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Oliver Maimesbury was the first person to use wings to fly. After flying 125 paces, he fell and broke both legs.

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He was famous for his paintings and his flying inventions ideas. But he could not make it because there was very little knowledge about metals not many people knew about how things work. He used birds wings for models.

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Denis Bolor of France attempted flight with wings he made move with a spring mechanism. The spring broke and Bolor died.

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A notoriously shy man, Cavendish was nonetheless distinguished for great accuracy and precision in his researches into the composition of atmospheric air, the properties of different gases, the synthesis of water, the law governing electrical attraction and repulsion, a mechanical theory of heat, and calculations of the density (and hence the mass) of the Earth.

His experiment to measure the density of the Earth has come to be known as the Cavendish experiment.

In 1766, he published a paper which he wrote about Factitious Air.

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French brothers Joseph-Michel Montgolfier (1740 – 1810) and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier (1745 – 1799) were the inventors of the first practical hot air balloon.

The first free (non tethered) human flight took place on November 21, 1783, by science teacher Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent, Marquis d’Arlandes. The flight began from the grounds of the Château de la Muette in the western outskirts of Paris. They flew aloft about 3,000 feet (910 m) above Paris for a distance of about 5.6 miles (9 km). After 25 minutes, the balloon landed outside the city ramparts on the Butte-aux-Cailles.

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December 1, 1783 – Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first unmanned hydrogen-filled gas balloon in August 1783; then in December 1783, Charles and his co-pilot Nicolas-Louis Robert ascended to a height of about 1,800 feet (550 m) in a manned gas balloon.

Their pioneering use of hydrogen for lift led to this type of balloon being named a Charlière. Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles flew more than 36 kilometers 3,500 meters in the air for the first solo hot-air balloon flight.

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born December 27, 1773, Scarborough, Yorkshire, England—died December 8, 1854, English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft.In 1799, he set forth the concept of the modern aeroplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control.

He was a pioneer of aeronautical engineering and is sometimes referred to as "the father of aviation."[ He discovered and identified the four forces which act on a heavier-than-air flying vehicle: weight, lift, drag and thrust.

Modern aeroplane design is based on those discoveries and on the importance of cambered wings, also identified by Cayley. In 1804, Sir George Cayley built and flew the first model glider which was reliably reported to carry a human aloft. He correctly predicted that sustained flight would not occur until a lightweight engine was developed to provide adequate thrust and lift.

The Wright brothers acknowledged his importance to the development of aviation.

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Francis Herbert Wenham, delivered a paper, “Aerial Locomotion,” which became an aviation classic.

Wenham built a model of a five-wing aircraft that he did not manage to fly successfully, but his lecture brought John Stringfellow out of retirement to redesign Henson’s Ariel as a tri-wing aeroplane. In 1866 he patented the design, which became the basis for biplanes, triplanes and multiplanes that took to the air as gliders in the 1890s, and as airplanes in the early decades of the 20th century.

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Inventor John Stringfellow achieved the seemingly impossible when his steam-powered aeroplane flew the length of a disused lace mill in the centre of town.

The town's museum has a unique exhibition of flight before the advent of the internal combustion engine and before the manned, powered flight made famous by the Wright Brothers. Stringfellow also invented and patented compact electric batteries, which were used in early medical treatment. Stringfellow's work was featured in an exhibition in 1868 at The Crystal Palace in London.

Stringfellow's first powered flight achievement was referenced in the 1965 movie The Flight of the Phoenix.

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Horatio Phillips worked to invent curved airfoil shapes, discovering the secret to soaring flight.
Phillips believed that multiple stacked wing planes (or "sustainers" as he called them), in "Venetian blind" configuration, offered advantages. His 1893 Flying Machine had 50 lifting surfaces and used his patented "double-surface airfoils".

His 1904 Multiplane was a development of the 1893 test vehicle in a configuration that could be flown by a person. It had 21 wings and had a tail for stability, but was unable to achieve sustained flight. Its best performance was 50 ft. A specially made replica of the 1904 machine appears in the opening sequences of the 1965 film Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines.

1907 Flying Machine.

His 1907 Multiplane, which had 200 individual airfoils and was powered by a 22 hp engine driving a 7 ft propeller achieved a 500 ft flight on 6 April 1907. This was the first flight of its kind in England, although it was preceded by the Wright brothers by several years.

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Otto Lilienthal flew more than 25 meters by launching himself from a high board. This flight was the first safe and repeatable glide.

