get into the workings of the plot; all you need to know for now is that it is the story of a man who is suffering from memory loss and a guilt complex, and there's a scene in which two doctors interpret one of his dreams to find some hints about his past. I thought the way they doctors discover vital clues to the mystery of the man's past solely from his dreams was ingenious. And oh, how wonderfully the plot works as well; the film is a true mystery.

The dream sequence in " Spellbound" was designed by renowned artist Salvador Dali, so you can imagine how beautiful and surreal the whole sequence was. It was extremely effective, and had the real feel of a dream. (Dali is one of my favorite artists, so to see a version of his art in motion was a delight). My only problem with "Spellbound" is a problem I also had with " Vertigo" - the love plots in both are ridiculous. Of course, you might beg to differ. Apart from movies that have dreams in them, there are movies that are about dreams themselves. A friend of mine recommended a movie 'Waking Life' to me, simply because it was created using a process known as rotoscopy, by which real-life footage is made to look like animation. It's somewhat like the 2-D artist's version of the 3-D artist's motion capture technique.

" Waking Life" is one of the best looking films I've seen. The images are memorable and very dream-like, with characters' features constantly shifting and evolving. The film follows a man who's in a constant lucid dream-state. A lucid dream is simply one in which the dreamer knows he's dreaming. So this man keeps meeting people in his dreams who converse with him. The film doesn't have any plot...it's simply these conversations with strangers (or are they?) and friends in his dreams that keeps the film going. And most of these conversations are absolutely fascinating. The conversations flow into each other, covering various aspects of philosophy, psychology and the human mind. And though some of these conversations don't make sense at first, repeat viewings will clear all the clutter. There are some interesting ideas presented in this most experimental film. They say you can't adjust light levels in your dreams. And that if you know you're dreaming, then you can control your dreams and do anything. "The trick," says one of the characters in the film, "is to combine your waking rational abilities with the infinite possibilities of your dreams. Because, if you can do that, you can do anything. The worst mistake that you can make is to think you're alive when really you're asleep in life's waiting room. Did you ever have a job that you hated and worked real hard at? A long, hard day of work. Finally you get to go home, get in bed, close your eyes and immediately you wake up and realize...that the whole day at work had been a dream. It's bad enough that you sell your waking life for minimum wage, but now they get your dreams for free."

There was a point of time I was obsessed with the film. I would watch segments of it repeatedly, trying to completely understand all the ideas presented in the film. It took me some time to realize that that isn't the way this film isn't meant to be experienced. "Waking Life" is not a textbook. It's a painted canvas. You aren't supposed to comprehend every syllable of the conversations; you're supposed to let the conversations wash over you and get you thinking. It doesn't matter if you didn't completely get all the new ideas presented to you - the point is to get some new ideas. I advise all thinkers out there to watch it. Do note: most people who have fed on pulp fiction, blockbusters and certain transforming automobiles might find it pretentious and boring. Then there's another film, " The Science of Sleep," which analyzes the nature of dreams. I haven't seen the whole film yet, but whatever I saw of it is quite interesting. The film follows an imaginative man who dreams a bit too much, if you ask me. The opening lines of the film grabbed me instantly: We are shown the main character, Stephane, as he hosts a cookery show in his dreams.

Hi, and welcome back to another episode of "Television Educative". Tonight, I'll show you how dreams are prepared. People think it's a very simple and easy process but it's a bit more complicated than that. As you can see, a very delicate combination of complex ingredients is the key. First, we put in some random thoughts. And then, we add a little bit of reminiscences of the day ... mixed with some memories from the past ... Love, friendships, relationships ... and all those "ships," together with songs you heard during the day, things you saw ... Okay, I think it's done. This film was directed by Michel Gondry, who also directed the excellent " Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind," another high concept psychological film. Speaking of high concept psychological films...When you read the words 'Dreams' and 'Film' in the title of this article, you were asking for " Inception," weren't you? Of course you were.

My whole interest in dreams was recently renewed by 'Inception,'a film that took the 'dream sequence' and applied it to its plot unlike ever before. Sure, " The Matrix" also has several people in a shared virtual world, but that was a computer programme...this is a dream. And when you talk about dreams, you're talking about endless possibilities. That's why films employ dream sequences so much -- you can do anything to your characters, or show anything your audiences, in a dream sequence.'Inception,' as you should know by now, follows a group of thieves who extract information from the subconscious mind of their targets while they all dream. I won't go into the details of the plot as they are too tedious to explain. Besides, you must already know them by now. Since the film takes place in the world of dreams and involves characters going layers and layers in and out of labyrinthine dreams, you can never be too sure about any of your theories about the plot. Try sorting out how many possible theories there are. Once you get to a number, watch the movie again. What's the bet your number increases?

I loved the film's theories on dreams and several of their applications...the theory about dream time running faster than real time as your mind works faster when asleep. The theory about changes in the real world affecting the dream, like splashing water. The idea behind the totems. The idea behind people bringing projections of their subconscious into the dream space. I enjoyed how they applied impossible architecture and physics into the film too...especially the Penrose steps and the bending of Paris. Oh, how could I forget? That excellent hotel corridor fight.

