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Student Demands from the East LA Walkouts

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Student Demands from the East LA Walkouts

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Student Demands from the East LA Walkouts

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Explore excerpts from the demands of the mostly Latinx students who led a series of school walkouts in Los Angeles in 1968.

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50th Anniversary of East L.A. Walkouts / 50th Anniversary of the East L.A. Walkouts

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In response to poor educational opportunities, students and teachers in Los Angeles begin to organize in the late 1960s. Teacher Sal Castro reflects back on the formative experience of seeing his family split up through the involuntary deportations of the 1930s. This informs his resolve to ensure better conditions for a new generation of students.

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Social Structure of the Spanish Colonies-Smithsonian Learning Lab

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Social Structure of the Spanish Colonies-Smithsonian Learning Lab

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Social Structure of the Spanish Colonies

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This collection represents the material culture that citizens acquire, regarding their race, class, and gender during the Early Colonies period. Around…

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Indigenous Peoples’ Day Resources-Zinn Education Project

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Indigenous Peoples’ Day Resources-Zinn Education Project

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Here are lessons, books, and films for teaching the truth about Columbus and Indigenous Peoples' history.

Learn more at the Abolish Columbus Day campaign page.

Many of these resources are featured in the Abolish Columbus Day packet which is available to download. The 14-page packet includes articles, sample resolutions, and a poster. Read more at www.zinnedproject.org/abolish.

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Indigenous Peoples' Day Resources - Zinn Education Project

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Here are lessons, books, and films for teaching the truth about Columbus and Indigenous Peoples' history. Learn more at the Abolish Columbus Day campaign

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Native Land Digital-Uplifting Indigenous ways of knowing and building understanding between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples - through tools like an interactive map, Teacher’s Guide, and Land & Waters Acknowledgement Guide.

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Native Land Digital-Uplifting Indigenous ways of knowing and building understanding between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples - through tools like an interactive map, Teacher’s Guide, and Land & Waters Acknowledgement Guide.

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Mapping

We strive to map Indigenous territories, treaties, and languages across the world in a way that goes beyond colonial ways of thinking in order to better represent how Indigenous people want to see themselves.

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Native Land is a resource to learn more about Indigenous territories, languages, lands, and ways of life. We welcome you to our site.

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Indigenous Peoples’ Day: Resources for Educators

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Article-The disappearance of Nory Sontay Ramos

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Article-The disappearance of Nory Sontay Ramos

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Mexican Americans During the

Great Depression

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Famous Latinos and Latinas | National Museum of the American Latino

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Learn about famous Latinos and Latinas who have helped to shape the history and culture of the United States.

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A Brief, Brutally Honest History of Latinos in Hollywood

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A Brief, Brutally Honest History of Latinos in Hollywood

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A brief, brutally honest history of Latinos in Hollywood

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As ‘In The Heights’ releases this weekend, we look back at the complicated history of Latinos in Hollywood.

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How Europeans brought sickness to the New World

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How Europeans brought sickness to the New World

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How Indigenous are Countries in the Americas

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500 years after Spanish conquest, still under 'colonial

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500 years after Spanish conquest, still under 'colonial

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domination'?

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The only Museum in the United States dedicated to modern and contemporary Latin American and Latino Art.

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The Lemon Grove Incident-Zinn Education Project

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The Lemon Grove Incident-Zinn Education Project

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On Jan. 5, 1931, Mexican-American students were barred from attending their local elementary school. The parents took the school district to court.

Read about the organizing and the court case in the article below, followed by a documentary film.
By Robert R. Alvarez Jr.
San Diego History Journal
[Some of] the earliest court cases concerning school desegregation occurred in the Southwest and California in the 1930s. In these cases Mexican immigrants and their communities were the targeted groups of segregation by school officials. A case of particular importance occurred in San Diego County during the 1930s, in the then rural community of Lemon Grove.

