# data[].attributes.headline
Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Combination Summary

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Combination Summary

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"On 14 October 1962, US reconnaissance planes spotted Soviet Missiles in Cuba, setting in motion the events now known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. A week earlier, the NYCB had arrived in Moscow to begin an eight week soviet tour. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union escalated quickly, just as the company moved from it's opening week in Moscow's Bolshoi Theatre to the Palace's of Congresses theatre, located in the heart of the Kremlin."

#soviet #missile #crisis

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Paraphrase

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Paraphrase

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On October 14th, 1962 the US reconnaissance planes found Cuban missiles and these events later arose to the Cuban missile crisis. Shortly beforehand, the NYCB arrived in Moscow to begin the tours. Consequently, tensions between the United States the USSR arose significantly.
#significantly #reconnaissance #planes

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Summary

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Summary

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During the year 1962, both the Cuban missile crisis and the arrival of the NYVCB in Moscow were occurring.  Despite not being a political based event at first, tensions began to arise and the tours themselves were politicized.
#1962 #politicized #cubanmissile

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"-Combination Summary

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"-Combination Summary

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"Such a reading makes clear how Balanchine's production of The Nutcracker reflects the international and domestic pressures making themselves felt as ballet came into it's own both as a US artistic medium and as one of the most deeply politicized cultural expressions of the Cold War."

#artistic #medium #expressions

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Murno, Public Diplomacy-Combination Summary 

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Murno, Public Diplomacy-Combination Summary 

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"During the Cold War, for example the United States used public diplomacy persuade European audiences that the foundations of democratic government and capitalist enterprise were superior to Soviet alternatives."

#alternatives #superior #enterprise

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 Nepomnyashchy, American Pioneer: American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR- Combination Summary 

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 Nepomnyashchy, American Pioneer: American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR- Combination Summary 

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American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR
"The United States Information Agency (USIA) worked on tours with the State Department, and other organizations, including the CIA, arranged tours as well.  In 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave an enormous boost to the arts when he established the President’s Emergency Fund for International Affairs, allotting “$2,250,000 to the State Department to support dance, theatre, music, and sports tours and $157,000 to the USIA to publicize the tours.”

#tours #arts

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Nepomnyashchy, American Pioneer: American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR-Paraphrase

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Nepomnyashchy, American Pioneer: American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR-Paraphrase

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The USIA worked on tour details and information with numerous organizations. President Eisenhower gave a large sum of money dedicated to empowering and boosting the arts, such as dance. $2,250,000 to the state department for art, dance, etc, as well as $157,000 allocated to publicize the tours.

#boosting #tour #organizations

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Nepomnyashchy, American Pioneer: American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR-Summary

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Nepomnyashchy, American Pioneer: American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR-Summary

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During the 60s, the Soviet Union was searching for their ballet rival. Knowing they were up against the United States, this created tension between the group. How did the allocation of such funds impact economics?

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Throughout the duration of the Cold War, the US persuaded the European audience, utilizing public diplomacy. The goal was to persuade the audience that the United State's capitalist and democratic ideals were greater than Soviet tactics.

#greater #soviet #capitalist

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Nepomnyashchy, American Pioneer: American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR-Bullet Points

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Nepomnyashchy, American Pioneer: American Ballet Theatre's 1960 Tour of the USSR-Bullet Points

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- $2,250,000 to the state department for art, dance, etc..
-$157,000 allocated for publicizing the tours
-What was the economic impacts of these funds being dedicated to the tours?
-How did this "rivalry" impact the perception of the USSR by many?
#economics #funding #media

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War-Combination Summary 

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War-Combination Summary 

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"There is an older tradition of culturally based explanations of politics and national characteristics exemplified by Montesquieu and Tocqueville, whose influence, particularly in the United States, can be traced to the Cold War to the anticipated "clash of civilizations" where, according to Samuel Huntington, "the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural."

#cultural #unitedstates #influence

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War- Paraphrase

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War- Paraphrase

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Cultural influence and traditions can be dated back to the United States in the Cold War. Although culture brought people together, the greatest divides can be linked back to cultural based competitions, in various aspects.

#competitions #divided

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War- Summary

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War- Summary

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Throughout the Cold War, there were various aspects which created the cultural component of the war. The United States was the USSR's hugest viral in these areas of competition, one being ballet. A lot of factors that determined the viewpoint of war was based on the public's ides of the cultural diplomacy occurring at the time.

