# data[].attributes.headline
Whites surveyd about wealth edge over blacks

# data[].attributes.subject
Whites surveyd about wealth edge over blacks

# data[].attributes.body
This article talks about a study that asked white people if they new how much money black families earned and accumulates compares to white families, the resutls showed that most whites are unaware of the huge wealth gap between black and white families; black families earn just $57.30 for every $100 in income earned by white families, according to the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey and for every $100 in white family wealth, black families hold just $5.04. This proves systematic rascism because it not only shows how black families have way lower incomes and savings than white families but is shows that white people are unaware of the inequality. Acoording to the video of Systematic racism explained this shows how white families are way more priviledged when it comes to economic oportunities.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Yale researchers suspected that many people would not get the answers right.

"I'm a person who studies inequality, who should really know how inequality looks," said one of the psychologists, Michael Kraus, who researches the behaviors and beliefs that help perpetuate inequality. "And I look at the black-white gap, and I'm shocked at the magnitude."

Black families in America earn just $57.30 for every $100 in income earned by white families, according to the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey. For every $100 in white family wealth, black families hold just $5.04.

If Mr. Kraus, of all people, is taken aback by these numbers, what are the odds that most Americans have a good understanding of them? The answer, he and his colleagues fear, has broad implications for how we understand our society and what we're willing to do to make it fairer.

Americans, and higher-income whites in particular, vastly overestimate progress toward economic equality between blacks and whites, the psychologists reported Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Americans believe that blacks and whites are more equal today than they truly are on measures of income, wealth, wages and health benefits. And they believe more historical progress has occurred than is the case, suggesting "a profound misperception of and unfounded optimism" regarding racial equality.

"It seems that we've convinced ourselves - and by 'we' I mean Americans writ large - that racial discrimination is a thing of the past," said Jennifer Richeson, who was another of the study's authors, along with Julian Rucker, a doctoral student. "We've literally overcome it, so to speak, despite blatant evidence to the contrary."

To understand how people have perceived that progress, the researchers asked blacks and whites of varying income levels to estimate answers to the questions above in both recent years and historically. They also asked about how much black workers with a high school diploma but no college degree earn relative to whites of the same education level, and how the earnings of blacks and whites with a four-year college degree compare.

The present-day results, aggregated across several surveys used in the study, are compared here with actual government data:

For every $100 in white family wealth, income or individual wages, respondents were asked how much they believe average black families and workers have.

Why would people get these questions so wrong - and consistently in the direction of too much optimism? (This study was also conducted after the 2016 election.) Blacks overestimated equality, too, but the biggest effects were among wealthy whites.

The researchers suspect that the answer in part has to do with how little exposure Americans have to people who are unlike them. Given how economically and racially segregated the country remains, many Americans, and especially wealthy whites, have little direct knowledge of what life looks like for families in other demographic groups.

But the pattern this study identifies isn't simply about lack of access to accurate information. As Mr. Kraus points out, popular videos and charts regularly circulate on social media highlighting the startling levels of inequality in America. And yet, many people who click on them forget about the severity of inequality just long enough to be surprised by it again in the future.

"Despite this information being out there, we don't really take it in," Mr. Kraus said. This happens "in a way that suggests that maybe we're motivated to forget it, or motivated to distort it in our own minds."

He and Ms. Richeson suspect that we also overgeneralize from other markers of racial progress: the election of a black president, the passage of civil rights laws, the sea change in public opinion around issues like segregation. If society has progressed in these ways, we assume there's been great economic progress, too.

We're inclined, as well, to believe that society is fairer than it really is. The reality that it's not - that even college-educated black workers earn about 20 percent less than college-educated white ones, for example - is uncomfortable for both blacks who've been harmed by that unfairness and whites who've benefited from it.

"It's very difficult to consider the possibility that some of what we've achieved or gained is due to forces that aren't our own individual hard work," Ms. Richeson said. "That's hard to grapple with, especially in American society. We really believe in egalitarianism and meritocracy."

These findings suggest that the motivation to see the world as fair may be even stronger in this context than stereotypes white Americans hold, for instance, equating blacks with poverty.

The researchers found in some additional surveys that whites answer these questions more accurately when they're first asked to consider an America where discrimination persists. If we want people to have a better understanding of racial inequality, this implies that the solution isn't simply to parrot these statistics more widely. It's to get Americans thinking more about the forces that underlie them, like continued discrimination in hiring, or disparities in mortgage lending.

It's a myth that racial progress is inevitable, Ms. Richeson said. "But it's also dangerous insofar as it keeps us blind to considerable inequality in our nation that's quite foundational," she said. "Of course we can't address it if we're not even willing to acknowledge it."