On January 5, 1931, Jerome T. Green, principal of the Lemon Grove Grammar School, acting under instructions from the school trustees, stood at the door and admitted all pupils except the Mexican students. Principal Green announced that the Mexican children did not belong at the school, could not enter, and instructed them to attend a two room building constructed to house Mexican children.

Dejected, embarrassed and angry, the Mexican children left the school and returned home. Instructed by their parents, they refused to attend the so-called new school that had been built for them. In the words of students of the time "It wasn't a school. It was an old building. Everyone called it 'La Caballeriza'" (the barnyard).

This was a turn of events that the school board had not counted upon. The board expected the Mexican children and families to act docile, follow orders, and attend the new school. The Mexican parents rallied together and through the Mexican Consulate, acquired legal counsel and support. The school incident became a test case of the power of the District Attorney and the school board to create a separate school for Mexican children . . .

This case, Roberto Alvarez v. the Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School District, was the first successful school desegregation court decision in the history of the United States. It is important in San Diego and U.S. history, not solely because it occurred but because the community took court action and won the case they established the rights of their children to equal education, despite local, regional and national sentiment that favored not only segregation, but the actual deportation of the Mexican population in the United States.

The case is a testimony of the San Diego Mexican community's rights and their actions towards equality in education not only for their own children, but for the Mexican population in California and the United States. [Continue reading " The Lemon Grove Incident: The Nation's First Successful Desegregation Court Case," San Diego History Journal.]

Related Resources

Bilingual picture book: Todos Iguales/All Equal: Un corrido de Lemon Grove/A Ballad of Lemon Grove Written and illustrated by Christy Hale. Lee and Low Books.

Film: The Lemon Grove Incident documentary utilizes a unique combination of dramatized scenes, documentary interviews, and historical footage to document the response of the Mexican American community in Lemon Grove, California to the 1930 school board attempt to create a segregated school for the Mexican American children of the district. By Paul Espinosa, Espinosa Productions. 1986. 58 min. Released by KPBS, the film can be viewed in full for free online.

Images from the history of the Lemon Grove Incident here.

Ballad " Lemon Grove " composed by Joe DeFilippo and performed by the R.J. Phillips Band, a group of Baltimore musicians.

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Jan. 5, 1931: Lemon Grove Incident - Zinn Education Project

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Mexican-American students were barred from attending their local elementary school. The parents took the school district to court.

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Central American Historical and Ancestral Society of California

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Central American Historical and Ancestral Society of California

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Central American Historical and Ancestral Society of California: Digital Archive

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The Central American Historical and Ancestral Society of California is dedicated to collecting, preserving, and sharing Central America’s rich and dynamic history, culture, and its people’s contributions around the world through its free digital platform accessible to all.

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WHEN WORLDS COLLIDE  PBS Complete High Resolution

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The Untold Story of the New World Meeting the Old World

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Latino, Hispanic, Latinx, Chicano: The History Behind the Terms

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Latino, Hispanic, Latinx, Chicano: The History Behind the Terms

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Terms

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California Migration Museum-Ni de Aquí, Ni de Allá

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California Migration Museum-Ni de Aquí, Ni de Allá

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Downtown LA: Ni de Aquí, Ni de Allá — California Migration Museum

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Take a walk through La Placita and down bustling Olvera Street, “a Mexican Street of Yesterday in a City of Today,” and uncover the story of millions of Mexican Americans who were coerced into leaving Los Angeles in the 1930s and how this still resonates today. Explore the living stories of migrat

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What are the stories of U.S. Latinos and how do they inform the broader American narrative? From southern Florida to the San Juan Islands of Washington state, from the pre-history of the nation through today’s most contentious issues, Latino experiences illuminate our country’s history and its struggle to live up to its ideals. This collection of lesson plans, videos and classroom resources invites teachers and students to explore the history, people and issues chronicled in the PBS series, Latino Americans. Along the way, it engages students in dramatic real-life stories and offers primary texts that serve the goals of the Common Core.
For information on Latino Americans, click here.