On 9 August 1896, Lilienthal went, as on previous weekends, to the Rhinow Hills. The day was very sunny and not too hot (about 20 °C, or 68 °F). The first flights were successful, reaching a distance of 250 metres (820 ft) in his normal glider. During the fourth flight Lilienthal's glide pitched forward, heading down quickly. Lilienthal had previously had difficulty in recovering from this position because the glider relied on weight shift which was difficult to achieve when pointed at the ground. His attempts failed and he fell from a height of about 15 metres (49 ft), while still in the glider.

Otto Lilienthal died a few days later from his fall because his glider went out of ontrol.

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The Wright Brothers were two American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful motor-operated airplane.

October 22, 1900 – Wilbur and Orville Wright made their initial glider flight.

December 17, 1903 – The Wright Flyer became airborne for 12 seconds, flying 121 feet to become the first powered, manned, and controlled flight.

October 4, 1905 – The Wright Brothers flew the Flyer III 24.2 miles in just over 38 minutes.

February 8, 1908 – The United States War Department finalized a contract with Orville and Wilbur Wright to buy one flying machine for $25,000.

May 25, 1910 – The Wright Brothers flew together for the only time ever in Ohio on a short flight.

May 30, 1912 – Wilbur Wright died at the age of 45.

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Quarter-size model of the aerodrome in flight August 8, 1903

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Very few people today realize that Samuel P. Langley almost succeeded with inventing the airplane before the Wright brothers.

In 1887, Langley continued his research into flying and eventually developed his "aerodrome" or flying machine.

In 1895, work on fine-tuning aerodrome five and building number six brought Langley closer to his goal. Number five was launched and it flew. A second launch resulted in another successful flight. It flew three circles to the left and climbed about sixty feet. But, before making any announcements, he wanted to test his theories further. After a trip to Europe, Langley resumed his tests with number six. This craft flew forty-eight hundred feet in less than two minutes. He continued to tinker with wing design, tandem wings, engines, and so forth.

President McKinley became interested in Langley's work and later a grant of $50,000 from the War Department enabled Langley to continue his work on a larger scale. Aerodromes five and six only flew a total of three times in 1896.

On a cold early December 1903 day, the aerodrome was launched from the houseboat. Again, the aerodrome made a crash landing in the cold river. Langley's aerodrome failed again and Langley would not try to fly again.

Few days later, after Samuel's failed attempts, the Wright Brothers flew successfully on December 17th, 1903.

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The first Zeppelin airship was designed by Ferdinand, Graf von Zeppelin, a retired German army officer, and made its initial flight from a floating hangar on Lake Constance, near Friedrichshafen, Germany, on July 2, 1900.

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He made history by designing the world's first successful manned rotary wing aircraft.

November 13, 1907 – Paul Cornu flew the first helicopter for 20 seconds, keeping it one foot from the ground. His manned helicopter was powered by a 24 horsepower (18 kW) Antoinette engine.

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8th July 1908 – Madame Therese Peltier became the first woman to fly alone in an airplane.

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March 1910 - Hamilton is touring the country as part of a nationwide tour sponsored by aviation pioneer and airplane manufacturer Glenn Curtiss (1878-1930). The air show in Seattle does not go well.

June 1910 – Charles W. Hamilton made the first night flight in the United States.

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September 23, 1913 – Roland Garros flew across the Mediterranean Sea for the first time.

Garros took off from Fréjus in the south of France onboard a Morane-Saulnier monoplane. He landed 7 hours and 53 minutes later in Bizerte in Tunisia, after a flight of almost 800km. Having left France with more than 200 litres of full in his tank, less than 10 litres were left on arrival the other side of the sea !

Born in the French island of Reunion in 1888, he participated in aviation competitions and airshows and broke the world record of altitude in a powered aeroplane in 1912 (see below). He enrolled in the French army as a fighter pilot at the outbreak of World War I and died after his plane was shot down by the Germans in 1918.

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Germany used  Zeppelins for reconnaissance over the North Sea and Baltic and also for strategic bombing raids over Britain and the Eastern Front.

Typical 1914 aircraft could carry only very small bomb loads

The war started on 28th July, 1914.
World War 1 started on 28th July 1914 and would carry on for the next 4 years.

The war ended on 11th November, 1918.
World War 1 finally ended in 1918.

The war started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated.
It all started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his pregnant wife Sophie were assassinated. Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria and Hungary.

Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for this and so declared war.
Other countries then joined in. This is when countries from across the world made a pact to help each other in the war.

4. The war was against The Allies and Central Powers.
During the war, countries made a pact to help each other. The two sides were called the Allies and the Central Powers.

Soldiers lived in trenches. These were ditches that they had to dig out of the ground.

The conditions were terrible and many soldiers got ill from living there.

This is where they lived and tried to make advances on the opposition.

The opposition also had their own trenches. The land between the two was called ‘No Man’s Land’.
This is where battles took place. It also had lots of barbed wire and sometimes land mines which were very dangerous.

