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1. Identify and explain ONE effect of the Cold War on the United States.

one effect of the cold war on the united States was the rise of McCarthyism as well as the red scare. these were leading factors to the spread of the fear of communism throughout society in the United States. During the time of the cold war(an ideological battle between the US and the Soviet union), tensions with the USSR caused the people of the US to be increasingly paranoid about communism within the US. this fear led to many impulsive accusations that were not backed by logical evidence. The Senator Mcarthy started a movement that suggested that communism had infiltrated into the US governent, which caused much paranoia throughout the US society. a committee known as the HUAC was established to search for people in the US who may have relations to communism or secretly favor the ideology. this period of time in which people were blamed for no reason caused much chaos and was known as the red scare.

2. Identify and explain ONE effect of the Cold War on the Soviet Union.

one effect of the cold war on the soviet union was economic strain and an ultimate collapse of the Soviet union itself. the cold war caused the soviet union to be put under intense economic strain, this is because of the arms race with the united states, in which they spent immese amounts of money on their military, missiles, and weapons. the government simply could not keep up with this spending and combined with the political instibility of the ussr, the soviet union itself collapsed in 1991.

3. Identify and explain ONE effect of the Cold War on another nation and/or region of the world.

one effect of the cold war on germany was the division of germany into the east and west sides. this division symbolized the idological war between the united states and the soviet union. tensions between the 2 sides escalated and the wall bacame one of the most significant symbols of the cold war and its results.

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Cause(s) of the event: the afganistanian government was under communist regime. a rebellion known as the mujahideen aimed to overthrow this communist government as they were against it. the Soviet union invaded Afghanistan in attempt to stabilize this government and keep communism in place. this invasion turned into a conflict between the soviets and mujahideen, who were aided by the US.

What occurred during the event: the US provided the mujahideen with military aid and missiles and they used many tactics such as guerrilla warfare. the soviets used aircrafts and heavy military force. the war itself ended up having millions of casualties, both from civilians and soldiers.

Key individuals/groups involved: rebellion group mujahideen, US government, Soviet government

Outcome of the event:the Soviet union was unable to defeat the mujahideen due to their strategic strategies. the soviet union ended up withdrawing troops, ending with the mujahideen in victory.

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Cause(s) of the event:the Soviet union had fallen due to many contributing factors, such as economic issues, military over-expansion, weakening after the cold war, and the US policy of containment ultimately causing communism to not spread as much as desired. gorbachev had decided to allow elections and create a presidency for the Soviet union, which ultimately led to a democracy.

What occurred during the event: the Soviet union had fallen and the union had deconstructed into individual countries with their own governments and policies in which they were not unified under one communist rule of the ussr.

Key individuals/groups involved: USSR, Gorbachev

Outcome of the event: the Soviet union was deconstructed and 15 individual countries were established, these countries are still existant to this day.

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Formation of the Eastern Bloc (1959-1989)

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Formation of the Eastern Bloc (1959-1989)

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Cause(s) of the event: When world war II was still progressing, the soviet union and the united states were each others allies because they were mutually threatened by Nazi Germany and Hitler. they worked together to demolish the Nazi regime and win the war. but after the war was over, the USSR and US began to have disagreements, as their political ideologies were completely different. The US promoted democracy, while the USSR wanted communism. this caused tensions between the two sides, and ultimately led to a divide between the eastern and western world. the Soviet union occupied Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland, portions of Czechoslovakia and Eastern Germany, these countries were referred to as the eastern bloc.

What occurred during the event: after the war, the Soviet union had used military armies to liberate countries on its western boarder to help avoid military conflicts with Germany. these countries came under communist influence from the Soviet union. after the war, the Soviet union did not want to withdraw from occupation of these countries, this area became known as the eastern bloc. at one point, Yugoslavia broke off from this alliance and looked elsewhere for trade, however, no military action was taken because they did not directly boarder the ussr. the West grew increasingly worries about communist power and decided to form NATO, the Soviet union decided to counterweight the formation of NATO by signing a treaty called the Warsaw pact. countries started to slowly break away from the alliance of the eastern bloc, and in 1989 the eastern bloc was considered to be completely dissolved.

Key individuals/groups involved: Soviet union, eastern bloc countries, Yugoslavia, US, NATO members

Outcome of the event: the eastern bloc eventually entirely dissolved in 1989, as the last communist regime fell in Romania, and the Berlin wall was torn down.

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Postwar Occupation & Division of Germany (1945)

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Postwar Occupation & Division of Germany (1945)

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Cause(s) of the event: With the end of the WWII, followed the unconditional surrender of the German armed forces, this lead to the the entire German territory to be taken over by foreign armies. The allied forces took over this land and governed the territory. the 4 allied powers distributed the land into 4 occupation zones.

