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The Scopes Trial, or "Monkey trial" as it was nicknamed, was a trail against John Scopes, a 24 year old high school teacher who had been arrested for teaching evolution in a Tennessee classroom. This violated Tennessee's newly passed Anti-Evolution statute against teaching any theory that violated the bible's theory of creation. Scopes Lawyer was Clarence Darrow and the state's attorney was William Jennings Bryan. Scopes lost the trial and was fined $100. However this trial helped the ACLU publicize scientific evidence for evolution. It is also said that the press reported "Though Bryan had won the case, he had lost the argument."

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The trial began because of a conspiracy at Fred Robinson's drug store in Dayton. George Rappalyea had a newspaper that had an American Civil Liberties Union announcement in it. It stated that the ACLU would offer services to anyone willing to challenge the anti-evolution laws. Walter White, a school superintendent thought this would be a good way to help the town. They then brought Scopes into the conspiracy.

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In the 1920's there was a butting of heads between the older generation, the Victorians, and the younger modernists. The younger generations stopped worrying is society would approve of them and took part in intellectual experimentation. They danced to Jazz and showed their disapproval of the prohibition. The older generation believed that morals were on the decline. This led to a revivalism movement that was very prominent in the South.

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Darrow was not the ACLU's first choice. They worried he would attack religion as a whole. They wanted H.G. Wells to lead the defense team, but he declined. They then would have liked John W. Davies or Charles Evans Hughes, but they refused to serve with Darrow.

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William Jennings Bryan in Dayton, Tennessee pulpit

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William Jennings Bryan in Dayton, Tennessee pulpit

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The trial has been compared to a "carnival" with almost a thousand people coming, chimpanzees being brought in "to testify," Anti-Evolution League members were selling copies of T.T. Martin's book called Hell and High School. Announcers were there as well, ready to broadcast the trial on the radio. The judge was Judge Raulston, who sat being fanned by police officers.

Image: "Judge Raulston being fanned at Scopes Trial"

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Bryan was a three time Democratic presidential candidate, a populist, and a fundamentalist. He wanted to ban Darwin's evolutionary theory from classrooms.

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A political Cartoon showing W.J. Bryan as a "modern crusader" for religion.

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A political Cartoon showing W.J. Bryan as a "modern crusader" for religion.

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A political Cartoon showing Tennessee putting out the flame of knowledge

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A political Cartoon showing Tennessee putting out the flame of knowledge

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"which made it possible for theologians...to bring Old Galilee to trial."

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"which made it possible for theologians...to bring Old Galilee to trial."

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Dudley Malone, countering Bryan's position by arguing that the same ignorance was used to bring Jesus to trial.

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"not even from American monkeys, but Old World monkeys."

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"not even from American monkeys, but Old World monkeys."

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A quote from Bryan when he was mocking Manyard Metcalf, a zoologist from John Hopkins University, when he was testifying about the theory of evolution.

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The goal of this trial was not to win necessarily. They were looking to get more people aware of the anti-evolution laws and hopefully get the supreme court to rule that the anti-evolution laws were unconstitutional. However this didn't happen until 43 years later during Epperson v. Arkansas.

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"to teach any theory that denies the story of divine creation as taught by the Bible and to teach instead that man was descended from a lower order of animals."

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"to teach any theory that denies the story of divine creation as taught by the Bible and to teach instead that man was descended from a lower order of animals."

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- quote from the anti-evolution bill.

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Columnist H.L. Mencken about Bryan.

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"I said nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution."

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"I said nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution."

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Rappalyea during the meeting with Scopes.

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A video reenacting the speeches of the Scope's Trial. (1:40-4:17)

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A video reenacting the speeches of the Scope's Trial. (1:40-4:17)

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https://youtu.be/n4y-Fk20Id0

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Clarence Darrow questions Bryan during the Scopes Trial (July 20, 1925)

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Clarence Darrow questions Bryan during the Scopes Trial (July 20, 1925)

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A short video explaining the arguments made by Darrow and how he was received by the public