And if we're not willing to acknowledge it, she adds, that has direct consequences for whether Americans are willing to support affirmative action policies, or continued enforcement of the Voting Rights Act, or renewed efforts at school desegregation.

Sources: Census data from Current Population Survey 2010 (family wealth); 2013 (family income); 2015 (high school and college wages). Perceptions from "The Misperception of Racial Economic Equality," by M. Kraus, J. Rucker and J. Richeson, PNAS.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Whites Have Huge Wealth Edge Over Blacks (but Don't Know It)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Yale researchers suspected that many people would not get the answers right. "I'm a person who studies inequality, who should really know how inequality looks," said one of the psychologists, Michael Kraus, who researches the behaviors and beliefs that help perpetuate inequality. "And I look at the black-white gap, and I'm shocked at the magnitude."

# data[].attributes.body
This article has a timline of black deaths caused by the police. This is evidence that the police is being systematicaly rascist since they are using excesive force specifically against black people, this is a list of the major incidents of police brutality since 2014. According to the pyramid of theconcious kid this is covert white supremacy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
George Floyd: Timeline of black deaths and protests

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A look back at the deaths of black Americans since the emergence of Black Lives Matter.

# data[].attributes.headline
Median wealth of black, hispanic and white women compared

# data[].attributes.subject
Median wealth of black, hispanic and white women compared

# data[].attributes.body
This article talks about a study that revealed that the median wealth for single black women is of $100, for single hispanic women is of $120, and for single white women is of $41,000. This is evidence of sytematic rascism because this proves how white woman have way better job opportunities than black woman and are more likely to have a better quality of life. According to the youtube video Systemic Racism Explained this is systematic rascism because it shows how white women have better economic situations than black women.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
While the nation's official unemployment rate stands at 9.7 percent, it is nearly 16 percent among African Americans and 12.4 percent among Latinos. The impact of the recession has also been particularly hard on African American and Latino workers due to the longstanding wealth gap in the country. For every dollar of wealth owned by the typical white family, the typical family of color owns only 16 cents. And for single women of color, the wealth gap is far wider.

Earlier this week, the Insight Center for Community Economic Development released a report on the gender wealth gap to mark International Women's Day.

We're joined in Boston right now by the chief author of the report, Mariko Lin Chang. She is the author of the forthcoming book Shortchanged: Why Women Have Less Wealth and What Can Be Done About It.

And here with us in New York, Nicole Mason. She's the executive director of the Women of Color Policy Network at the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University. Last year she published a study called "Race, Gender and the Recession."

We welcome you both to Democracy Now! Mariko Lin Chang, let's begin with you. You authored this latest report. Go through these numbers again, but start by talking about what is the difference between wealth and income.

Now, wealth refers to the value of your assets, such as money held in checking or savings accounts, retirement benefits, your home or business assets, minus the value of your liabilities or debts, including things like your mortgage, credit card debt or other loans. Now, wealth has many benefits that income doesn't. For example, it can be passed down from generation to generation. Wealth can be used as collateral for loans. And it can also generate income for people, in terms of dividends or rents, for example.

But the current economic crisis has shown us just how important it is for people to have wealth. Wealth, in the form of savings or financial assets, per se, allow people to make ends meet when their incomes are temporarily cut or whether they're lost, as we've seen now in times of high unemployment. And also that happens to people when they face an illness and are no longer able to work.

Now, the racial wealth gap has received growing attention, and rightly so. However, the wealth gap for women has received very little attention, let alone the wealth gap for women of color. That's why the Insight Center's report, as part of the Closing the Racial Wealth Gap Initiative that's directed by Meizhu Lui, should be commended for drawing our attention to the tremendous wealth gap that's faced by women of color.

So one of the things that this report is showing us is that we've really missed a lot of information about the situation for women of color, because their situation, with respect to wealth, is not identical to men of color and is not identical to women. They face a double wealth disadvantage of being both a person of color and a woman.

Nicole Mason is also with us in New York. Nicole, the Forbes 500 richest people has just come out. Talk about that in relation to this report.

Well, I think this is really important, especially on the - the Forbes report was released on the - right after the Insight report. And what we found is that there are 300 - nearly 300 new billionaires that made the Forbes list. And what I find very interesting is, in these hard economic times when people are struggling to make ends meet, we can have 300 new billionaires and be celebrating that as some sort of accomplishment.

And it also brings to light the ever-widening gap between people who have wealth and continue to accumulate wealth, because it's something that continues to happen over time, and continue to build, and those who do not. In these hard economic times, they have very little assets to pull on and continue to lose ground.

