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TITLE OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE/ TOPIC, IF UNAVAILABLE 

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TITLE OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE/ TOPIC, IF UNAVAILABLE 

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screenshot of the questionnaire/s (ONE OR TWO) 

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screenshot of the questionnaire/s (ONE OR TWO) 

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[photo]

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description of the mistakes/ concerns; BE SPECIFIC 

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description of the mistakes/ concerns; BE SPECIFIC 

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AT LEAST TWO ONLY

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Maybe they should include currency...

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Maybe the scaling can be reduced to 1 to 5

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1. The options are not appropriate for the given items.
2. There are no descriptions of what the questionnaire is about before the instructions.
3. Grammatical errors which may lead to confusion for the respondents.
3. Item 2 is phrased in a negative manner which may affect the respondents' feelings.
4. The reason stated in item 14 is too specific. Some respondents who would agree that they cannot do their homework would have other reasons other than playing football.

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Changes in life related behavior during COVID-19

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Changes in life related behavior during COVID-19

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The questions contain two concepts that the participants could have different answers for. The participants could have a different answer for "meals" and "snacks" which is why they should be separated into two questions.

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The instruction does not contain where to put the participants' answers. Whether in a different sheet of paper? beside the question?

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Managing study time and completing assignments on time are two different concepts thus, it should be separated

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2) Grammar, sentence structure and choice of words

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2) Grammar, sentence structure and choice of words

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Wrong grammar and sentence structure make the statements difficult to read and understand. Using the word "online" instead of "internet" would be better.

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1. Questions are not numbered properly
2. Spacing of the choices (yes/no) are not consistent
3. Third question contains multiple questions. Must be separated

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1. The questionnaire is poorly organized

2. One of the text is unnecessarily long.

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Tetherdness to technology and work and family support

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Tetherdness to technology and work and family support

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1. Grammatical errors
2. Questions are only answerable by a yes or no. Likert scale is not appropriate for the questionnaire.

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TEACHERS ATTITUDE towards CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL ONLINE TEACHERS ALONG SELECTED DIMENSIONS

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TEACHERS ATTITUDE towards CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL ONLINE TEACHERS ALONG SELECTED DIMENSIONS

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1. There is no main question (eg. How often do you use these teaching strategies?)

2. Questions 2 and 3 are double-barreled questions

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1. The first question has nothing to do with the other questions.
2. The question about percentages does not relate to the previous one.
4. The question about learning disabilities is unrelated to the questions about finance.
3. The last question about which class to take is unrelated to other questions.

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Mistakes
1. Questions are not sufficient/enough to gather substantial data.
2. To be more specific, a reference period should be included.
3. The structure is unclear, and people may be hesitant to answer personal questions.

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1. The purpose of the research survey is not stated. Researchers should have given a short overview of the research purpose so that the participants are aware of what questions are they expecting to answer.

2. The example under the instructions do not correspond to each other. In the instructions it says to write the number but in the given example it does not accurately display it (ex.: never= 1 ; always=4). Nevertheless the survey is poorly constructed. refer to following photo.

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3. The format of the questionnaire is poorly constructed. Since the respondents need to judge on a given scale, researchers should have used the Likert scale instead of blanks. This way it is easier to collect data.

4. Poor choice of words in the questions (ex.: "in tune") and should be specific. Avoid double-barred questions (ex.: no.8 and no.9)
5. A reference period should have been considered in the questions
6. Some questions are repetitive (ex.: no.3, no.19 and no.20)

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1. These questions are uncomfortable to answer. It is better to provide ranges of their salaries, expenses, and the money they remit instead of asking for a specific amount.

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2. Graphical inconsistency is observed with how the questions and statements were indented. It does not look appealing.

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3. The survey lacks structure. As seen from the screenshots provided, the questions and statements are not numbered. It will be hard for the respondent to refer back to unanswered questions.

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1. Question number 1 has overlapping answer options
2. Question number 3 is double-barreled. The person answering the survey may also find it timely, but not courteous.

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1. Inappropriate words used such Question 4, “I can then save myself from chaos of traffic” may be rephrased as “I avoid traffic”

2. Repetitive phrases used, “I shop online as I….”

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MISTAKES:
1. Questions 1-3 does not relate to Customer Satisfaction.
2. Question 8 has a grammatical error, Cannot be understood easily.

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MISTAKES:
1. The question has nothing to do with the job application.
2. The person answering the questionnaire might feel offended or uncomfortable.

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Question 5
1) The question is not cleary showing the purpose of itself.
2) The question is not really related to the topic of the questionnaire.

Additional mistakes
1) Question 4 would be better to remove 1 that.
2) Question 6 would be better to change ISI mark into other word (necessary information about products) since people are not really aware of that word.