There were lots of major battles.
A lot of the time, the two sides would fight from across the trenches.

However, there were some major battles during the war.

Some of these were…

Battle of Tannenberg

First Battle of Marne

Battle of Gallipoli

Battle of Verdun

Battle of Jutland

Battle of Somme

The War finished when Germany signed The Armistice.
The war finished when Germany signed something called an Armistice.

This is basically an agreement for peace and to stop the war immediately.

They agreed to do this as they realised they wouldn’t be able to win the war.

This was down to a lot of different things, including the USA turning against them, their Navy was on strike and the opposition had a strong fight.

The Allies won World War 1.

After a long four years at war, The Allies won the war. The Allies were also known as The Entente Powers.

Everyone celebrated in the street when they heard the news.
The Victoria Cross award was given to war heroes.

The Victoria Cross award is awarded to the armed forces.

It is awarded for extreme bravery.

There were 628 awarded during World War 1, so as you can probably tell there were a lot of heroes.

William Hackett won the award for not leaving an injured colleague behind whilst they were on a tunnelling mission.

Noel Chavasse won two medals for his bravery in rescuing soldiers from No Man’s Land.

Remembrance Day is on 11th November each year.
Each year on 11th November it is Remembrance Day.

This is when everyone wears a red poppy.
This is a day where we remember everyone in the armed forces who fought and lost their lives during the war.

These countries also wanted to fight to make sure they kept their territories safe.

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Lindbergh, Charles Augustus (1902-1974), an American aviator, made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean on May 20-21, 1927. Other pilots had crossed the Atlantic before him. But Lindbergh was the first person to do it alone nonstop.

Lindbergh's feat gained him immediate, international fame. The press named him "Lucky Lindy" and the "Lone Eagle." Americans and Europeans idolized the shy, slim young man and showered him with honors.

April 20, 1930 – Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow set a speed record flying from Los Angeles to New York in 14 hours and 45 minutes.

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Frank Whittle was an English engineer, inventor and Royal Air Force (RAF) air officer. He is famous for inventing the turbojet engine.

Despite limited funding, a prototype was created, which first ran in 1937. Official interest was forthcoming following this success, with contracts being placed to develop further engines, but the continuing stress seriously affected Whittle's health, eventually resulting in a nervous breakdown in 1940. In 1944 when Power Jets was nationalised he again suffered a nervous breakdown, and resigned from the board in 1946.

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Amelia Earhart was an American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean alone in May 20-21, 1932. She set many other records, was one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences.

During an attempt at becoming the first female to complete a flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. The two were last seen in Lae, New Guinea, on July 2, 1937, on the last land stop before Howland Island and one of their final legs of the flight.

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The Hindenburg disaster was an airship accident that occurred on May 6, 1937, in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. The German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst. The accident caused 35 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen) from the 97 people on board (36 passengers and 61 crewmen), and an additional fatality on the ground.

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The United States produced more than 300,000 airplanes in World War II. Below are 25 of the most celebrated types, most of them still flying today.

The 25 airplanes are:
J-3 Cub/L-4 Grasshopper ★ PT-17/N2S Stearman ★ T-6 Texan ★ AT-11 Kansan ★ P-40 Warhawk ★ B-25 Mitchell ★ P-39 Airacobra ★ P-63 Kingcobra ★ PBY Catalina ★ F4F Wildcat ★ TBD Devastator ★ SBD Dauntless ★ P-38 Lightning ★ B-24 Liberator ★ P-51 Mustang ★ B-17 Flying Fortress ★ C-47/R4D Skytrain ★ B-26 Marauder ★ A-26 Invader ★ F6F Hellcat ★ TBM Avenger ★ SB2C Helldiver ★ P-47 Thunderbolt ★ F4U/FG-1D Corsair ★ B-29 Superfortress

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The de Havilland DH.106 Comet was the world's first commercial jet airliner. Developed and manufactured by de Havilland at its Hatfield Aerodrome in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, the Comet 1 prototype first flew in 1949. It featured an aerodynamically clean design with four de Havilland Ghost turbojet engines buried in the wing roots, a pressurised cabin, and large square windows. For the era, it offered a relatively quiet, comfortable passenger cabin

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Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the USSR on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It orbited for three weeks before its batteries died and then orbited silently for two months before it fell back into the atmosphere on 4 January 1958. It belongs to Russia.

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May 5, 1961 – Freedom 7 launched with Alan Shepard aboard, becoming the first human space flight.

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Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin formed the American crew that landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969

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January 1970 – The Boeing 747 began passenger service.

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Expanded satellite use (late 20th century)

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Expanded satellite use (late 20th century)