The film challenged audiences to keep track with its dream-in-a-dream-in-a-dream-in-a-dream-and-so-on plot. And it begs the question..."How do we know we're awake? What if we're still dreaming?" What if? That being said, I have slight problems with 'Inception's...rule-bound nature. Somehow, I've always figured dreams to be senseless, incoherent mash-ups of ideas and images. 'Inception' is too straight to be about dreams. But maybe that's just me.On re-reading what I've written so far, some last minute thoughts strike me. I spoke about lucid dreams in this article (a dream in which the dreamer is aware he or she is dreaming). As you're dreaming, are you aware that you're dreaming? No matter how outrageous the content of your dream, it seems plausible and almost completely natural at that point of time, right? In that dream in which I was served stray dogs to eat at the hospital, it seemed commonplace to me as it happened. But I have had one lucid dream in my entire life. I was flying through a corridor...and a thought suddenly struck me. "I'm dreaming." Then I saw a signboard on the wall of the corridor. I tried to read it, well aware of the fact that you can't read in a dream. And for that little instant of time, I was certain I was dreaming. And I felt a strange sense of triumph. "According to 'Waking Life,' I should be able to control my dream now," I actually thought. And then, quite sadly, I woke up. I've never dreamt lucidly since. Another thought: I wrote that dreams are based on a person's past experiences and memories. Isn't interesting to wonder what a baby dreams about in all its hours of sleep? Maybe it dreams of its experiences in the womb? The music the mother listened to while pregnant? Race memories? I don't know. But then again, who knows for sure? One last thought: I read on Wikipedia that at least 95% of all dreams are not remembered. So you might think you remember your dreams, but most probably, you've forgotten most of them.So what did you dream about last night? Are you sure? Food for thought.

Drawing at top by Krishna Shenoi. Drawing of dripping figure by Aniruddh Menon.

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Dreams and films and dreams | Far Flungers | Roger Ebert

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No one is certain about dreams. If they tell you they are, they're either fooling you or themselves. There isn't a universally accepted definition of dreams. The whole idea behind them isn't wholly understood.

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http://meducator.org/2019/03/the-reality-behind-our-dreams/

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Why do we dream? How does our brain manufacture dreams? How do they relate to our consciousness? These are questions that neuroscientists have been trying to answer for the past few decades, in an effort to understand this alternate reality-known as our oneiric, or dream, state. Since dreams recur on a daily basis, dreams plays an essential role in our daily lives, influenced by our emotions and our personal experiences. However, it is still shocking how little we actually know about their structure and reality. Dreams tend to be known as vivid hallucinations that consist of a first-person narrative, and are generally non-static throughout most of the night. In contrast, the brain activity we experience during our sleep is changing constantly. This is due to the fact that we experience five stages of sleep, categorized into REM sleep and non-REM sleep. Neuronal activity is different in each of these stages, affecting the dimensions and perception of our dreams.
Neurological features and their correlation to consciousness
To understand dreams, in a philosophical and neural point of view, we must first deal with the concept of the "self"-the self is a not a thing or an entity. It is something that is subject to constant change and can be enacted in the process of awareness. Usually when a person becomes occupied in a manual task, they enact a bodily self that is created for that immediate environment. However, when we get overly absorbed in that task, we tend to start losing our self from our experience. Consider a situation in which you are working on easy math questions, after studying the unit for two weeks. Since you have so much experience and practice already, and the questions are not challenging, your mind will tend to wander or lose awareness. You will start to think about something else while simultaneously completing the math questions. In wandering off, you are losing your self from your experience.

When we fall asleep, our sense of self reduces greatly. When images float by in dreams, our awareness starts to get absorbed into them. Soon we become bounded and distinct from the outside world and begin dissolving into our dream state, breaking the border between our self and non-self. We experience the dream through the perspective of our self within it [1].

During the REM stage, a person's eyes tends to move about, their heartbeat and breathing start to become irregular, and most of their voluntary muscles become paralyzed. The brain activity in this particular region of sleep is very intriguing, as the brain waves tend to be faster and increase in frequency, while also decreasing in voltage. These types of waves are known as theta waves, the very same types that occur during our wakeful conscious [2]. More interestingly, these are the same waves that are experienced when trying to recollect episodic memories, which are recent experiences that the person has recently dealt with. This means that there is a strong correlation between dreams and memories and that the neurophysical mechanisms for memory retrieval also occur while dreaming.

Aside from the REM stage, there are four other stages of sleep, which are usually categorized into the S phase and D phase. These are the first two and the last two stages, of the non-Rem part, of the sleep cycle, respectively, and tend to take up majority of the time throughout the night.The S-phase of sleep is simply known for being recuperation from the day's activities. Dreaming does not usually occur i n this state, but is not unordinary. The D-phase of sleep is where dreams are usually made and where the procss of dreaming starts [4]. These two stages tend to have dreams that are more static, shorter, less viid, and more thought-like as compared to the REM stage. This stage usually does not contain a first-person narrative or involve the concept of self. In other words, in this phase, there is connection to the outside world and no access to the dream state [5].

During REM sleep, our dreams tend to be different than in the other stages. They become more vivid and intense and start to resemble experiences that are being dealt with in the real world. These are the dreams that contain the perspective and the first-person awareness of our bodily self. In this stage, we are usually distant from reality and tend to enter into a new dimensional world. This phase has been linked to parts of the amygdala and hippocampus within the limbic system in our brains. These structures in the brain, which relate to the processing and memory of emotional reactions and consolidation of short term memory into long term memory, respectively, can explain why the REM stage of sleep tends to contain sensorimotor images (images having both motor and sensory components) of our subconscious feelings and emotions that are being kept deep inside of us [ 3] .

The REM stage of sleep tends to rely on the pons in our brainstem. When this part of stem is critically damaged or completely destroyed, people generally stop experiencing REM sleep-however, they don't stop dreaming. This is because the more critical regions for dreaming are actually at the temporoparietal-occipital junction in the cerebral cortex, at a place known as the inferior lingual gyrus. Destruction to even small areas of this region can affect the colour, specific dreaming dimensions, and even movement of our dreams [ 6] .

