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NICE Topic: Fertility, pregnancy and childbirth

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NICE Topic: Fertility, pregnancy and childbirth

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Conditions and diseases

Blood and immune system conditions

Cancer

Cardiovascular conditions

Chronic and neuropathic pain

Cystic fibrosis

Diabetes and other endocrinal, nutritional and metabolic conditions

Digestive tract conditions

Ear, nose and throat conditions

Eye conditions

Fertility, pregnancy and childbirth

Gynaecological conditions

Infections

Injuries, accidents and wounds

Kidney conditions

Liver conditions

ME/CFS

Mental health and behavioural conditions

Multiple long-term conditions

Musculoskeletal conditions

Neurological conditions

Oral and dental health

Respiratory conditions

Skin conditions

Sleep and sleep conditions

Urological conditions

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Fertility, pregnancy and childbirth | Topic | NICE

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The NHS Knowledge and Library Hub connects health cares staff and learners to high quality, NHS-funded, knowledge and evidence resources in one place, using a single search.

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MFT Knowledge & Library Services Website

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The Medway NHS Knowledge and Library Service KLS offers the best resources to support clinical decision making, research, and lifelong professional development.

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Click on this link to find our Literature Search Request Form, just complete this and one of our Librarians will support.

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The LKS can conduct literature searching to find the evidence you need for an informed decision.

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RCM Homepage - Royal College of Midwives

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New strategy introducing the new RCM strategy Developed by our Board and shaped by our members, our new strategy sets out our guiding principles for the next few years. These are to: Improve your working life Amplify your voice Build our midwifery community Read our strategy Read our latest blog Join the Royal College of […]

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British Maternal and Fetal Medicine Society

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British Maternal and Fetal Medicine Society

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British Maternal & Fetal Medicine Society - BMFMS

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The RCOG Fetal Medicine CSG was established in 2009 to increase the amount of Fetal Medicine research carried out in the UK. Although ~4% of all babies have some sort of fetal abnormality only a small proportion of pregnancy research resources are dedicated to this area of medicine.

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The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist (TOG)

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The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist (TOG)

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Obstetrics and gynecology | BMJ Best Practice

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Browse BMJ Best Practice obstetrics and gynecology specialty and related medical content to help you make evidence-based clinical decisions

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Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Centre for Women's and Newborn Health

Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research

University of Birmingham

Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital

Birmingham

UK

Disclosures

JG is a clinical advisor for Femcare UK.

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Abnormal uterine bleeding - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

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Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common and often debilitating condition, affecting women of reproductive age. AUB is any variance of the normal menstrual cycle, which is defined on the basis of four parameters (frequency, regularity, duration, and volume); symptoms can be acute or chronic. T…

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Assessment of abdominal pain in pregnancy

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Assessment of abdominal pain in pregnancy

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Evaluation of abdominal pain in pregnancy - Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice US

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Abdominal pain in pregnancy is common. Many adaptive or physiologic changes of pregnancy affect the presentation. Women tend to visit doctors often as they are concerned about the health of their fetus. Patients require a careful assessment in order to reduce anxiety and give reassurance. If the…

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Classification

Abnormal vaginal bleeding is classified by age and gravidity:

Disorders of menstrual bleeding, including intermenstrual bleeding, are discussed in the topic, Evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding.

Epidemiology

Vaginal bleeding before menarche is uncommon and is most often caused by trauma.[1] Söderström HF, Carlsson A, Börjesson A, et al. Vaginal bleeding in prepubertal girls: etiology and clinical management. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016 Jun;29(3):280-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506030?tool=bestpractice.com

Prevalence estimates for postcoital bleeding vary from 0.7% to 9% among women of reproductive age.[2]Lindner LE, Geerling S, Nettum JA, et al. Clinical characteristics of women with chlamydial cervicitis. J Reprod Med. 1988 Aug;33(8):684-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3050073?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Shapley M, Jordan K, Croft PR. An epidemiological survey of symptoms of menstrual loss in the community. Br J Gen Pract. 2004 May;54(502):359-63. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1266170 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15113519?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Viikki M, Pukkala E, Hakama M. Bleeding symptoms and subsequent risk of gynecological and other cancers. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998 May;77(5):564-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9654181?tool=bestpractice.com Incidence is highest among patients ages 26-30 years.[5] Cohen O, Schejter E, Agizim R, et al. Postcoital bleeding is a predictor for cervical dysplasia. PLoS One. 2019 May 23;14(5):e0217396. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532898 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31120980?tool=bestpractice.com

