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Dogs mark their territory by peeing on things to let other animals know to back off.

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A dominant male hippo in a group will sometimes fight with other males that are disrespecting his authority or invading his groups' territory.

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A niche describes the role an organism plays in a community.

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Sharks survive based off their ability to hunt. They basically eat anything that is in the ocean, but the abundance of fish make it easy. 

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Red-tailed hawks play an important role in local ecosystems by helping to control the populations of small mammals, including rodents and rabbits. 

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Pairs may show courtship behaviors such as grooming each other, playing and wrestling, chasing each other or bumping and hip pushing each other.

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Animals may leave their scent to mark territory or attract mates.

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Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to impact the behavior of the receiving individuals.

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A kangaroo’s instinct is to protect its joeys in their sack. 

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a natural, typically fixed pattern of behavior in animals in response to certain events

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A lion teaches its cubs to hunt for food, so whenever they’re older they can do it on their own. 

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A learned behavior is something that you are taught or have learned to do.

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These baby ducks have recognized their mother duck. 

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Imprinting is to recognize a parents or other object of habitual trust.

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In this picture, the dog is learning to know that when the bell rings, food is ready. 

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Classical conditioning is a process where behaviors are learned through practicing and repetition.

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In this picture, the dog is not going to reach the bone until he unwraps himself from the tree.

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A type of learning in which the organism successively tries various responses in a situation, seemingly at random, until one is successful in achieving the goal.

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In this picture, the horse did not learn this from force but from habituation. Meaning, the more and more this became habit to the horse, the easier it got. 

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The action of habituating or the condition of being habituated.

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Birds usually migrate to regions of warmer temperatures, where food is plentiful and birds may safely create nests. 

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Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individual animals, usually on a seasonal basis.

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The mouse is getting rid of waste from its body by pooping. 

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Excretion is a process in which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism.

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The owl uses camouflage to hide and sleep in the trees. 

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Camouflage is a defense or tactic that organisms use to disguise their appearance.

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A turtle ducks into its shell for protection whenever they sense danger.

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the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation

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AIDS is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.

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Influenza is commonly called the flu, but it's not the same as stomach "flu" viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting. For most people, the flu resolves on its own.

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Influenza is a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system.

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The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.

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Tuberculosis is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs.

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A virulent strain of the fungus that arose in North America in the early 20th century has destroyed the majority of American elms in many areas.

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A fungal disease of elm trees that is spread by elm bark beetles.

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Pfiesteria complex organisms were claimed to be responsible for large fish kills in the 1980s and 1990s on the coast of North Carolina and in tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay.

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Pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills.

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One example of a mutualistic relationship is that of the oxpecker and the zebra. Oxpeckers land on rhinos or zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on their skin. The oxpeckers get food and the beasts get pest control.

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A mutualistic relationship is when two organisms of different species "work together," each benefiting from the relationship.

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Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of the intestines of animals such as cows, pigs, and humans.

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The parasite lives on or in the body of the host.

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Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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Competition occurs naturally between living organisms that coexist in the same environment.

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Water

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Food

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Territory

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An association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

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Is a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

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This fish is one of the largest in size in deep waters. It is an avid predator that feeds on fishes of all kinds making it the keystone species in deep waters. Sharks have been the regulators of life in the deep water ecosystem given that they feed on living fishes in water, the sick and the weak thus not only keeping the count of fishes manageable but also reducing the chances of diseases from the sick and dead fishes respectively.

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This is a mammal in the North Pacific Ocean, which feeds on sea urchins thus maintaining the coastal marine ecosystem. These sea urchins derive their food from kelp, which is seaweed. Kelp is the main source of food for living organisms such as snails, crabs, and geese in the ecosystem. It is for this reason that the sea otter is a keystone species.

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The consumption of the saplings by the elephant ensures that the grassland remains the same rather than turn to woodland. It reduces the number of trees and increases the spaces occupied by grass and thus, ensure enough grazing lands for the myriad of herbivores present in the savannah.

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Reptiles like snakes hide in cool, safe places until conditions are more favorable.

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Estivation is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter.

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Bears always hibernate during the winter months and come back out when it’s warmer outside. 

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Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy characterized by low body-temperature, slow breathing and heart-rate, and low metabolic rate. It most commonly occurs during winter months.

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Producers / Autotrophs: Algae & Water Weed

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Producers / Autotrophs: Algae & Water Weed

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Primary Consumers / Herbivores: Prawn, Carp, Fly, Slug, Turtle

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Primary Consumers / Herbivores: Prawn, Carp, Fly, Slug, Turtle

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Secondary Consumers: Trout, Dragonfly, Turtle, Kingfisher, Frog

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Secondary Consumers: Trout, Dragonfly, Turtle, Kingfisher, Frog

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Tertiary Consumers: Kingfisher, Frog, Snake

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Tertiary Consumers: Kingfisher, Frog, Snake

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Mushrooms are decomposers because like other fungi, they break down dead and decaying matter to make their own food. 

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Decomposes are very small, often single-celled organisms

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Worms are one of the most important soil-dwelling detritivores. They consume a large amount of organic matter and soil and are present throughout all layers of their substrate. 

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Detritivores also help speed up the decomposition process

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Vultures are one of the most effective scavengers. They only eat dead animal carcass. They remove bacteria and other poisons in the environment quickly, consuming carcasses before they decay. 

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Scavengers consume larger organisms and break them down into smaller bits which helps with decomposition.