When a person is awake, the primary visual cortex plays a role in consciously decoding visual signals. However, when a person is in REM sleep, this region of the brain experiences very little activity. This is because it is actually the extrastriate visual areas that are capable of decoding the highly complex visual scenes that are seen during REM sleep. This explains why the dreams that we see are more complex and different than what we see during reality [7].

It has also been observed that the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with thought and judgement when we are awake, exhibits very little activity during sleep, particularly REM sleep. This explains why our dreams tend to be bizarre, illogical, and socially inappropriate.

Lastly, the anterior cingulate gyrus tends to be more active during REM sleep as well. This brain structure deals with attention and motivation. It allows us to see objects more clearly and detailed, as well as carry out change whenever we get motivated to do an activity. It is due to this area of the brain that our dreams appear so vivid and changeable.
Molecules behind our dreams:
Adenosine is the molecule that regulates between sleep and wakefulness. When a person is awake, their concentration of adenosine is much higher than what it is when they are sleeping. This concentration is continuously increasing while the person is awake, until the trigger for non-REM sleep arrives. This comes by when ATP reserves, which produce adenosine by its degradation with the adenosine deaminase enzyme, are depleted once stored as glycogen in the brain. The amount of adenosine produced in the brain is reflected by the activity level of the neurons and the glial cells. Since there is intense brain activity during times of wakefulness, there is a corresponding high level of activity of the neurons and glial cells and hence a high concentration of adenosine. However, since there is a high accumulation of adenosine in the brain, there is also a corresponding depletion of ATP reserves. This causes the brain to enter into non-REM sleep in order to recover and rebuild its stores of glycogen [8].

The mechanisms by which adenosine acts within the brain to initiate these stages of sleep and wakefulness is done by binding to two receptors: the A1 receptor and the A2A receptor. The adenosine binds to the inhibitory A1 receptor in the basal telencephalon, thereby inhibiting the activity of the adenylate cyclase enzyme and suppressing the inflow of calcium ions into the presynaptic terminals. This causes fewer neurotransmitters, which are associated with wakefulness, to be secreted by these neurons. This inhibits wakefulness. A different process is simultaneously used to promote sleep, in which adenosine binds to the A2A receptor in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus, which has excitatory effects towards tiredness [9].

One of the nuclei that are essential for REM sleep is the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO), which extends from the caudal midbrain to the rostral pons. This area tends to be very active during REM sleep, because of an increase in acetylcholine levels. Acetylcholine increases the activity of these neurons and simultaneously causes a reduction in the activity of two other nuclei that produce other wakeful neurotransmitters: the dorsal raphe nucleus and the locus coeruleus, both of which are located in the rostral portion of the pons [10]. REM sleep cannot begin unless the activities of these two nuclei are shut down, which is why they are known as "REM off" neurons. It has been theorized that the shutdown of these two neurons might help to suppress consciousness during sleep, potentially explaining why we separate from our self and the outside world during this stage of sleep.

The frontal cortex can be necessary for dreaming as well, although some parts tend to be inactivated. This is because dopamine is projected into the frontal cortex by a neural pathway that allows for these dreams to occur. It has been correlated that with more dopamine, the intensity of dreams increases.
What do our dreams mean?
The content of our dreams changes as we approach new stages of dreaming throughout the night. This is affected mainly by environmental factors that we experience in reality. Any problems or joys relevant prior to falling asleep can show up in a dream in a variety of ways. A person will often dream about someone they are romantically interested in. Watching an emotional movie will often evoke strong emotions. These changes produce very emotional dreams, where level of emotion is directly correlated to the length of the dream experienced by the user.

Gender, age and personality also play a role in shaping the content of a dream. People who are young tend to have more emotional dreams, particularly with nightmarish themes, while people who are older tend to have dreams surrounding the theme of death. Males seem to have more sexually aggressive content in their dreams, compared to females, who tend to have dreams that are more so about home and family. People who are psychotic, depressed, or have occupations in the creative arts tend to have more nightmares. Those with depression, in particular, tend to dream more of the past rather than the present. Pregnant women tend to dream about their own mothers and babies [11].

When we are asleep, early on in the night, we tend to dream about our distant past, but as we progress into the night, our dreams start to change and we start dreaming about present topics. Usually these topics are wishes, thoughts, and feelings that are pushed down into the subconscious, without being addressed in our waking reality. Within our dreams, this subconscious material bypasses any censorship our brains have made. The true meaning of the dream, or the latent content, is presented in a disguised form as the manifest content, the actual images and symbols we see in our dreams.

References

1. Paquette A. The interpretation of independent agents and spiritual content in dreams. International Journal of Dream Research. 2018; 11(2):86-105. Available from: https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/IJoDR/article/viewFile/41217/pdf

2. Kosh C. Dream States: A peek into consciousness [Internet] 2010 [cited 2018 December 27]. Available from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dream-states/ .

3. Ashim KB, Tridip C. Molecular events during dream. Global Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 2017; 3(4):555620. Available from: doi: 10.19080/GJIDD.2017.03.555620.

4. Domhoff GW. Dreaming is an intensified form of mind wandering, based in an augmented portion of the default network. The Oxford handbook of spontaneous thought: mind wandering, creativity and dreaming. 2018. Available from: doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.7.

5. Ashish. How Do Blind People Dream? " Science ABC [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 January 11].. Available from: https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/do-blind-people-dream-how-do-they-see-dreams.html

Written by Naumen Zain

Mentored by Angela Dong

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Why do we dream? How does our brain manufacture dreams? How do they relate to our consciousness? These are questions that neuroscientists have been trying to answer for the past few decades, in an effort to understand this alternate reality-known as our oneiric, or dream, state.