#cultural #diplomacy #ballet

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War-Bullet Points

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War-Bullet Points

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-Four reasons for cultural component of the war

-The first was based on propaganda displayed during the time

-The perspective of the ordinary person was the second

-How the Cold War ended was the 3rd reason

-The 4th reason, being the culturally based explanations of politics during the time of the war and how it linked to the US and the USSR.

#components #viewpoint #perspective

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War-Diagram

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Johnston, Revisiting the Cultural Cold War-Diagram

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"- Paraphrase

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"- Paraphrase

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George Balanchine's "The Nutcracker" displayed the international and domestic challenges during the time of the Cold War. Such works of great art became deeply politicized. Despite being a piece of art, The Nutcracker was one of the defining moments for the cultural and political shift of the war.
#international #domestic #shift

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"- Summary

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"- Summary

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Despite cultural aspects of the war being displayed in other arts besides ballet, ballet works continued to be defining examples of such cultural expressions during the war. Although "The Nutcracker" was a ballet, it highlighted the cultural and diplomatic needs during the time. Ultimately, shifting the perception and viewpoint of many.
#arts #ballet #perception

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"- Bullet Points

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"- Bullet Points

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-The Nutcracker is one of the biggest ballet works in today's time

-The work itself reflected political, domestic, and international issues

-These works were studied deeply and became very politicized

-As ballet became more popular, people's view shifted regarding the entire war itself

-The arts were both connected directly to the US but also to the USSR, as they were the "competitor" in terms of this aspect

#competitor #politicized #domestic

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"-Diagram 

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Kodat, Dancing Through the Cold War: The Case of "The Nutcracker"-Diagram 

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Throughout the Cold War, the United States specifically used many tactics which can be classified as "public diplomacy". Basically, it was the attempt to reach a foreign audience using numerous methods such as branding or publications of the message. The US spread democratic values and how they were better than the communist USSR, leaving many's viewpoint to be shifted.

#tactics #public #diplomacy

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-Public diplomacy was used to persuade foreign audiences

-For the Cold War and in the instance for the US, the Europeans were targeted

-Propaganda techniques, branding, publication of information, cultural communication

-One example of cultural communication and connections is through the arts, such as ballet

-The US department hoped that exposure to these ideas and principles would lead to increased support for the US policies and decisions

#US #department #principles #support

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Bullet Points

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Bullet Points

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-Year 1962
-Cuban missile crisis
-NYCB (New York City Ballet)
-Arrived in Moscow just a week prior
-Tensions arose very fast/rapid rate
#tensions #cubanmissilecrisis #nycb

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Diagram

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Croft, Ballet Nations: The New York City Ballet's 1962 US State Department-Sponsored Tour of the USSR-Diagram

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review: Diplomacy in Dance-Combination Summary

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review: Diplomacy in Dance-Combination Summary

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"During the Cold War, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. each proclaimed its particular political and economic organization as the only possible future for humanity. Cultural offerings were vehicles, if not for indoctrination, then for alluring proclamations of national health, philosophy and achievement. In the Soviet Union, ballet was the historically privileged jewel in the crown of performing arts."

#coldwar #political #organization

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review:Diplomacy in Dance-Paraphrase

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review:Diplomacy in Dance-Paraphrase

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During the Cold War, the US and the USSR each took advantage of it's own political and economic organizations in order to preserve humanity. Ballet is and was a beautiful art form, but besides, was a prized possession for the USSR during the time of the Cold War.

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review:Diplomacy in Dance-Summary

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review:Diplomacy in Dance-Summary

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Throughout the Cold War, the opposing sides of the Soviet Union and the United States did not just utilize war tactics for the war itself. They battled culturally, if you will, with ballet being the prized possession of the USSR.

#USSR #opposing #utilize

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review: Diplomacy in Dance-Bullet Points

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review: Diplomacy in Dance-Bullet Points

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- High quality artistry from both sides

-Numerous tours from different tours followed each other (Bolshoi Ballet, American Ballet, New York City Ballet)

-Ballet was more publicized than all other art forms during the time

-Ballet was THE prized possession for the USSR

-Both sides were impressed by the variations in ballet, from the movement type to use of music and lighting

#publicized #tours #artistry

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review: Diplomacy in Dance-Diagram

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Lobenthal, Ballet In the Cold War Review: Diplomacy in Dance-Diagram