What occurred during the event: A series of conferences were held to decide the distribution of land between the 4 allied powers. it was decided that the United States, Britian, France, and Soviet union would all control their own occupation zones. it was also decided that each occupying power would receive reperations in the form of goods and industrial equipment.

Key individuals/groups involved: president churchill of britain, dictator joseph stalin of the USSR, president Harry Truman of the US, and president Charles gaulle of France were the main leaders involved in the division of Germany between allied powers

Outcome of the event: Germany was split into 4 major occupation zones controlled by the 4 big allied powers -the US, France, Britain, and the USSR. this division led to these 4 zones eventually forming into east Germany(Soviet controlled) and west Germany (us, France, and British controlled). these splits eventually led to the emergence of the cold war.

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Cause(s) of the event: Fidel Castro led a revolution that overthrew the previous leader of Cuba. Castro established a communist government in Cuba and took over US owned businesses. the US felt threatened by this and decided to attempt to overthrow the Cuban government.

What occurred during the event:the US attempted to overthrow the Cuban government by launching the bay of pigs invasion. this invasion failed miserably and led to more intensified tensions. fearful of another invasion, the Soviet union backed the Cubans by establishing nuclear missels on Cuban land. US spy planes saw these missiles and immediately the US demanded the soviets to remove these nuclear missels off of the Cuban land. the US created a quarantine around Cuba using naval forces.

Key individuals/groups involved: Fidel Castro, US government,Soviet government.

Outcome of the event: both sides came to an agreement where the US wouldn't invade Cuba and the USSR would remove the missels.

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Cause(s) of the event: The united States had a theory called the domino theory, it suggested that any country that fell to communism would ultimately cause surrounding countries to do the same. the US implemented a policy of containment, in which they help defend the country from communist takeover. the ideological differences between north and south Vietnam ultimately caused a war between the US backed south and communist north of Vietnam.

What occurred during the event: the Geneva accords had divided Vietnam into the north and south. Communist leader of north Vietnam sought to unify the two sides and overtake all of Vietnam with communism. the south, which was run by the US, aimed to remain under an anti-communist government. the US provided both economic and military aid to south Vietnam in order to support them in winning the war and defending from the north.

Key individuals/groups involved:Ho Chi Minh, leader of North Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem, the South Vietnamese President, and US Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard Nixon

Outcome of the event: the US gradually withdrew its armies due to public opinion against involvement in the war. the south eventually got taken over by the north and vietnam was reunified under communist rule.

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Cause(s) of the event: after world war 2, Korea was split into communist north Korea and non-communist South Korea. the north was supported by the USSR, while the south was supported by the US. this division caused many tensions during the cold war and ideological differences. The leader of north Korea wanted to unify all of Korea and take over the south. the Soviet union supported the north and supplied them with the resources to attempt their takeover. During this time, the US had adopted a new policy known as containment, in which they try to contain the spread of communism in other countries. they used this policy to support South Korea and defend it. The UN also intervined to support the south, as well as china supporting the north.

What occurred during the event: north Korea which was backed by the soviet union, invaded South Korea, which was backed by the US. the united nations defended South Korea. there was much violence and fighting until an agreement was signed to make a boarder that split the north and south apart.

Key individuals/groups involved: Kim Il-sung (North Korean leader), Syngman Rhee (South Korean president), Douglas MacArthur (UN commander), Harry Truman (US president), and Mao Zedong (Chinese leader)

Outcome of the event: the two sides fought for about 3 years, and the war was ended with an agreement signing and a formal division between the two sides.

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Cause(s) of the event: after WW2, many European countries were left with struggles such as food shortage and overall economic issues. the US was very concerned with the spread of communist, they decided that the best way to avoid it was to help maintain the economies of European countries so that the people would not have a reason to support communism. the Marshall plan was something that did exactly it, its goal was to contain communism and Soviet influence from spreading to other countries by making sure that they had wealthy economies.

What occurred during the event: The Marshall plan was a program that aimed to recover the war torn Europe and provide economic support to countries in order to contain the spread of communism and Soviet influence. The Plan provided resources to rebuild, it provided economic aid, and it prevented communist expansion. The US passed many acts and agreements to put this plan into place

Key individuals/groups involved: United States + countries provided aid to

Outcome of the event: The Marshall plan was one of the most successful programs for foreign aid in the history of the US. it carries a legacy and is a symbol of diplomacy. the program helped to restore the economies of many European countries after the war.

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Cause(s) of the event: The Berlin wall was built to signify the ideological divide between west and east Germany during the cold war. east Germany being controlled by the communist Soviet union, and the west being controlled by the US, France, and britain. After the initial split, many Germans on the east side began to flee to the west to escape from communist control. The Soviet union built this barrier to prevent this from happening and to maintain better control.