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https://wbplincoln.org/how-emotions-enter-our-dreams-and-impact-our-health/

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Society seems to condition us to always appear calm and in full control of how we feel, no matter the circumstances. Suppressing emotions may seem like a great way to prove that you're strong and not a weak crybaby but hiding how you really feel can have serious health consequences such as mental fatigue, elevated blood pressure, and sleeping problems.

Common signs that you suppress your emotions as a coping strategy include:

- Using substances like drugs or alcohol to numb the pain and escape from your thoughts.
- Consciously not talking about how you feel.
- Avoiding situations that remind you of your emotions or force you to confront them.
- Distracting yourself as a way to prevent yourself from reacting.

One of the major ways that 'shutting down' negative feelings, affects you is by affecting your dreams. The brain naturally tries to work out emotions, but it needs your help to do so. When you refuse to acknowledge these negative emotions, the brain is forced to process them alone. While you sleep, memories are processed and stored. When you refuse to confront your negative emotions while you're awake, the brain works on combating the negative emotion without you while you sleep at night. This causes these emotions to surface in your unconscious dreaming state.

Research by Malinowski (2017) has confirmed the importance of 'dream rebound'. When we suppress our emotions, they show up in our dreams. Participants who suppressed negative thoughts had more negative emotions manifesting in their dreams in forms of sadness, fear, anger, and anxiety. Participants who suppressed their negative emotions also had sleep problems and experienced poor sleep quality, difficulty falling asleep, use of sleep medication, restless sleep, and tiredness during the day. They also recorded higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.

In essence, researchers discovered that there is a greater tendency for negative emotions experienced during waking hours to manifest within dreams. Especially sadness, fear, anger, and anxiety. Positive emotions did not significantly manifest in dreams. Also, suppression of feelings is associated with poorer sleep quality and correlates with anxiety, depression, and stress.

How To Work Through Your Emotions In A Healthy Manner

Here are a few tips to help you process negative emotions in a healthy way, rather than by suppressing them:

- Journal: Free form journaling can help you purge yourself of the negative emotions that you feel. Writing down your negative feelings and noting possible solutions before going to bed can be cathartic and improves your sleep quality significantly.
- Talk about your dreams: It is incredibly helpful to analyze your dreams with the help of a therapist. Unpacking what happens in these dreams with your therapist can help you identify the particular emotions you're suppressing and how to manage them in a healthy manner.
- Practice mindfulness: Be mindful of your thoughts. Note them, and then let them go, rather than suppressing them. Meditation can help you feel calmer too.

We have many experts at Williamsburg Behavioral Psychology who can help people manage their emotions. Working through these negative emotions with a therapist you can trust can help you reach your full potential to live and love well. Click on the "contact us" tab at wbplincoln.org (WBP) to schedule with a clinician you would feel comfortable with. You can see all clinicians at our site and their areas of expertise by clicking on the "clinician" tab. In addition - if you are looking for specialized services, you can find a tab to see what is available at WBP.

Dr. Diane C. Marti, Ph.D. https://wbplincoln.org/dr-diane-marti/

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How Emotions Enter Our Dreams and Impact Our Health - Diane Marti

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Society seems to condition us to always appear calm and in full control of how we feel, no matter the circumstances. Suppressing emotions may seem like a great way to prove that you're strong and not a weak crybaby but hiding how you really feel can have serious health consequences such as mental fatigue, elevated [...]

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https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/280834/daily-life-really-can-influence-our-dreams-says-new-research/

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What our dreams might signify is often thought by many to be nonsense. However, new research in the has found that feeling frustrated in daily life could in fact influence what type of dreams you have, and make recurrent nightmares more likely.

Carried out by researchers from the University of Cardiff, the two-part study looked at whether people's daily frustration or fulfilment of their psychological needs, such as feeling autonomous or competent, affects their dreams.

In the first part, they recruited 200 participants and asked them to write about their most common recurring dream. Participants were asked to provide as much detail as possible, including how positive or negative they perceived the dream to be.

They were also asked to report whether they had experienced any of nine negative common dream themes in their dream, including falling, being attacked or pursued, being frozen with fear, being locked up, the presence of fire, being nude in public, trying repeatedly to do something, failing an examination, being inappropriately dressed, and arriving too late.

For the second study, the team asked 110 participants to keep a "dream diary" over a three-day period, in order to look further into whether fulfulling our psychological needs during the day is related to our dreams at night.

The results from both studies showed that the frustrations and emotions associated with unfulfilled psychological needs did indeed influence the themes noticed in people's dreams.

The team found that participants who felt frustrated that their psychological needs were not met, whether it was on a day-to-day basis or over a longer period of time, were more likely to report negative dreams which were frightening or included feelings of anger or sadness.

In particular, the results from the first study also showed that people who were frustrated with their daily situation tended to have recurring dreams in which they were falling, failing or being attacked.

Frustrated participants were also more likely to interpret their dreams negatively, whereas those whose psychological needs were met were more likely to describe their dreams positively.

"Waking-life psychological need experiences are indeed reflected in our dreams," concluded lead author Netta Weinstein. "Negative dream emotions may directly result from distressing dream events, and might represent the psyche's attempt to process and make sense of particularly psychologically challenging waking experiences."