Bleeding during early pregnancy is common, affecting 25% of women during the first trimester.[6]Everett C. Incidence and outcome of bleeding before the 20th week of pregnancy: prospective study from general practice. BMJ. 1997 Jul 5;315(7099):32-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2127042 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9233324?tool=bestpractice.com[7] Hasan R, Baird DD, Herring AH, et al. Association between first-trimester vaginal bleeding and miscarriage. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Oct;114(4):860-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828396 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19888046?tool=bestpractice.com

Up to 11% of women report postmenopausal bleeding, with highest rates in the first year after the menopause.[8] Astrup K, Olivarius Nde F. Frequency of spontaneously occurring postmenopausal bleeding in the general population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004 Feb;83(2):203-7. https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00400.x http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14756741?tool=bestpractice.com

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Abnormal vaginal bleeding is classified by age and gravidity: Disorders of menstrual bleeding, including intermenstrual bleeding, are discussed in the topic, .

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Breech presentation - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

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Breech presentation refers to the baby presenting for delivery with the buttocks or feet first rather than head. Associated with increased morbidity and mortality for the mother in terms of emergency cesarean section and placenta previa; and for the baby in terms of preterm birth, small fetal siz…

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Chronic pelvic pain is a syndrome of pain arising from one or more pelvic organs, and can include any one or all pelvic viscera or muscles.

A methodical, complete, criteria-based history is required to determine how many and which organ systems are involved and to uncover comorbid psychiatric conditions, particularly depression or a history of abuse.

The physical examination must be methodical and complete, searching for point tenderness in all individual pelvic muscles and organs, specifically including the vestibule, levator ani muscles, bladder, cervix and uterus, adnexa, and lower abdominal wall.

Diagnostic tests are determined by the organ systems generating pain and may include urinalysis with culture, pelvic ultrasound, cystoscopy with hydrodistension, and diagnostic laparoscopy.

Because chronic pain is sometimes a disorder of pain perception, minimal if any pathological change may be found.

Treatment is targeted at each organ system involved in pain production. Global pain in all organs or refusal of non-narcotic management may represent drug-seeking behaviour.

Complications are inherent to all treatments, which frequently include surgery.

Chronic pelvic pain is inconsistently defined, but the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended definition is "pain symptoms perceived to originate from pelvic organs/structures typically lasting more than 6 months. It is often associated with negative cognitive, behavioural, sexual and emotional consequences as well as with symptoms suggestive of lower urinary tract, sexual, bowel, pelvic floor, myofascial, or gynaecological dysfunction".[1] Chronic Pelvic Pain: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 218. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Mar;135(3):e98-e109. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32080051?tool=bestpractice.com

Patients typically present with at least two of several common pain-related diagnoses: interstitial cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, levator ani syndrome (pelvic floor tension myalgia), endometriosis, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, or vulvodynia. Common comorbid conditions include depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress disorder.

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Chronic pelvic pain is a syndrome of pain arising from one or more pelvic organs, and can include any one or all pelvic viscera or muscles. A methodical, complete, criteria-based history is required to determine how many and which organ systems are involved and to uncover comorbid psychiatric con...

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William Shippen Jr. Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Epidemiology

Vice Chair for Clinical Research

Director, Women's Health Clinic Research Center

The Perelman School of Medicine

University of Pennsylvania

Associate Chief, Penn Fertility Care

Philadelphia

PA

Disclosures

KTB declares that he has no competing interests.

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Typically presents 6-8 weeks after last normal menstrual period, but can present earlier or later. Risk increases with prior ectopic pregnancy, tubal surgery, history of sexually transmitted infections, smoking, in vitro fertilisation, or if pregnant despite IUD usage. Classical symptoms and sign...

