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Language shapes thought, hence the need (arguably) to reform language. E.g. semantic reclamation of 'queer' used by LGBTQ+ community to empower them. Previously used solely to denigrate them.

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Academie Francais- aim to control language

-main function= to maintain standards of literacy and establish the literacy language

-want to prevent change

-to evaluate, this group is filled with a small group of aristocratic white males so this view is not representative of the people which is why they lack any real control over the movement of language

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-this is a way in which language can be directed

-offers a way of policing offensive language

-semantic reclamation

-banning words in schools

-policing racial and sexist language in the workplace

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Deutcher

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Believed that language is simplified due to economic factors and low effort, e.g. “omnibus” to “bus” as it saves time. 

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-lang change is natural and lang changes all the time so cannot be heavily policies

-talks about role of texting for language

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-they don’t come from a place of prejudice, that are just trying to make things clear with the language

-police gobblydeguk

-have had an effect on soc as gov has passed legislation created by them

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-purpose of promoting maintenance, knowledge and appreciation of lang

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First attempt to standardise the language, based on southern writers. Included examples of Dryden and Shakespeare to provide etymologies and examples. Standard dictionary until Websters in 1828

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Thinks that language change is a bad thing as people who text are 'vandals' like 'Ghengis Khan' who are 'pillaging our punctuation', 'savaging our sentences' and 'raping our vocabulary'

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-could serve as an argument for because they have had an impact on society as government has passed legislation they have created

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Takes a neutral stance. Believed that language change is inevitable and bound to change, it comes and goes like the tide “ebbs” and “flows”

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-lang change is natural therefore shouldn’t be policied harshly as the change that occurs is inevitable

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As English is a lingua franca a standardisation of the language will help give everyone better involvement in the language.

Governmental organisations -e.g Singaporean gov. promote what is perceived as the standard form of English through RP.

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Tebbitt said that if we let standards slip, children will come to school dirty and end up in prisons. However, this is based on his privileged conservative perspective, wanting everyone to speak like his Eton standard for language.

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Hated inkhorning, as he hated the language change that poets brought about such as unnecessary contractions and shortening words, as well as language invented by 'some pretty fellow'

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Standard English provides mutual intelligibility. If a language is standardised it can be more effectively used and understood.

Again as English is a world language it is important that to maintain its status and accessibility it has to be in a form everyone can use and understands

Thus requiring a standardisation.

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-words that were polarised by derogatory meanings have been reclaimed in more empowering ways

-however, new words are created or are pejorated to fill this

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Leader of the society, John Richards, stated that the 'barbarians have won' due to the lack of concern over the preservation of apostrophes as he believed that they are vital to language and grammar

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Their attitudes towards language change is very traditionalist and prescriptivist, believing there is a correct way to use grammar, spelling and punctuation.

Elitist and conservative in nature

Aim to preserve the standards and clarity of the English language.

Anti-Americanism - example people using color instead of colour

Reject linguistic descriptivism - critical of them being more accepting of non-standard forms of English and text speak

However - unsuccessful in trying to control and “preserve” it, it was widely unpopular as it was rigid and outdated, little influence over how people spoke and wrote - new words, slang continued to grow.