The results can be found published online in the journal "Motivation and Emotion". JB
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Daily life really can influence our dreams, says new research

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What our dreams might signify is often thought by many to be nonsense. However, new research in the has found that feeling frustrated in daily life could in fact influence what type of dreams you have, and make recurrent nightmares more likely.

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Forget Freud: Dreams Replay Our Everyday Lives

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Sigmund Freud thought dreams were all about wish fulfillment and repressed desire. But scientists now think they’re linked to memory processing and consciousness. And they’re often quite mundane.

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https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/dream-catcher/201105/the-impact-dreams-your-social-life

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https://www.sleepdr.com/the-sleep-blog/do-dreams-affect-sleep-quality/

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Dreams may not be so sweet if they are impacting your quality of sleep. We all dream each night, whether the dreams are remembered or not. Many Americans are chronically sleep-deprived. It's important to have an understanding of ideal sleep and how our sleeping patterns may impact overall health and wellness.
How Dreams Work
Everyone dreams anywhere from 3 to 6 times each night. Dreaming is normal and a healthy part of sleeping. Dreams are a series of images, stories, emotions and feelings that occur throughout the stages of sleep. The dreams that you remember happen during the REM cycle of sleep. REM means rapid eye movement. The REM sleep happens approximately 90 minutes after you have fallen asleep and lasts around ten minutes. The brain is very active at this point and that is when the more memorable dreams happen.

It seems that often, dreams occur as a way for us to play out events that happened during the day. They seem to be a response to an experienced environment. If one has something stressful or particularly sad happen to them during the day, they are more likely to dream about it at night. There are now some that suggest dreaming helps the brain with its memory function. They help with cognition and your ability to process events - "...dreaming is a natural extension of waking conscious experience. 1 "

There are many theories about what we dream and why. Whatever the case, what should be of particular importance to an individual is not necessarily what they dream about but how it impacts sleep quality.
The Impact of Dreams
While dreaming is normal, there can be some abnormal parts of dreaming that interfere with sleep or overall mental health. For example, if you experience vivid dreams immediately after you have fallen asleep, it could be a sign of a sleep condition called narcolepsy .

Dreams do not typically negatively impact sleep, but nightmares can. The way they influence sleep is that it can make it more difficult to fall asleep and cause difficulty in moving between sleep cycles. 2 This can make a person drowsier during the day.

On Daily Life

Good and bad dreams can impact daily life. Frequent nightmares may impede a person's ability to fall asleep and then cause sleepiness during the day. Dreaming can also aid in a person's ability to process others' positive emotions, making the individual have a higher level of social competence .

Not dreaming may mean you are not reaching REM sleep and therefore may cause higher rates of sleepiness, depression and health issues. It seems to be that those who have negative dreams also have higher rates of stress during the day and are more likely to have sleep disorders. Likewise, those who have positive dreams are less likely to have sleep disorders. Though, it's difficult to know the cause. Regardless, trying to think positively during the day may help the types of positive or negative dreams that occur at night. 3 .
Night Terrors and Nightmares
Night terrors and nightmares are two different types of dreams. Night terrors show up as someone thrashing or groaning in the middle of their sleep due to a negative dream and are associated with non-REM sleep. It typically occurs in children. They do not wake up due to the night terror, although it may last 10-30 minutes. Nightmares are a negative type of dream that causes one to wake abruptly and is associated with the REM sleep cycle. It can happen to anyone of any age. Sleep deprivation can cause an increase in nightmares .

There are many different things that can factor into the quality of your sleep, so feel free to to ASMS if you're curious about how you can improve your sleep quality today!

1. https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/tps-0000018.pdf

2. Paul, F., Schredl, M., & Alpers, G. W. (2015). Nightmares affect the experience of sleep quality but not sleep architecture: an ambulatory polysomnographic study. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation, 2, 3. doi:10.1186/s40479-014-0023-4

3. Weinstein, N., Campbell, R., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2018). Linking psychological need experiences to daily and recurring dreams. Motivation and emotion, 42(1), 50-63. doi:10.1007/s11031-017-9656-0

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Dreams may not be so sweet if they are impacting your quality of sleep. We all dream each night, whether the dreams are remembered or not. Many Americans are chronically sleep-deprived. It's important to have an understanding of ideal sleep and how our sleeping patterns may impact overall health and

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https://00.pubpub.org/pub/83843x5m/release/1

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This is a working, evolving draft. Please feel free to comment. Gratitude to editors thus far: Ryan Bottary, Dan Denis, Rod Mullen, Paul Seli
This set of principles is written in response to new scientific developments that enable the direction of specific cognitive content in sleep and dreams. This includes technologies for enhancing specific memories and dampening others during sleep, techniques that allow the formation of new habits and associations during sleep, and protocols that can change the actual subject matter and substance of dreams. We haven't arrived at Inception, and we're not under the impression that it's around the corner, but it's not seeming like complete sci-fi anymore. We have learned that the dreamspace, while it is precious and personal, is also porous and available to outside influence. Collectively, we refer to techniques that are meant to alter dreams as Dream Engineering. The implications could range far and wide.

We are embarking on, and asking others to join, a new kind of dream. This is a moment of transition and transformation for the sort of self-knowledge we can have: Sensors feed images of ourselves back into our eyes and ears, from heartbeats to brainwaves, creating a feedback loop of seeing and being. Each of the sleep and dream engineering techniques above is built on top of developments in sensor technology, which enable active intervention on sleep experience and function. For example, a smart-speaker by the bed can determine sleep stages with sound analysis, and can send a signal to a smart sleep mask or necklace to release a specific scent we have preprogrammed to change our emotion and memories overnight.