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Gestational diabetes mellitus - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) develops during pregnancy and is usually diagnosed at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation on the basis of elevated plasma glucose levels on glucose tolerance testing. Goal of therapy is to achieve maternal glucose levels that are as close to normal as possible in order…

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Herpes simplex virus infection - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

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Herpes simplex virus infection is common and has multiple clinical manifestations. The classic clinical presentation of vesicles progressing to painful ulcers is unusual; atypical and mild symptoms are common, and most people have unrecognised disease. Symptoms of oral herpes (herpes labialis) in…

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Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

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Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) affects approximately 75% of pregnant women. Typically begins between the fourth and eighth week after the last menstrual period and resolves in the second trimester. Etiology remains unclear. There is some evidence that it is related to hormone levels of hu…

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Overview of pregnancy complications - Summary of relevant conditions | BMJ Best Practice US

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Complications in pregnancy can result from conditions that are specifically linked to the pregnant state as well as conditions that commonly arise or occur incidentally in women who are pregnant. Serious sequelae might include miscarriage, preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes, prematur…

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Uterine prolapse - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

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Uterine prolapse is caused by the loss of anatomic support for the uterus. Late-stage prolapse usually presents as a palpable protruding cervix with vaginal tissue, which is often noticed by the patient. Symptoms include sensation of vaginal bulging, pelvic pressure, urinary frequency or incontin…

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Vaginitis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

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Vaginitis is most often caused by bacterial vaginosis; other common infectious causes include trichomoniasis and candidiasis, although noninfectious causes are also possible. Affects all age groups of women, particularly during their reproductive years. Common symptoms include discharge, pruritus…

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ABCD2 Score to Predict Stroke Risk after TIA Estimates the risk of stroke following transient ischemic attack.

Absolute Eosinophil Count Assesses number of eosinophils (e.g., in people with allergic or autoimmune conditions, or parasite infections).

Absolute Lymphocyte Count Estimates number of lymphocytes and predicts CD4 count.

Absolute Neutrophil Count Measures number of neutrophils (used to asses neutropenia or neutrophilia).

Absolute Reticulocyte Count Measures reticulocytes (used to assess anemia).

ACR/EULAR Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Criteria (2010) Diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis.

Alcohol Consumption Screening AUDIT Questionnaire Screening tool to identify alcohol use disorders.

Anion Gap Aids in identifying causes of metabolic acidosis.

Anion Gap Delta Delta Gradient Multicalc Aids in identifying acid-base disorders.

APACHE II scoring system Estimates ICU mortality.

Apgar score Assesses neonates 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation TreeCalc Analysis of arterial blood gas results.

Atrial Fibrillation CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc Score for Stroke Risk Estimates risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation CHADS(2) score for stroke risk Estimates risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

B

BAP-65 prediction of in-hospital mortality and need for mechanical ventilation in COPD Predicts risk of mortality and need for mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbations of COPD.

Bayesian Statistics I MultiCalc Calculates statistics from prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity.

Bayesian Statistics II MultiCalc Calculates statistics from true and false positives and negatives.

Benefit Increase / Number Needed to Treat Multicalc Calculates absolute and relative benefit and number needed to treat.

Bicarbonate Deficit Calculates total bicarbonate deficit.

Blatchford score for gastrointestinal bleeding Stratifies patients with upper GI bleed, identifying those who can be safely treated as outpatients.

Bleeding Risk (any bleeding complication) on Warfarin Therapy Estimates risk of any bleeding complications for patients on warfarin.

Bleeding Risk (major complication) on Warfarin Therapy Estimates risk of major bleeding complications for patients on warfarin.

Bleeding Risk Index for Warfarin Therapy Estimates risk of bleeding for patients on warfarin.

BODE Index for COPD Survival Prediction Estimates prognosis in patients with COPD based on body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise.

Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles for boys (2 to 20 years) Assesses whether patient is at a weight appropriate for their height, age, and gender.

Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles for girls (2 to 20 years) Assesses whether patient is at a weight appropriate for their height, age, and gender.

Body Mass Index (Quetelet's index) Assesses whether patient is at a weight appropriate for their height.

Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk After Mastectomy (simple) Assesses risk of breast cancer recurrence after mastectomy based on tumor grade and lymphatic involvement.

Burn Injury Fluid Resuscitation (Brooke estimate) Estimates fluid requirements following burn injury.

Burn Injury Fluid Resuscitation (Demling dextran estimate) Estimates colloid fluid requirements following burn injury.

Burn Injury Fluid Resuscitation (Evans estimate) Estimates fluid requirements following burn injury.

