# data[].attributes.headline
Autonomic Nervous System (aka Visceral Nervous System)

# data[].attributes.subject
Autonomic Nervous System (aka Visceral Nervous System)

# data[].attributes.body
1 of 2 parts of the Peripheral Nervous System that is responsible for involuntary control of cardiac and smooth muscle thru networks of cranial and spinal nerves that is regulated by the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata.  This is further subdivided into 2 divisions:  The sympathetic v. the parasympathetic nervous system.

# data[].attributes.body
AKA Adrenergic System, "Fight-or-Flight" response, Thoracolumbar division

# data[].attributes.body
AKA Cholinergic System, "Rest-or-Digest" response, Craniosacral division

# data[].attributes.headline
Neurotransmitter and Location where NT is released

# data[].attributes.subject
Neurotransmitter and Location where NT is released

# data[].attributes.body
Neurotransmitter is synthesized in the adrenal medulla, hence the name adrenergic.  The sympathetic NS utitlizes two NT's:

1. Norepinephrine (NE)

1. Released at postganglionic nerve endings and released by the adrenal medulla as well as neurons

2. Derived from Dopamine (DA)

2. Epinephrine (EPI)

1. Acts on adrenergic receptors

# data[].attributes.headline
Neurotransmitter and Location where NT is released

# data[].attributes.subject
Neurotransmitter and Location where NT is released

# data[].attributes.body
Neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (ACH), hence also being known as cholinergic.  Acts on cholinergic receptors.

ACH is released at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings in both the sympathatic and parasympathic nervous systems.

# data[].attributes.body
stimulated by ACH

# data[].attributes.body
Mainly found on glands, smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries and veins

# data[].attributes.body
located @ adrenergic nerve endings. Part of negative feedback loops to regulate alpha-1 receptors

# data[].attributes.body
located on the heart

# data[].attributes.body
located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, and the coronary arteries

# data[].attributes.body
located on cardiac and smooth muscle (glands) at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

# data[].attributes.body
located at ganglia of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves (@synapses)

# data[].attributes.body
located at somatic (voluntary control), neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle

# data[].attributes.body
Under each drug classification, identify which receptors are interacted with and include the action that occurs:

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists

causes the contraction of smooth muscle = vasocontriction→leads to an increase in blood pressure (b/p)

Adrenergic Agonsits

stimulates all alpha and beta receptors resulting in vasocontriction in alpha-1 receptors, cardiac stimulation in beta-1 receptors, and bronchodilation in beta-2  receptors.

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists

competetively binds to alpha-1 receptors thereby blocking other drugs from binding to them.  This causes smooth muscle to relax = vasodilation which causes a decrease in b/p and increase in urination.

Beta Adrenergic Agonists

Interacts with all beta recpetors.

In beta-1 receptors, it stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in the kidneys thereby causing vasodilation = increased blood flow in the kidneys in low doses.  In moderate doses, it stimulates cardiac activity by binding to beta-1 receptors = increasing cardiac output and force of contraction.  In high doses, it stimulates alpha-1 receptors → vasoconstriction = increased b/p

In beta-2 receptors, it causes the relaxation of smooth muscle in the lungs (bronchodilation) and the ueterus.

Beta Adrenergic Antagonists

Selective beta-1 blockers act on beta-1 receptors via competetive antagonism blocking beta-1 receptors, leading to a decrease in cardiac output and force of contraction, causing a decrease in b/p.

Non-selective beta blockers act on both beta receptors which causes a decrease in force of contraction and cardiac output, leading to a decrease in b/p and possibly bronchocontriction.

# data[].attributes.body
Under each drug classification, identify which receptors are interacted with and include the action that occurs:

Parasympathomimetics (cholinergics)

Direct acting cholinergics directly binds to muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division to mimic ACH release/binding.

Indirect acting cholinergics  inhibit acetylcholinesterase to increase ACH concentration.

Parasympatholytics (anti-cholingerics)

bind to cholinergic receptors via competetive antagonism

# data[].attributes.body
1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists

1. Brand Name: Neo-Synephrine®      Generic: phenylephrine

2. Adrenergic Agonists

1. Brand Name:  Adrenalin®       Generic: epinephrine

3. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists  (generic ends in -azosin)

1. Brand Name:  Minipress®       Generic: prazosin

2. Brand Name:  Hytrin®             Generic: terazosin

3. Brand Name:  Cardura®          Generic: doxazosin

4. Beta Adrenergic Agonists

1. Brand Name:  Dobutamin®    Generic: dobutamine

2. Brand Name: Proventil HFA® Generic: albuterol

3. Brand Name: Brethine®         Generic: terbutaline

5. Beta Adrenergic Antagonists (generics ends in -olol)

1. Brand Name:  Tenormin®      Generic: atenolol

2. Brand Name: Lopressor®       Generic: metoprolol

3. Brand Name:  Corgard®          Generic: nadolol

4. Brand Name: Inderal® Generic: propanolol

# data[].attributes.body
1. Direct-acting Cholinergics

1. Brand Name: Pilocar®         Generic: pilocarpine

2. Brand Name: Urecholine®  Generic: bethanechol

2. Indirect-acting Cholinergics

1. Brand Name: Prostigmin®    Generic: neostigmine

3. Anticholinergics

1. Brand Name:  Bentyl®           Generic: dicyclomine

2. Brand Name:  Atrovent®        Generic: ipratropium bromide