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Informing turner girls of the medical condition

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Informing turner girls of the medical condition

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- Date was not specified. it should be: what year or what exact date

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- Description about the topic and instructions were not placed in the survey.

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Are sleeping positions and personality interlinked?

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Are sleeping positions and personality interlinked?

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1. Some of the questions are not in question form (Primary sleeping position)

2. The questions are not numbered

3. The topics of the questionaire jumps back and forth (Sleep-related questions to personality questions to sleep-related questions)

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https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/development-and-validation-of-a-questionnaire-to-evaluate-the-impact-of-covid-on-lifestyle-related-behaviors-eating-habits-activity-and-sleep-behavior/7976FE2BB30EA0D0CA7A6785A9514869

1. It's not structured right. Wherein the the format or structure of the questionnaire should be designed in a way that the respondents can always easily find their way through and can see where they are in the process.
2. There are questions that are too long

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COVID-19 pandemic is a global burden that has far-reaching medical, social and behavioural implications. Evidence from past outbreaks has shown that as a pandemic evolves it has substantial impact on the lifestyle-related behaviours, which in turn poses a challenge in the maintenance of health and nutritional status(Reference Naja and Hamadeh1). The measures taken to contain the virus such as confinement and self-isolation might promote unhealthy behaviour (poor diet, sedentariness, less physical activity and disturbed sleep pattern) and distress that can potentially contribute to obesity and associated cardiometabolic risks(Reference Martinez-Ferran, de la Guía-Galipienso and Sanchis-Gomar2). It is important to understand the extent of changes in lifestyle-related behaviours and its underlying COVID-19 specific reasons to counteract these changes for maintenance of optimal health status at individual and community level. Of late, a couple of studies have used online surveys to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours. Although such online surveys yield data in a short period of time, they suffer the limitation of using a non-validated set of questionnaires(Reference Di Renzo, Gualtieri and Pivari3). Few studies have used a comprehensive list of valid questionnaires to assess significant lifestyle-related behaviour(Reference Ammar, Brach and Trabelsi4,Reference Gallo, Gallo and Young5) . Although valid and reliable, they are more complex to administer and lack information on issues and challenges specific to the current pandemic situation.

There is a paucity of validated questionnaires that can assess the lifestyle-related changes specific to COVID-19 pandemic. We undertook this study to develop and validate an easy to administer and concise tool that will help health practitioners and researchers to understand the lifestyle changes experienced by individuals during the pandemic.

Methodology

In this study, a mixed methods design was used for development and validation of the questionnaire. A standardised methodology was implemented in two phases: phase 1 (qualitative phase) for development of a questionnaire and phase 2 (quantitative phase) for validation of the questionnaire.

Results

The final questionnaire after the expert evaluation and pre-testing for content and face validity and establishing internal consistency has three sections (shown in Box 1) and is freely available for use. Section A comprises questions relating to general information and demographic data, self-reported anthropometric data and one question of change in weight status during COVID-19. Section B consists of two parts with twenty-four items in each. Part A (A1 to A24) assesses the baseline lifestyle-related behaviours such as eating habits, physical activity and sleep pattern, and Part B (B1 to B24) evaluates changes in different lifestyle-related behaviours during the pandemic. The domain on eating behaviour consists of twelve items on meal pattern, portion size, frequency of meals, food group consumption pattern, emotional eating and intake of high fat, salt and sugar foods and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption. The domain on physical activity pattern has six items focusing on different components of activity such as aerobic exercise, involvement in household chores, leisure-related activity, work-related sitting time and screen time. Two items were for sleep patterns, one item for daily stress levels and two items for stress-related addictive behaviours such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Section C has six items assessing the perceived COVID-19 specific reasons for changes in lifestyle-related behaviours.

Discussion

COVID-19 outbreak and measures of its containment has an evident impact on the lifestyle-related behaviour in the population(Reference Narayanan, Pandit and Basu10). Guidelines related to confinement have led to changes in daily lifestyle-related behaviours especially eating habits, physical activity and sleep pattern in a way that promotes weight gain and increases associated cardiometabolic risk. Experts believe that these lifestyle-related predictors of weight gain and cardiometabolic risk are modifiable and should be screened and addressed during COVID-19 to prevent obesity and maintain general well-being(Reference Bhutani and Cooper11). We have developed an easy to use and practical tool to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours. It is a concise and comprehensive questionnaire that enables quick assessment of important components of lifestyle-related behaviours amongst adults.