Burn Injury Fluid Resuscitation (Modified Brooke crystalloid estimate) Estimates fluid requirements following burn injury.

Burn Injury Fluid Resuscitation (Slater estimate) Estimates fluid requirements following burn injury.

Burn Injury Fluid Resuscitation, Adult (Parkland crystalloid estimate) Often used to estimate fluid requirements in adults following major burn injury.

C

Calcium Correction in Hypoalbuminemia Calculates corrected calcium level for patients with hypoalbuminemia.

Calcium Correction in Hypoalbuminemia (SI units) Calculates corrected calcium level for patients with hypoalbuminemia.

Canadian Head CT Rule for Minor Head Injury Assesses which patients with minor head injury need CT scan.

Cardiac Risk Index for Non-AAA Vascular Surgery (Lee) Estimates risk of cardiac complications following vascular surgery (non-abdominal aortic aneurysm).

Cardiac Risk Index for Orthopedic Surgery (Lee) Estimates risk of cardiac complications following orthopedic surgery.

Cardiac Risk Index in Noncardiac Surgery (Detsky et. al.) Estimates risk of cardiac complications following noncardiac surgery.

Cardiac Risk Index in Noncardiac Surgery (Goldman, et. al.) Estimates risk of cardiac complications following noncardiac surgery.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment (10-year, PROCAM Score, Munster Heart Study SI units) Ten-year cardiovascular risk score based on Munster study with cholesterol levels in SI units.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment (10-year, PROCAM Score, Munster Heart Study) Ten-year cardiovascular risk score based on Munster study with cholesterol levels in mg/dL.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Men (10-year, patient information, Framingham 2008) Cardiovascular risk score that includes patient information for men.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Women (10-year, patient information, Framingham 2008) Cardiovascular risk score that includes patient information for women.

CDC height for age percentiles for boys (2 to 20 years) Assesses whether patient is at appropriate height for their age.

CDC height for age percentiles for girls (2 to 20 years) Assesses whether patient is at appropriate height for their age.

Child Pugh classification for severity of liver disease Assesses severity of liver disease.

Child Pugh classification for severity of liver disease (SI units) Assesses severity of liver disease.

CIWA-Ar Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale Assesses severity of alcohol withdrawal and helps guide management.

Clinical Grading to Predict Malignant Hyperthermia Historical, clinical and laboratory features to assess malignant hyperthermia.

Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) Aids in early diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Cognitive Impairment Screening with 6 Questions Screening tool for cognitive impairment in adults.

Community-acquired pneumonia severity index (PSI) for adults Estimates risk of mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Conventional unit to SI unit conversions: Chemistry tests Unit conversions for chemistries.

Conventional unit to SI unit conversions: Immunology test values Unit conversions for immunology tests.

Creatinine clearance (measured) Measures creatinine clearance.

CURB-65 pneumonia severity score Predicts risk of mortality in community-acquired pneumonia.

D

Depression (any) Screening by a Two Item PHQ-2 Scores for likelihood of any depression.

Depression (major) Screening by a Two Item PHQ-2 Scores for likelihood of major depression.

E

Endocarditis Diagnostic Criteria -- Duke Criteria Pathological and major/minor clinical criteria for endocarditis.

Endocarditis Diagnostic Criteria -- Modified Duke Criteria Updated clinicopathological criteria for endocarditis.

Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) Measures daytime sleepiness.

Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD) Calculates gestational age and estimated date of delivery.

Estimated date of delivery (EDD) (Patient education) Calculates gestational age and estimated date of delivery.

EuroSCORE for Cardiac Surgery Risk Assessment (additive version) Calculates risk of mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

F

Fall Risk in Elderly Hospitalized Patients Estimates risk of fall in elderly patients.

Fracture Index WITH known Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Calculates risk of fracture based on factors including bone mineral density.

Fracture Index WITHOUT known Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Calculates risk of fracture based on factors not including bone mineral density.

Friedewald Equation for Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) Estimates concentration of LDL-C in plasma.

Friedewald Equation for Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C, SI units) Estimates concentration of LDL-C in plasma.

Functional Residual Capacity Calculates functional residual capacity from sum of expiratory reserve and residual volume.

G

Geriatric Depression 1 Item Screener Assesses likelihood of depression in elderly patients, based on 1 question.