What occurred during the event: The Berlin wall was built to prevent east germans from crossing into west Germany to escape communism. many people still attempted to cross despite the establishment of the wall. though some were successful, many died in their attempts. after much rigorous protest, the east German officials finally allowed east Germans to cross into the west. the opening of the boarder was much celebrated and was the first step to the reunification of Germany which happened shortly after.

Key individuals/groups involved: Nikita Khrushchev, John F. Kennedy, Walter Ulbricht

Outcome of the event: The fall of the Berlin blockade ultimately signified the reunification of east and west germany and the fall of the Soviet union.

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Cause(s) of the event: the CCP had authoritarian rule over china. it caused people to begin to demand more freedom and a more democratic government. china also had a huge economic change, in which only government officials were benefiting from these new economic reforms, leaving most people with less financial benefit. this contributed to the citizens in satisfaction with the communist government. another contribution to the dissatisfaction was the death of Hu Yuabang. this caused much protest and students gathered in the tianmen square to mourn the death of yu yaobang.

What occurred during the event: to protest the corrupt government of the CCP, students gathered in the square and held many demonstrations, to combat these protests, the army was sent to the square and they ran people over with tanks, killing many people.

Key individuals/groups involved:CCP, students protesting

Outcome of the event: many people were killed during this and foreign tensions were intensified.

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Cause(s) of the event: China had a weak central government, decades of conflict and foreign issues led to a weakened government and lack of strong unification. communism gained popularity throughout China, Mao Zedong promoted the CCP specifically to peasants who made up a majority of the population. the KMT was a nationalist group that was viewed as corrupt by communist supporters. this caused many disagreements. The CCP advocated for a communist revolution, while the KMT sought to establish a nationalist government. this caused the Chinese revolution, which was a civil war between the CCP and KMT, which was fuelled by many decades of conflict and the growing popularity of communism.

What occurred during the event: The Chinese revolution is also known as the Chinese Civil War, it was a conflict between the nationalist KMT and communist CCP. communism gained the most popularity specifically throughout peasants, while the KMT was seen as corrupt. the communists eventually overwhelmed the power of the nationalists and took victory.

Key individuals/groups involved: Mao Zedong (CCP), Chiang Kai-shek (KTP)

Outcome of the event: the CCP eventually took a victory and led to the communist control of mainland china by 1949. the KTP retreated to taiwan and established their own government there known as the republic of china.

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Cause(s) of the event: Cuba was under the regime of president Fulgencio Batista from 1953-1959. his rule was seen as very corrupt, as it denied civil liberties and had relations to organized crime. Cuba its self had many economic issues. the imbalance of wealth was a major problem, as the wealth was mainly in the hands of only a few, while everyone else was in poverty. the US had put much influence on Cuba, the people just wanted justice and a society that was free from the influence of foreign nations. Fidel Castro emerged and led the revolution in attempt to fight against Batistas rule.

What occurred during the event: Fidel Castro led the Cubans into a revolution against Batistas rule. The revolution had small numbers, so they use guerrilla warfare tactics. such as ambushing and raiding. these tactics weakened Batista and showed his weaknesses.

Key individuals/groups involved: Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro

Outcome of the event: Batistas regime was overthrown and Fidel castro established a new government in Cuba.

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Cause(s) of the event: the invasion was caused by the cold war tensions between Soviet communism and the US's anticommunist ideology. the US gained distrust in the Cuban leader Fidel Castro because he took over the Cuban government and many US owned businesses.

What occurred during the event: the US preseident was planning a way to attempt to overthrow the Cuban government. he began training Cuban exiles to invade. president Kennedy approved of the plan in hope of stopping the spread of communism. The CIA trained the exiles and were a major contributor.

Key individuals/groups involved: US government, president Kennedy, CIA, Cuban exiles, Fidel Castro, Soviet union

Outcome of the event: the invasion was a major fail. the invaders were quickly captures by Castro's army and it ultimatley intensified tensions between the US and Cuba and soviets

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Cause(s) of the event: the Berlin blockade was caused after the division of Germany between the allied powers. after the division into 4 occupation zones, the German territory was split into west Germany, which was occupied by the US, France, and Britain, and East Germany, which was occupied by the Soviet union. This division lead to tensions between the two groups because of disagreement over the future of the territory.

What occurred during the event: The Soviet union, who controlled East Germany and occupied the city of Berlin, decided to cut off all railroad, river, and road routs into the western side of Germany in attempt to force the controllers of the west to abandon their control of the area.

Key individuals/groups involved: The key individuals and groups involved in the Berlin Blockade and Airlift were the Soviet Union (blockading), the United States, Great Britain, and France (airlifting)

Outcome of the event: The Soviet Union was unsuccessful in taking over the Western Germany. The West had successfully been supplied with the resources they needed thanks to the efforts of the US, France, and Britain.