Techniques like this suddenly render the dreamscape-a territory that is nearly synonymous with the untamed interior-subject to scientific manipulation. There is great opportunity here for growth and insight. Control of dreams allows for controlled experimentation on dreams, and all the ensuing knowledge that such scientific pursuits promise. We envision that nightmare treatments, learning enhancements, overnight therapy, augmentation of creativity, and overcoming addiction are all within the realm of possibility. Yet, there is also the potential for great peril: the threat of the capture, sale and colonization of the dreaming self in the form of data; the outsourcing of introspection, trusting sensors more than senses; and the infiltration of our most private spaces by those who may wish to harm or manipulate us. Dreams are the ineffable, the inexplicably personal, the stories with which we make and remake ourselves. They guide how we remember, ruminate, and reminisce-we must understand and regulate outside interest in and influence on them.

At their best, these scientific protocols and sensor technologies function as keys to open doors to ourselves, for exploration or augmentation of the recesses of the mind. At their worst, they are simply an expansion of a techno-optimist, capitalist imperative that asks us to yield more of ourselves to a normative notion of 'optimized' which does not serve us. They are built for anyone to use in ways they choose, on themselves, and yet we can do little to control the uses of a tool, especially one that is open-source. As a new area of the mind is exposed to influence, we hope to outline ethical guidelines for the creation of Dream Engineering techniques. Many of these guidelines apply to the waking self as well: We would prefer a world wherein the sale and manipulation of the attentional waking self is not normalized, but we hope that privacy concerns and targeted advertising attempts raise more hackles in the bedroom than they have in the browser. Brain science (attentional neuroscience, affective psychology) provided the material to chain the waking mind to the infinite scroll, and the inattentive unconscious self must not succumb to the same, so we put our ethics on the page. We do this acknowledging that (a) we should not hide behind these intentions, (b) we are responsible for how our projects change after deployment, and (c) we will seek to intervene if they are being used unethically.

1) Your dream is your own, always. We will not create technologies that tell you what your dream means. We will not participate in the incubation of any dreams that people do not expressly ask for and give consent to dream.

2) "The camera is an instrument that teaches people how to see without a camera." American portraitist Dorothea Lange quoted in: Los Angeles Times (13 Aug. 1978). Noticing shadow, light, and luster through a lens opens our eyes to the world, even when we put the camera down and look for imagery worth framing. We are building cameras for capturing internal imagery, and we will design tools that do not create dependency, but rather teach and then render themselves unnecessary.

3) We are not nearly the first community to try influencing dreams. These practices are ancient: Yoga Nidra, the Sarapeum, Mohave Shamanism, and so many more. We will balance respect for and integration of these techniques as we build and enable their use with modern technology.

4) We will build alongside and for communities which are broader than the WEIRD bias typically present in psychological studies--Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic.

5) We present the limitations of our work absolutely clearly.

6) We build technologies which enable not enforce (no demands to change sleep or dreams), and supplement not substitute (no replacing innate capabilities).

7) We will be mindful and vigilant of how our technologies alter the physiology and architecture of natural sleep. We will strive to minimize impact on sleep quality.

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A Dream Engineering Ethic · Infinite Zero

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This is a working, evolving draft. Please feel free to comment.

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https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/targeted-dream-incubation/overview/

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Project Overview ‹ Targeted Dream Incubation – MIT Media Lab

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What Is TDI?Targeted Dream Incubation is a method for guiding dreams towards specific themes. It is a proposal both magnetic and unlikely: Can we really...

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https://dxe.pubpub.org/pub/dreamadvertising/release/1

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Molson Coors recently announced a new kind of advertising campaign. Timed for the days before Super Bowl Sunday, it was designed to infiltrate our dreams [1]. They planned to use "targeted dream incubation" (TDI) [2] to alter the dreams of the nearly 100 million Super Bowl viewers the night before the game-specifically, to have them dream about Coors beer in a clean, refreshing, mountain environment-and presumably then drink their beer while watching the Super Bowl. Participants in what Coors called 'the world's largest dream study' would get half off on a 12 pack of Coors; if they sent the link to a friend who also incubated their dreams, the 12 pack was free. With this campaign, Coors is proudly pioneering a new form of intrusive marketing. "Targeted Dream Incubation (TDI) is a never-before-seen form of advertising," says Marcelo Pascoa, Vice President of Marketing at Molson Coors [3].

With brain imaging techniques beginning to capture the core contents of people's dreams [4] and sleep studies establishing real-time communication between researchers and sleeping dreamers [5], the kind of dream incubation until recently assumed to be the pure science fiction of movies like Inception is now becoming reality. Coors is not the only company expressing interest in using these novel dream incubation technologies: Xbox's Made From Dreams uses TDI to give professional gamers dreams of their favorite video games, while Playstation advertises a new Tetris game based on a sleep study demonstrating that gameplay incubates Tetris dreams [5]. In 2018, Burger King created a "nightmare" burger for Halloween, claiming that a sleep laboratory study had 'clinically proven' it would induce nightmares [6]. And multiple marketing studies are openly testing new ways to alter and motivate purchasing behavior through dream and sleep hacking [7, 8]. The commercial, for-profit use of dream incubation is rapidly becoming a reality.

Traditions of dream incubation-techniques employed during wakefulness to help a person dream about a specific topic-go back thousands of years and span indigenous practices across the globe. Over the last few years, brain scientists have begun to develop scientific tools that facilitate this incubation of specific dream content [2], making dream incubation more targeted and measurable, and allowing scientific experimentation on the nature and function of dreaming. They use sensors to determine when an individual's sleeping brain is receptive to external stimuli and, at these times, introduce smells, sounds, flashing lights or even speech to influence the content of our dreams [9].

