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S.Majury - 2017/A/186
M.Pathmakanthi - 2017/A/260
B.Nidharshani - 2017/A/229
S.Suginthan - 2017/A/413

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Organic agriculture is a production system that sustain the health of soil , ecosystem and people (IFOAM,2005)
😊it relies and ecological process biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of input with adverse effect  .
😊Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationship and quality of life for all involved.

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What is Organic Farming? | Agriculture | Biology | FuseSchool

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The four principles of organic Agriculture health, balance, fairness and care - provide a vision for agriculture that inspires environmentally friendly cultivation.

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Principles of Organic Farming

The four principles of organic agriculture are as follows:
Principle of health
Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible.

This principle points out that the health of individuals and communities cannot be separated from the health of ecosystems - healthy soils produce healthy crops that foster the health of animals and people.

Health is the wholeness and integrity of living systems. It is not simply the absence of illness, but the maintenance of physical, mental, social and ecological well-being. Immunity, resilience and regeneration are key characteristics of health.

The role of organic agriculture, whether in farming, processing, distribution, or consumption, is to sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and organisms from the smallest in the soil to human beings. In particular, organic agriculture is intended to produce high quality, nutritious food that contributes to preventive health care and well-being. In view of this it should avoid the use of fertilizers, pesticides, animal drugs and food additives that may have adverse health effects.
Principle of ecology
Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them.

This principle roots organic agriculture within living ecological systems. It states that production is to be based on ecological processes, and recycling. Nourishment and well-being are achieved through the ecology of the specific production environment. For example, in the case of crops this is the living soil; for animals it is the farm ecosystem; for fish and marine organisms, the aquatic environment.

Organic farming, pastoral and wild harvest systems should fit the cycles and ecological balances in nature. These cycles are universal but their operation is site-specific. Organic management must be adapted to local conditions, ecology, culture and scale. Inputs should be reduced by reuse, recycling and efficient management of materials and energy in order to maintain and improve environmental quality and conserve resources.

Organic agriculture should attain ecological balance through the design of farming systems, establishment of habitats and maintenance of genetic and agricultural diversity. Those who produce, process, trade, or consume organic products should protect and benefit the common environment including landscapes, climate, habitats, biodiversity, air and water.
Principle of fairness
Organic Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities.

Fairness is characterized by equity, respect, justice and stewardship of the shared world, both among people and in their relations to other living beings.

This principle emphasizes that those involved in organic agriculture should conduct human relationships in a manner that ensures fairness at all levels and to all parties - farmers, workers, processors, distributors, traders and consumers. Organic agriculture should provide everyone involved with a good quality of life, and contribute to food sovereignty and reduction of poverty. It aims to produce a sufficient supply of good quality food and other products.

This principle insists that animals should be provided with the conditions and opportunities of life that accord with their physiology, natural behavior and well-being.

Natural and environmental resources that are used for production and consumption should be managed in a way that is socially and ecologically just and should be held in trust for future generations. Fairness requires systems of production, distribution and trade that are open and equitable and account for real environmental and social costs.
Principle of care
Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations and the environment.

Organic agriculture is a living and dynamic system that responds to internal and external demands and conditions. Practitioners of organic agriculture can enhance efficiency and increase productivity, but this should not be at the risk of jeopardizing health and well-being. Consequently, new technologies need to be assessed and existing methods reviewed. Given the incomplete understanding of ecosystems and agriculture, care must be taken.

This principle states that precaution and responsibility are the key concerns in management, development and technology choices in organic agriculture. Science is necessary to ensure that organic agriculture is healthy, safe and ecologically sound. However, scientific knowledge alone is not sufficient. Practical experience, accumulated wisdom and traditional and indigenous knowledge offer valid solutions, tested by time. Organic agriculture should prevent significant risks by adopting appropriate technologies and rejecting unpredictable ones, such as genetic engineering. Decisions should reflect the values and needs of all who might be affected, through transparent and participatory processes.

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ORGANIC FARMING :: Principles in Organic Farming

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Principles of Organic Farming The four principles of organic agriculture are as follows: Principle of health Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible.

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1. It create higher natural levels of resistances to pests and disease.
2. Organic farming allows for specialization opportunities
3. Support a healthier soil
4. The working environment for organic farmers is healthier

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1. To maintain the long term fertility of the soil
2. To reduce the input cost
3. To effectively utilize the natural resources
4. To avoid all forms of pollution caused by agriculture techniques
5. To provide a quality foodstuff
6.The aim of organic agriculture is to maintain optimum soil health and thus making the soil capable of supplying all essential nutrients to crop for it's proper growth and development.

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No matter how much a man progresses, agriculture is an occupation that was, is and will always be undertaken, since it suffices one of the most important basic needs of the population, which is Food. Hence, technology is added in this field to find ways to increase agricultural production in order to feed the ever-growing demand for food due to the drastic increase in population. Therefore, many new ways and methods are being introduced in this field to harvest and cultivate the best quality crops.

Organic farming can be explained as an agricultural method wherein the following techniques are used:

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1. There are no subsidies offered for most organic farmers
2. It requires more work to produce goods that are ready for sale
3. There are unique marketing challenges in place organic goods

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😊Ancient Agriculture has started 1000 years ago. as a reaction to agriculture's growing reliance on synthetic fertilizer and pesticide, the Organic movement began in the early 1900s.
😊The modern organic movement  seeks to restore balance that was lost when technology grew rapidly in the 19th and 20th centuries.
😊Increasing  environmental awareness in the general population
premium prices and governmental subsidy financially encourage organic movement
In modern civilization organic agriculture was re introduced from 1924 in developed countries that was modern way.

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Following are the mentioned below advantages of organic farming.
1.farmers can reduce their production costs because            they do not need to buy experiensive chemicals and            fertilizers.
2. Healthier farm workers.
3.They improve plant growth and physiological activities
Of plants.
4.in the long term, organic farms save energy and protect      the environment.
5. It can slow down global warming.
6. There is an increasing consumer are willing to pay more  for organic foods.
7.fever residues in food.
8.more animals and plants can live in the same place in a      natural way.this is called biodiversity.
9. pollution of ground water is stopped.
10.they reduce the need for purchased inputs.
11.food tastes better.
12.foods keeps longer.
13. organic fertilizer is considered as complete planet             food.
14. organic manures produce optimal condition in the soil        for high yeilds and good quality crops.

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Organic farming yields such vital benefits as preservation of soil's organic composition. organic farmers utilize practices that:maintain and improve fertility, soil structure and biodiversity, and reduce erosion.
The general principles of organic production include the following:
1. protect the environment, minimize soil degradation and      erosion, decrease pollution,optimize biological                      productivity and promote a sound state of health.
2. maintain long- term soil fertility by optimizing                        conditions for biological activity within the soil.
3. maintain biological diversity within the system.
4.recycle materials and resources to the greatest extent       possible within the Enterprise.
5.provide attentive care that promotes the health and             meets the behavioural needs of livestock.
6. prepare organic products,emphasizing careful                      processing,and handling methods in order to maintain        the organic integrity and vital qualities of the products        at all stages of production.
7.rely on renewable resources in locally organized                   a systems.

Organic farming presents many challenges.some crops are more challenging than others to grow organically; however, nearly every commodity can be  produced organically.

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Top ten state area under organic framing for the year  2017

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Top ten state area under organic framing for the year  2017

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https://www.organicwithoutboundaries.bio/2019/02/28/organic-agriculture-statistics-book-2019/