And so, when we think about what needs to happen and what corrections that need to be made along the way in this current administration, we need to think about rolling back some of those tax credits. We need to think about increasing tax credits for working and low-income families, like the earned-income tax credit, childcare - the childcare credit, dependant credits. We really need to figure out how we make it so that working-class and low-income individuals can keep more of their income and invest, and invest in their families and their families' futures.

This is Democracy Now! Back in a minute.

Now, very sadly, many of these women of color who received subprime home loans could have qualified for conventional loans. And the study revealed that the cost to the borrower over the lifetime of these loans will cost them additional $50,000 to $100,000. So this is money that's not going into their home equity, money that's not going into their retirement savings. And as a result, they were left incredibly financially vulnerable. And now you see that playing out in the foreclosure crisis, as well.

My name is Marcy Shannon, and I'm living right here in Manhattan, Harlem, Manhattan. Now, one of the big issues that we're having is with, you know, single parents. You know, we tend to be the breadwinner for children. And a lot of time what is happening now is that because we have to spend so much time with our kids - because, first of all, it's hard to get a job. And with this recession, it's even more difficult. And having kids and having no father around to basically help out with our kids, then you find that sometimes we have to stay home. We can't take the jobs that they may be presented to us. Sometimes we are not even that educated, you know, to get suitable jobs.

Now, think about saving. We can't even have a bank account, because the bills. Think of rent, especially here in Manhattan. You're looking at a one-bedroom apartment, even a studio, for $1,400. Think of how much you get for pay after tax is taken out. Sometimes you may be taking home $300 a week. What can that do? You can't - you have to think about food. So there's no money that you could - well, you call that "discretionary income." You can't put any money in the bank. And if you even do put any money in the bank, you end up going back the next day to use it, maybe end up in overdraft, which becomes another issue. So it's extremely difficult for single parents.

My name is Jennifer Fernandez. I live in the Bronx. It's very difficult. I'm a single mom, working a full-time job. And like, it's very hard to basically take care of my two kids on my own. Can't really spend time with them. I can't hardly sometimes pay the bills. Like, it's so hard when you're on your own. It's very hard, because I can't really save, not on, you know, a minimum job, no. Month to month is very hard. Babysitting money, the rent, the light, food - you know, that's basically it.

MARY DYE: My name is Mary Dye, and I live in Harlem. I find that it's very - extremely difficult to try to raise children here in Harlem at this time, this day and time. It's awfully hard with the economy going bad, and everyone's losing their jobs. Fortunately, I haven't lost my job at this time. But to make ends meet, it's just pretty much - it's a little difficult. Hopefully I don't run into any circumstances where I'll be set back in debt, and hopefully the economy will get better and there'll more chances and opportunities for minority women. Accumulating wealth is a bit hard at this time. Affordable housing really isn't affordable housing. Everything is going up. Hopefully I won't have to pay for a metro card for my daughter to go to school next year.

But there is an important point that I want to make sure that the listeners understand. And that is that when we think about jobs, we need to think not just about income, but about access to what I've termed the wealth escalator. And one of its important components are the fringe benefits that come with jobs that do let people translate their income into wealth more effectively, those things like paid sick days, job-related health insurance or retirement benefits. Those are things that women, and women of color in particular, are least likely to have in the types of jobs that they hold. Women of color and women are much more likely to work in service occupations, and those jobs are the least likely to come with those benefits.

So, as we heard from the women on the street, there's much more to wealth creation than simply income. And in fact, even if men and women had the same incomes, if nothing else changed, there would still be a wealth gap for women and a wealth gap for women of color, because they lack access to the wealth escalator, the fringe benefits and the government benefits that are already helping other people build wealth, and because they're more likely to be single parents. And as custodial parents, they bear a disproportionate financial burden of the cost of parenthood, and they have less disposable income to save and invest. So we really need to look beyond income to think about wealth, if we're really going to improve the lives of women and women of color.

AMY GOODMAN: Mariko Lin Chang, we want to thank you for being with us. The report for Insight is called "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth and America's Future." And thank you, Nicole Mason, executive director of the Women of Color Policy Network at New York University. The report she did last year, "Race, Gender and the Recession."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Study: Median Wealth for Single Black Women: $100, Single Hispanic Women: $120, Single White Women: $41,000

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Insight Center for Community Economic Development released a report on the gender wealth gap to mark International Women's Day. The report found nearly half of all single black and Hispanic women have zero or negative wealth, meaning their debts exceed all of their assets.