Dreams have ties to people's well-being [10, 11], and dream content can predict how well someone will adapt to waking challenges and concerns, including those related to trauma and depression [12, 13]. Altering dream content can augment our creativity, boost our mood, and help us learn [14, 15]. We believe that targeted intervention in sleep and dreams could help alleviate several psychiatric conditions including depression and PTSD [12]. We know that targeted delivery of odors during sleep can help combat addiction; participants exposed during their sleep to the smells of cigarettes along with those of rotten eggs smoked 30% fewer cigarettes over the following week [16]. Researchers have not yet tested whether TDI can instead worsen addiction, but the Coors study, which paired images of beer cans not with odious smells but with images of clean mountain streams, may shine a disturbing light on this question. Regardless, such interventions clearly influence the choices our sleeping and dreaming brain make in how to interpret the events from our day, and how to use memories of these events in planning our future, biasing the brain's decisions toward whatever information was presented during sleep [17, 18].

These questions and developments should be considered in the broader context of sleep and memory research. The last twenty years have been a watershed for sleep research during which we have come to understand the importance of sleep for our memories and emotional health. It is while we sleep that our brain decides which memories to keep and which to forget, and how to organize those it keeps [19, 20]. It also can choose to keep the gist or the emotional core of a memory while letting other details be forgotten [20, 21]. Through this nocturnal process, the brain shapes the memories that together create our autobiographical past, our sense of who we are now, and our understanding of how best to live our lives in the future.

More recent studies have shown that dreaming represents another aspect of this nightly memory evolution. Our dreams are not attempts to suppress undesirable wishes, nor are they simply the result of random brain activity during sleep. Dreaming represents an evolved mechanism for exploring the relevance and importance of older memories to newer ones, seeking to position the events of our day among the innumerable memories and concepts we have accumulated across a lifetime [18], helping to make us just a bit wiser in the process.

For now, TDI-based advertising requires our active participation, for example choosing to play an 8-hour Coors soundtrack while we sleep. But it is easy to envision a world in which smart speakers-40 million Americans currently have them in their bedrooms [22]- become instruments of passive, unconscious overnight advertising, with or without our permission. These tailored soundtracks would become background scenery for our sleep, as the unending billboards that litter American highways have become for our waking life.

Our dreams cannot become just another playground for corporate advertisers. Regardless of Coors' intent, their actions set the stage for a corporate assault of our very sense of who we are. And it is not difficult to imagine Coors' ad campaign negatively impacting abstinent alcoholics. Indeed, research has shown that abstinent drug users who report dreaming about their drug-use show higher levels of craving [23]. In the cigarette cessation study mentioned above, not only was the intervention effective in sleep (yet ineffective when the smells were presented during wake), but participants reported no memory of being exposed to these smells in the morning. The potential for misuse of these technologies is as ominous as it is obvious.

TDI-advertising is not some fun gimmick, but a slippery slope with real consequences. Planting dreams in people's minds for the purpose of selling products, not to mention addictive substances, raises important ethical questions. The moral line dividing companies selling relaxing rain soundtracks to help people sleep from those embedding targeted dreams to influence consumer behavior is admittedly unclear at the moment. While the Federal Trade Commission has indicated that subliminal ads during wake violate its statute requiring truth in advertising, there is no similar indication regarding exposure to advertisements during sleep.

As sleep and dream researchers, we are deeply concerned about marketing plans aimed at generating profits at the cost of interfering with our natural nocturnal memory processing. Brain science helped design several addictive technologies, from cell phones to social media, that now shape much of our waking lives; we do not want to see the same happen to our sleep. We believe that proactive action and new protective policies are urgently needed to keep advertisers from manipulating one of the last refuges of our already beleaguered conscious and unconscious minds: Our dreams.

Robert Stickgold - Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, coauthor of When Brains Dream

Antonio Zadra - Université de Montréal, Canada, coauthor of When Brains Dream

Adam Haar - M.I.T., Cambridge MA, co-developer of TDI tools
Signatories
Judith Amores - Harvard Medical School, Boston MA

Thomas Andrillon - Monash University, Australia

Kristoffer Appel - Institute of Sleep and Dream Technologies, Germany

Ryan Bottary - Boston College, Boston MA

Kelly Bulkeley - The Sleep and Dream Database, Portland OR

Tony Cunningham - Harvard Medical School, Boston MA

Per Davidson - Lund University, Sweden

Teresa DeCicco - Trent Univ, Canada

Eden Evins - Harvard Medical School, Boston MA

Rockelle Guthrie - David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles

David Kahn - Harvard Medical School, Boston MA

Alexandra Kitson - Simon Fraser University, Canada

Karen Konkoly - Northwestern University, Evanston IL

Célia Lacaux - Paris Brain Institute (ICM) - Paris, France

Anthony Levasseur - Université de Montréal, Canada

Pattie Maes - M.I.T., Cambridge MA

Louis-Philippe Marquis - Université de Montréal, Canada

Patrick McNamara - Boston University, Boston MA

Sara Mednick - University of California, Irvine

Natália Bezerra Mota - Federal University of Pernambuco and Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Delphine Oudiette - Paris Brain Institute (ICM) - Paris, France

Edward Pace-Schott - Harvard Medical School, Boston MA

Ken Paller - Northwestern University, Evanston IL

Jessica Payne - University of Notre Dame, South Bend IN

Claudia Picard-Deland - Université de Montréal, Canada

Leila Salvesen - IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca / Donders Institute