Geriatric Depression 4 Item Scale Assesses likelihood of depression in elderly patients, based on 4 questions.

Geriatric Depression Scale Assesses likelihood of depression in elderly patients.

Gestational Age from Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD) Calculates gestational age based on estimated date of delivery.

Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score Estimates mortality risk in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.

Glasgow Blatchford Score for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Stratifies patients with upper GI bleed, identifying those who can be safely treated as outpatients.

Glasgow Coma Scale Assessment of conscious level based on eye, verbal, and motor responses to stimuli.

Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimate by Schwartz Formula Estimates glomerular filtration rate in children based on creatinine and patient's height.

Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimate by Updated Schwartz Formula Estimates glomerular filtration rate in children based on creatinine and patient's height.

GRACE Score for Acute Coronary Syndrome Prognosis Estimates mortality risk for patients with acute coronary syndrome.

H

Harvey-Bradshaw Index of Crohn's Disease Activity Assessment of Crohn's disease activity including extraintestinal features.

HAS-BLED Bleeding Risk Score Estimates risk of major bleeding for patients with atrial fibrillation on oral anticoagulation.

HEART Score Incorporates elements of the patient's history, ECG, age, risk factors, and troponin and is used for patients in the accident and emergency department setting to assess risk of acute MI, PCI, CABG, and death within 6 weeks of initial presentation

Hepatitis C Outcome TreeCalc Assesses risk of death, hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis C.

Hepatitis Discriminant Function for Corticosteroid Therapy in Alcoholic Hepatitis Score parameters including prothrombin time and bilirubin level.

HOMA Formula: Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Estimates severity of insulin resistance.

I

In-Flight PaO2 Estimation Predicts patient's PaO2 during flight.

In-Flight PaO2 Estimation (using PFT's) Predicts patient's PaO2 during flight.

International Prognostic Index for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Prognostic score including age and stage.

International Prognostic Score in Hodgkin Lymphoma Estimates freedom from progression and overall survival in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

International Prognostic Score in Hodgkin Lymphoma (2012 update) Prognostic score including stage and laboratory features.

Intracranial Bleeding Risk from Thrombolytic Therapy of MI Estimates risk of cerebral bleeding in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy for mycocardial infarction.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria (Manning Criteria) Diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome.

J

Jones Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever Diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever.

K

Karnofsky Performance Status Score Assesses patient for functional impairment.

Kawasaki Disease Diagnostic Criteria Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease.

L

LACE Score Predicting Readmission or Post Hospitalization Death Predicts 30-day readmission or death.

Likelihood Ratio MultiCalc Estimates how much a test result will change the odds of having a disease.

Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score Symptom-based scoring system for bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer.

M

Maintenance Fluid Calculation for Children Calculates maintenance fluid requirements by weight.

Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS score) Estimates viability of an extremity after trauma.

Mayo score for assessing ulcerative colitis activity Assesses severity of ulcerative colitis.

MDACC Myelodysplastic Syndrome Prognostic Model A prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome Criteria (AACE 2003) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists calculator for metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome Criteria (AHA/NHLBI 2005) American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute calculator for metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome Criteria (EGIR) European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance calculator for metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome Criteria (IDF 2005) International Diabetes Federation calculator for metabolic syndrome.

Migraine Screener Scores likelihood of migraine.

Migraine With Aura Diagnostic Criteria Criteria for migraine with aura.

Migraine Without Aura Diagnostic Criteria Criteria for migraine without aura.

Modified Maddrey's Discriminant Function Suggests which patients with alcoholic hepatitis may benefit from corticosteroids.

Modified Wells score for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Calculates risk of DVT.

MODS Score: Multiple Organ Dysfunction Predicts hospital/ICU mortality and ICU length of stay based on measures of multiple organ dysfunction.

Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index for patients with neutropenic fever Risk index for people with neutropenic fever.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome International Prognostic Scoring System Prognostic assessment for myelodysplastic syndrome.

N

Nasal Canula Oxygen Fractional Inspired O2 (FIO2) Estimate Estimates fraction of inspired oxygen using oxygen flow rate and percent.

Negative Predictive Value of a Test Probability with a negative screening test of not having the disease.

New Orleans Head CT Criteria Criteria for head CT after head trauma.

Newborn Hyperbilirubinemia Assessment Assessment including infant age, bilirubin level, and clinical risk group.

NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index Assesses symptom severity in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

NIH Stroke Score Quantifies stroke severity based on multiple neurologic factors.

Norton Scale to Stratify Risk of Pressure Sores Assessment scale for risk of pressure ulcers.

O

Odds Ratio and Relative Risk Calculates odds ratio and relative risk.

ORBIT Bleeding Risk Score Scoring system for assessing the risk of bleeding in people with atrial fibrillation being considered for oral anticoagulation, or for the review of people with atrial fibrillation already taking anticoagulation.

Osmolal Gap Calculator (SI units) Calculates osmolal gap to detect unmeasured compounds in serum (SI units).

Osmolar Clearance Calculates renal osmolar clearance using urine/serum Osm and urine volume per day.

Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Index (ORAI) Osteoporosis risk assessment index (age, body weight).

Oswestry Disability Index Version 1 Disability index for low back pain based on questions in 10 areas of function.

Oswestry Disability Index Version 2 Disability index for low back pain based on questions in 10 areas of function.

Ottawa Ankle Rule for the Use of X-Ray in Ankle Injury Describes criteria for ankle trauma patients to determine need for imaging.

Ottawa Foot Rule for the Use of X-Ray in Foot Injury Describes criteria for foot trauma patients to determine need for imaging.

Ottawa Knee Rule for use of X Ray in Knee Injury Describes criteria for knee trauma patients to determine need for imaging.

P

Padua Score for Assessing Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Hospitalized Patients Determines need for VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized patients.

Palliative Prognostic Score in Terminal Illness 30-day probability of survival in terminal illness.

Pancreatitis Prognosis Criteria Mortality scale for acute pancreatitis, based on criteria from admission to day 2 of hospitalization.

Pancreatitis Prognosis Criteria When Disease Due To Gallstones Mortality scale for gallstone-related acute pancreatitis, based on criteria from admission to day 2 of hospitalization.

Panic Disorder Screener Likelihood of panic disorder based on features over last 6 months.

PERC Rule for the Assessment of Possible Pulmonary Embolism Rules out PE if no criteria are present and pre-test probability is less than or equal to 15%.

Polycythemia Vera Diagnostic Criteria Criteria for polycythemia vera including splenomegaly and laboratory features.

Positive Predictive Value of a Test Probability with a positive screening test of having the disease.

Post Test Probability from Pre Test Probability, Sensitivity and Specificity Post-test probability calculator for having a disease.

Post-Test Probability from Likelihood Ratios and Multiple Test Results Post-test probability calculator for having a disease.

Predicted postoperative FEV1 following lung resection surgery (perfusion method) Predicted postoperative FEV1 after lung resection using perfusion scan.

Pretest Probability of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (4-T's score) Assesses the risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Prostatism Symptom Score Scores symptoms of prostatism (minimal, moderate, severe).

Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) Stratifies severity of pulmonary embolism from very low to very high risk.

Pulmonary Embolism Wells Score Calculates probability of pulmonary embolism.

R

Revised Geneva Score for Estimation of the Clinical Probability of Pulmonary Embolism in Adults Calculates probability of pulmonary embolism based solely on clinical variables and independent from subjective judgement.

Rheumatoid arthritis Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Disease activity scoring system for rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) Determines severity of rheumatoid arthritis using clinical and laboratory data.

Risk Reduction / Number Needed to Treat Multicalc Calculates risk reduction/number needed to treat.

Rockall Score for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Determines severity of GI bleeding.

Roland-Morris Disability Score Scoring for physical disability caused by low back pain.

Rotator Cuff Tear Diagnosis Probability of rotator cuff tear based on physical findings.

S

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (Quick): qSOFA Score Bedside clinical assessment to detect risk of deterioration due to sepsis.

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment: SOFA Score Predicts ICU mortality using clinical and laboratory data.

SI unit to conventional unit conversions: Chemistry and endocrine tests SI unit conversions for chemistries and endocrine tests.

SI unit to conventional unit conversions: Immunology test values Unit conversions for immunology tests.

Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) Risk stratifies patients with PE and can help identify those suitable for outpatient management.

Sodium Correction in Hyperglycemia (Hillier 1999) Determines if true hyponatremia is present in a patient with hyperglycemia.

