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Government:parliamentary monarchy

Current leader:King Felipe VI, Pedro Santos

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Government: parliamentary system

Current leader: Ulf Kritersson

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Government: parliamentary representative democracy

Current leader: Dick Schoof

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Government: constitutional monarchy

Current leader: Frieden Luc, Henri grand Duke of Luxembourg

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Government: republic

Current leader: Antonio Costa

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Government: parliamentary republic

Current leader: Sergio Mattarella

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Government: constitutional monarchy

Current leader: Mette Frederiksen, King Frederick X

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Government: semi presidential republic

Current leader: Emmanuel Macron

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Government: constitutional monarchy

Current leader: King Charles III, Keir Stomee

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Government: directorial system

Current leader: Karin Keller-Sutter

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Government: constitutional monarchy

Current leader: Harold the fifth of Norway, John Gare Store

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Government: parliamentary republic

Current leader: Mario draghi

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Government: parliamentary republic

Current leader: Mario draghi

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Government: unitary parliamentary republic

Current leader: Kyriakos Mitsotakis

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Government: parliamentary republic

Current leader: Olaf Sholtz

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Government: constitutional monarchy

Current leader: Philippe of Belgium, Bart de Weber

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Government: semi presidential republic

Current leader: Emmanuel Macron

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Government: federal parliamentary republic

Current leader: Alexander Van der Bellen

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Government: parliamentary republic

Current leader: Halla Tómasdóttir

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Government: parliamentary republic

Current leader: sanna Marin

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Government: unitary parliamentary republic

Current leader: Kyriakos Mitsotakis

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Government: parliamentary republic

Current leader: Michael Martin

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Feudalism is a form of government in the shape of a pyramid where the king or lords apare at the top and serfs or peasants are at the bottom. Serfs farm the land to provide crops for the manor. In return they are given security safety by the knights. The lord is in charge of the knights.

Ducksters. "Middle Ages: Feudal System and Feudalism." Ducksters, Technological Solutions, Inc. (TSI), www.ducksters.com/history/middle_ages_feudal_system.php. Accessed 20 March 2025

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Viking means to raid. Vikings would steal and attack from vulnerable monasteries. Vikings were well known for theirs ships called longships which are fast and moving usually by oars or sails. The Vikings as well made larger ships for trading called Knarr.

Ducksters. "Middle Ages for Kids: Vikings." Ducksters, Technological Solutions, Inc. (TSI), www.ducksters.com/history/middle_ages_vikings.php. Accessed 24 March 2025.

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The Black death was a horrible sickness with no cure that spread through Europe from, 1347 to 1350. The disease most likely started in Asia and traveled through the Silk Road by fleas which were on rats. About one third of Europe population was killed from the disease. The Black Death is now known as the bubonic plague and very few get the disease now.

Ducksters. "Middle Ages for Kids: Black Death Plague." Ducksters, Technological Solutions, Inc. (TSI), www.ducksters.com/history/middle_ages_black_death.php. Accessed 24 March 2025.

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The crusades were multiple wars where the European army, holy Roman Empire, Arabs and Christians fought in. Everyone wanted to take the holy land. Jerusalem was important to multiple religions, for Jewish people is the original temple to God was there, which was built by King Solomon, for Muslims it was important since they believe Mohammed moved upwards to heaven and for Christians they believe that Jesus Christ was killed and rose from the dead.

Ducksters. "Middle Ages for Kids: Crusades." Ducksters, Technological Solutions, Inc. (TSI), www.ducksters.com/history/middle_ages_crusades.php. Accessed 24 March 2025.