Sophie Schwartz - University of Geneva, Switzerland

Paul Seli - Duke Univ., Durham NC

Carlyle Smith - Trent University, Canada

Matthew Spellberg -- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA

Katja Valli - University of Turku, Finland

Tomás Vega - M.I.T, Cambridge MA

Erin Wamsley - Furman University, SC

Marco Zanasi - Torvergata Univ, Italy

Morteza Zangeneh Soroush - Tehran University of Medical Sciences

(affiliations listed for identification only)

Citations 1. Coors. (2021). The Big Game Commercial of you Dreams. Retrieved from coorsbiggamedream.com. 2. Horowitz, A. H., Cunningham, T. J., Maes, P., & Stickgold, R. (2020). Dormio: A targeted dream incubation device. Consciousness & Cognition, 83, 102938. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.102938
3. businesswire.com. (2021). Spend Saturday Night Dreaming With Zayn Malik: Coors Light and Coors Seltzer Entice Chill and Refreshing Dreams. Retrieved from https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210204005955/en/.

4. Horikawa, T., Tamaki, M., Miyawaki, Y., & Kamitani, Y. (2013). Neural decoding of visual imagery during sleep. Science, 340(6132), 639-642. doi:10.1126/science.1234330

5. Konkoly, K., Appel, K., Chabani, E., Mironov, A. Y., Mangiaruga, A., Gott, J., . . . Witkowski, S. (2021). Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep. Current Biology, in press. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606772

6. foodnetwork.com. (2018). Burger King Says New Burger Is 'Clinically Proven to Induce Nightmares'. Retrieved from https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2018/10/burger-king-says-new-burger-is-clinically-proven-to-induce-night.

7. Ai, S., Yin, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Sun, Y., Tang, X., . . . Shi, J. (2018). Promoting subjective preferences in simple economic choices during nap. Elife, 7. doi:10.7554/eLife.40583

8. Mahdavi, M., Fatehi Rad, N., & Barbosa, B. T. r. o. d. o. a. i. p. i. D., 29(3), . https://doi.org/10.1037/drm0000110. (2019). The role of dreams of ads in purchase intention. Dreaming, 29(3), 241-252. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/drm0000110

9. Solomonova, E., & Carr, C. (2019). Incorporation of external stimuli into dream content. In K. Valli & R. Hoss (Eds.), Dreams: Biology, Psychology and Culture (pp. 213-218). Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.

10. Pesant, N., & Zadra, A. (2006). Dream content and psychological well-being: a longitudinal study of the continuity hypothesis. J Clin Psychol, 62(1), 111-121. doi:10.1002/jclp.20212

11. Sandman, N., Valli, K., Kronholm, E., Vartiainen, E., Laatikainen, T., & Paunio, T. (2017). Nightmares as predictors of suicide: an extension study including war veterans. Sci Rep, 7, 44756. doi:10.1038/srep44756

12. Cartwright, R. (1991). Dreams that work: The relation of dream incorporation to adaptation to stressful events. Dreaming, 1, 3-9.

13. Mellman, T. A., David, D., Bustamante, V., Torres, J., & Fins, A. I. (2001). Dreams in the Acute Aftermath of Trauma and Their Relationship to PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 241-247. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007812321136

14. Barrett, D. (2001). The committee of sleep : How artists, scientists, and athletes use dreams for creative problem-solving--and how you can, too. New York: Crown Publishers.

15. Erlacher, D., & Schredl, M. (2010). Practicing a motor task in a lucid dream enhances subsequent performance: A pilot study. The Sport Psychologist, 24(2), 157-167.

16. Arzi, A., Holtzman, Y., Samnon, P., Eshel, N., Harel, E., & Sobel, N. (2014). Olfactory aversive conditioning during sleep reduces cigarette-smoking behavior. J Neurosci, 34(46), 15382-15393. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2291-14.2014

17. Hu, X., Antony, J. W., Creery, J. D., Vargas, I. M., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Paller, K. A. (2015). Cognitive neuroscience. Unlearning implicit social biases during sleep. Science, 348(6238), 1013-1015. doi:10.1126/science.aaa3841

18. Zadra, A., & Stickgold, R. (2021). When Brains Dream. New York: W.W. Norton.

19. Dumay, N., & Gaskell, M. G. (2007). Sleep-associated changes in the mental representation of spoken words. Psychological Science, 18(1), 35-39. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17362375

20. Payne, J. D., Stickgold, R., Swanberg, K., & Kensinger, E. A. (2008). Sleep preferentially enhances memory for emotional components of scenes. Psychological Science, 19(8), 781-788. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02157.x

21. Payne, J. D., Schacter, D. L., Propper, R. E., Huang, L. W., Wamsley, E. J., Tucker, M. A., . . . Stickgold, R. (2009). The role of sleep in false memory formation. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 92(3), 327-334. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19348959

22. voicebot.ai. (2020). Yes. The Bedroom is Now the Most Popular Location for Smart Speakers. Here's Why and What it Means. Retrieved from https://voicebot.ai/2020/04/30/yes-the-bedroom-is-now-the-most-popular-location-for-smart-speakers-heres-why-and-what-it-means/.

23. Tanguay, H., Zadra, A., Good, D., & Leri, F. (2015). Relationship between drug dreams, affect, and craving during treatment for substance dependence. J Addict Med, 9(2), 123-129. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000105

Coors ad: ( https://youtu.be/tU_0jU0mMLw)

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Advertising in Dreams is Coming: Now What? · Dream Engineering

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Molson Coors recently announced a new kind of advertising campaign. Timed for the days before Super Bowl Sunday, it was designed to infiltrate our dreams [1].