In current literature, a number of studies have assessed the changes in pre-pandemic eating, activity and sleep behaviours through rapid surveys. These surveys have broadly used two methods of assessment: (1) self-reported online survey and (2) comprehensive list of validated tools to assess different lifestyle-related behaviours(Reference DiGennaro, Pizzol and Marotta12). Questionnaire-based online surveys are easy to administer and might be fairly accurate. An Italian survey to assess daily lifestyle changes during lockdown combined Mediterranean diet adherence screener with a structured questionnaire on other eating and activity behaviours such as meal frequency, snacking, sugar sweetened beverage consumption, smoking and alcohol consumption and sport(Reference Di Renzo, Gualtieri and Pivari3). Such assessment methods can be used for preliminary survey as these might not be truly reliable and valid to measure the changes in the lifestyle-related behaviours during COVID-19. On the other hand, a compiled list of valid and reliable scales for different behaviours such as International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity, Perceived Stress Scale for stress might lack specificity to current COVID-19 scenario(Reference Zachary, Brianna and Brianna13). Questionnaire to assess the problems faced by specific target groups such as older adults in maintenance of daily activity has also been developed and administered(Reference Cawthon, Orwoll and Ensrud14). The administration of a number of valid scales might also be difficult due to high participant burden. The questionnaire developed in our study is based on significant aspects of eating, activity and sleep behaviour specific to COVID-19 with lower participant burden.

A unique feature of the developed questionnaire is that it assesses the reasons for changes in the corrective/faulty eating, activity and sleep practices. To our knowledge, there is no available questionnaire that addresses these factors related to lifestyle changes during COVID-19. Factors such as less eating out, preference of home cooked food, involvement in at-home workouts with family members and availability of time were associated with desirable eating and activity behaviours during COVID-19. Besides, the fear of coronavirus infection, lack of knowledge and motivation, lack of access to fruits and vegetables and social restrictions leading to closure of fitness centres were prime reasons for adapting unhealthy lifestyle practices. The sudden and disproportionate increase of pandemic fear amongst people followed by loss of work and financial restraints were the most probable reasons for higher reported stress and anxiety levels. Past pandemics have shown that their impact on lifestyle and mental health can last longer and have greater impact than the pandemic itself(Reference Shigemura, Ursano and Morganstein15). Moreover, it is also seen that weight gain due to positive calorie balance can be a risk factor for development of COVID-19 infections and should be assessed using different tools available in literature(Reference Ranjan, Kumar and Chowdhury16,Reference Reethesh, Ranjan and Arora17) .

The scope of useful application of this questionnaire is manifolds in the current scenario. First, the questionnaire can be used to identify the risk factors related to increasing dual burden of malnutrition and obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. Second, it can be utilised as a tool to gather lifestyle-related data while screening lifestyle-related disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver in regular clinical practices at the assessment stage(Reference Chopra, Malhotra and Ranjan18). Third, it can be used for future research to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviours, results of which can drive clinical practitioners and policy makers to formulate COVID-19 specific recommendations to promote healthy lifestyle-related behaviours(Reference Chopra, Ranjan and Singh19).

Some limitations of this study are - inadequate representativeness from lower socio-economic strata, although efforts were made to include a diverse population; possibilities of reporting bias due to web-based survey; inability to establish predictive and concurrent validity which would require a long-term follow-up.

In conclusion, the questionnaire developed in this study provides a reliable and valid tool to assess lifestyle-related changes experienced during COVID-19 in comparison with pre-pandemic behaviours and also the probable reasons for these changes. This questionnaire has the potential to identify the specific domains of lifestyle-related behaviours that have been negatively impacted during pandemic, potentially resulting in shifting focus on implementing strategies to practice corrective behaviours. Responses from this questionnaire can also help to create awareness about the impact of COVID-19 on daily lifestyles and drive public health recommendations.

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Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours: eating habits, activity and sleep behaviour | Public Health Nutrition | Cambridge Core

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COVID-19 pandemic is a global burden that has far-reaching medical, social and behavioural implications. Evidence from past outbreaks has shown that as a pandemic evolves it has substantial impact on the lifestyle-related behaviours, which in turn poses a challenge in the maintenance of health and nutritional status(Reference Naja and Hamadeh1).

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1. no specific description about what the questionnaire is about
2. Another is no main instructions

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1. The online questionnaire provides less instructions and descriptions. Some questions are also abstract and include less information.
2. The questionnaire is not respondent-friendly. Some questions have plenty of choices. It is also very long covering 55 questions and 15 screens/page. The respondents will also have to jump back and forth in the questionnaire.
3. The type of language is not also consistent. Some questions ask for a scale, some are open ended, some are yes or no.
4. A thank you statement or a clear deadline was not also seen for the questionnaire.

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1. It doesn't provide short definitions or explanations.
2. Contains double barrelled questions (Q10).

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Social Impact of COVID-19 Survey Questionnaire

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Social Impact of COVID-19 Survey Questionnaire