Sore Throat (Pharyngitis) Evaluation and Treatment Criteria (McIsaac) Scoring system for sore throat including clinical features such as age, fever, lymphadenopathy or exudate.

Standard Drink Equivalents Alcohol drink equivalents.

Stool Osmolal Gap Determines if chronic diarrhea is osmotic or secretory.

T

Temperature Unit Conversions Temperature converter: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin.

Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Score for ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Estimates mortality in patients with STEMI.

Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Score for Unstable Angina Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Estimates mortality in patients with unstable angina or NSTEMI.

TIA Prognosis: Risk of Stroke by 90 Days After Presentation Approximate 90-day risk of stroke following TIA.

U

Urine anion gap Aids in identifying causes of metabolic acidosis where there is no serum anion gap.

V

Venous Leg Ulcer Healing Prediction Score for venous leg ulcer healing in 24 weeks based on duration and area.

W

Weight Unit Conversions International weight conversions.

WHO Assessment of Malnutrition in Boys 2 to 5 years Old WHO score for malnutrition based on age, height and weight.

WHO Assessment of Malnutrition in Girls 2 to 5 years Old WHO score for malnutrition based on age, height and weight.

WHO infant head circumference for age percentiles (<24 months) WHO head circumference percentiles birth to 24 months.

WHO Infant Length for Age Percentiles (<24 months) WHO growth chart: length for age percentiles birth to 24 months.

WHO Infant Weight for Age Percentiles (<24 months) WHO growth chart: weight for age percentiles birth to 24 months.

WHO infant weight for length percentiles (<24 months) WHO growth chart: weight for length percentiles birth to 24 months.

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ABCD2 Score to Predict Stroke Risk after TIA Estimates the risk of stroke following transient ischemic attack. Absolute Eosinophil Count Assesses number of eosinophils (e.g., in people with allergic or autoimmune conditions, or parasite infections). Absolute Lymphocyte Count Estimates number of lymphocytes and predicts CD4 count.

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Patient leaflets provide concise easy to read summaries to reassure patients and carers and help them make informed, shared decisions with healthcare professionals.

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Case reports: Obstetrics, gynaecology and fertility

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Case reports: Obstetrics, gynaecology and fertility

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Obstetrics, gynecology and women's health

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Obstetrics, gynecology and women's health

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Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health - UpToDate

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Society guidelines in obstetrics, gynecology an women's health

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Society guidelines in obstetrics, gynecology an women's health

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Society guidelines in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health - UpToDate

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Abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-age patients

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Abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-age patients

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Abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-age patients: Terminology, evaluation, and approach to diagnosis - UpToDate

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Abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-age patients: Terminology, evaluation, and approach to diagnosis

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Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) - UpToDate

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The gynecologic history and pelvic examination

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The gynecologic history and pelvic examination

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The gynecologic history and pelvic examination - UpToDate

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The gynecologic history and pelvic examination

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Cesarean birth: Surgical technique - UpToDate

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Induction of labour: Techniques for preinduction cervical ripening

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Induction of labour: Techniques for preinduction cervical ripening

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Induction of labor: Techniques for preinduction cervical ripening - UpToDate

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Induction of labor: Techniques for preinduction cervical ripening

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Intraoperative blood cell salvage in obstetrics

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Intraoperative blood cell salvage in obstetrics

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Overview | Intraoperative blood cell salvage in obstetrics | Guidance | NICE

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Evidence-based recommendations on intraoperative blood cell salvage in obstetrics. This involves filtering and washing shed blood and retransfusing it during or after the procedure

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All NICE products on pregnancy. Includes any guidance, advice and quality standards.

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Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG)

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Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG)

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Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists

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SAS Week 2023 | 9-13 October 2023

SAS Week is an opportunity to celebrate SAS doctors across all specialities, recognising their role in the NHS workforce. Read case studies of SAS doctors working in obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) to celebrate SAS careers, raise awareness of the opportunities available to SAS doctors and communicate the importance of SAS doctors in the O&G workforce.

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Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists

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Working to improve healthcare for women by setting standards, training and educating doctors, and advocating for women's health worldwide

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Select "Click here for institutional access" if you find yourself on the login page. You may need to click this link again once you are logged in.

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Select "Click here for institutional access" if you find yourself on the login page. You may need to click this link again once you are logged in.

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BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology