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Methane Research Takes on New Urgency at MIT | ILP

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The MIT Methane Network brings together 26 researchers from MIT along with representatives of other institutions "that are dedicated to the idea that we can reduce methane levels in our lifetime," says Plata.

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Methane Research Takes on New Urgency at MIT | ILP

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The MIT Methane Network brings together 26 researchers from MIT along with representatives of other institutions "that are dedicated to the idea that we can reduce methane levels in our lifetime," says Plata.

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Brown algae help us fight climate change

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Brown algae suck up large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air each year.

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How Does Motorcycle Exhaust System Work? (Expert Explanation) | The Moto Planet

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Exhaust is one of the most exciting systems on a motorcycle, and it is often discussed does it affect the way your motorcycle accelerates, sounds…

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How Does Motorcycle Exhaust System Work? (Expert Explanation) | The Moto Planet

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Exhaust is one of the most exciting systems on a motorcycle, and it is often discussed does it affect the way your motorcycle accelerates, sounds…

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The use of porous solid adsorbents in energy transformation systems was proposed starting from the end of the seventies [1]. The idea was to use the release/storage of heat associated with the adsorption/desorption of vapours on porous solids to develop a thermally driven, adsorption heat pump. This heat pump is a compressor-free machine that works like an inverse Carnot cycle utilizing a low temperature energy source like the solar energy or waste heat. Detailed descriptions of the adsorption heat pumps and their thermodynamic functioning are reported in the literature [2], [3], [4], [5].

The zeolite/water pair was proposed since the beginning of the researches in heat-pumping/air conditioning applications and the first prototypes of adsorption heat pumps/chillers used adsorbent beds made of zeolite loose grains or powder [5], [6]. The experimental activities on these machines, operating in a semi-continuous cycle, evidenced significant restrictions due to the poor heat transfer between the adsorbent bed and the pump heat exchanger. The causes were the zeolite intrinsic low thermal conductivity and the use of unconsolidated beds with a bad contact at the zeolite-metal interface. For the above reasons, the research activity has been mainly addressed to the improvement of the thermal exchanges by modifying the design of the adsorbent bed/heat exchanger assembly.

To improve the adsorbent material thermal conductivity it was proposed to compact the zeolite powder inside a matrix of expanded graphite [7] or in a metal foam [8]. Alternatively, the zeolite powder was directly compacted on the heat exchanger surface by a certain amount of binder, forming a thick adsorbent coating. The compacted adsorbent beds demonstrated a better thermal conductivity but a lower porosity [9]. The increase in density and thickness due to the powder compaction caused a reduction in the water vapour permeability, so that, mass transfer became the new limiting issue [7]. According to the typical thermodynamic cycle of an adsorption heat pump working with a water/zeolite pair [3], the water vapour partial pressure in the adsorption stage is very low (8-12 mbar) and a compacted bed, even few tens of millimetres thick, has elevated resistance to mass transfer.

The direct synthesis of thin zeolite coatings on the heat exchanger walls has been considered by some authors as a possible solution [10], [11], [12]. Indeed, the zeolite layers that can be directly grown on the metal surface are in the range of 20-80 μm in thickness [13]. In this case, the heat transfer across the interface should be strongly increased due to the close contact between the exchanger surface and the zeolite, while the mass transfer resistance is substantially reduced. However, thin adsorbent coatings require larger heat exchanger surface to get the needed adsorbent mass, leading to an increase in the metal/zeolite mass ratio and a consequent machine performance drop [2]. In order to keep this ratio low, the key issue is to have an exchanger with high surface area per unit weight and thick, directly grown, zeolite coatings.

In this work, a copper foam, on purpose prepared, was used as support to grow a multilayer zeolite 4A coating. The just prepared foam samples were preliminary seeded by dip coating in a colloidal seed solution and were then exposed to a hydrothermal synthesis treatment. A second synthesis treatment was repeated for further coating accretion. Finally, the coated foams were tested by measuring the water-sorption equilibrium curves in a temperature and pressure range close to the working conditions of an adsorption pump.

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Zeolite coated copper foams for heat pumping applications

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The preparation of a metal supported in situ grown adsorbent bed for adsorption heat pump applications is discussed. The active phase, the zeolite 4A,...

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Traditional copper foam is more commonly used for air filters
(As of 2021)

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Copper foam is the type of copper to be used in the prototype.

Melting Point: 1085 °C

Boiling Point: 2562 ° C

https://shilpent.com/metal-foams/93-copper-foam.html

Copper foam

Melting Point | >1600°

https://camachem.com/en/zeolite.html

Zeolite

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I used the concept of Monopoly game for kids. This will educate them to recycle, teach them how to recycle and the importance of recycling. I created a RECYCLO board game for children age 7 – 14 years old.

The aim of the game is to get two tokens from Start to the Dark Green Recycling bin and experience all sorts of recycling adventures! The player with the most amount of money at the end of the game wins!

There are 3 types of cards; Action cards, Risk cards and Question cards

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Best Selling Motorcycle Brand in Indonesia 2022

No. | Motor Brand and Type | Price Estimation
1. | Honda Beat CBS | IDR 17 million
2. | Honda Scoopy Stylish | IDR 22 million
3. | Yamaha All New NMAX 155 Connected/ABS Version | IDR 17 million

The size of the filter will depend on the size of the most commonly used motorcycles in Indonesia.

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What if the airflow is too fast or slow? Will the zeolite pores get clogged?

Filter will be cylindrical - about 1-2 cm?

What is the diameter of a motorcycle’s exhaust tube

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Mitsubishi Kaizen patented 8 claims on the copper zeolite filter
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN107709239A/en

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The heat of exhaust pipe in motorcycle: — Header pipe is about 540-870 C (1000-1600 F) — Mid pipes are about 450-540 C (850-1000 F) — Catalytic converter is about 300-650 C (600-1200 F) — Muffler is about 200-260 C (400-500 F)

This temperature would activate the copper

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I used canva to design the board game, the cards  and the wheel and then to print  out  the cards and the board game and I used recyclables to make the tokens for the board game.

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I used canva to design the board game, the cards  and the wheel and then to print  out  the cards and the board game and I used recyclables to make the tokens for the board game.

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Zachary

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Do you know how much solid wate were generated and how much were recycled, in 2022? In 2022 about 7.39 million tones of solid waste were generated of which 4.19 million tones were recycled.

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Do you know how much solid wate were generated and how much were recycled, in 2022? In 2022 about 7.39 million tones of solid waste were generated of which 4.19 million tones were recycled.

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Zachary

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MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Methane is a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, and it has a pronounced effect within first two decades of its presence in the atmosphere. In the recent international climate negotiations in Glasgow, abatement of methane emissions was identified as a major priority in attempts to curb global climate change quickly.

Now, a team of researchers at MIT has come up with a promising approach to controlling methane emissions and removing it from the air, using an inexpensive and abundant type of clay called zeolite. The findings are described in the journal ACS Environment Au, in a paper by doctoral student Rebecca Brenneis, Associate Professor Desiree Plata, and two others.

Although many people associate atmospheric methane with drilling and fracking for oil and natural gas, those sources only account for about 18 percent of global methane emissions, Plata says. The vast majority of emitted methane comes from such sources as slash-and-burn agriculture, dairy farming, coal and ore mining, wetlands, and melting permafrost. "A lot of the methane that comes into the atmosphere is from distributed and diffuse sources, so we started to think about how you could take that out of the atmosphere," she says.

The answer the researchers found was something dirt cheap - in fact, a special kind of "dirt," or clay. They used zeolite clays, a material so inexpensive that it is currently used to make cat litter. Treating the zeolite with a small amount of copper, the team found, makes the material very effective at absorbing methane from the air, even at extremely low concentrations.

The system is simple in concept, though much work remains on the engineering details. In their lab tests, tiny particles of the copper-enhanced zeolite material, similar to cat litter, were packed into a reaction tube, which was then heated from the outside as the stream of gas, with methane levels ranging from just 2 parts per million up to 2 percent concentration, flowed through the tube. That range covers everything that might exist in the atmosphere, down to subflammable levels that cannot be burned or flared directly.

The process has several advantages over other approaches to removing methane from air, Plata says. Other methods tend to use expensive catalysts such as platinum or palladium, require high temperatures of at least 600 degrees Celsius, and tend to require complex cycling between methane-rich and oxygen-rich streams, making the devices both more complicated and more risky, as methane and oxygen are highly combustible on their own and in combination.

"The 600 degrees where they run these reactors makes it almost dangerous to be around the methane," as well as the pure oxygen, Brenneis says. "They're solving the problem by just creating a situation where there's going to be an explosion." Other engineering complications also arise from the high operating temperatures. Unsurprisingly, such systems have not found much use.

As for the new process, "I think we're still surprised at how well it works," says Plata, who is the Gilbert W. Winslow Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering. The process seems to have its peak effectiveness at about 300 degrees Celsius, which requires far less energy for heating than other methane capture processes. It also can work at concentrations of methane lower than other methods can address, even small fractions of 1 percent, which most methods cannot remove, and does so in air rather than pure oxygen, a major advantage for real-world deployment.

The method converts the methane into carbon dioxide. That might sound like a bad thing, given the worldwide efforts to combat carbon dioxide emissions. "A lot of people hear 'carbon dioxide' and they panic; they say 'that's bad,'" Plata says. But she points out that carbon dioxide is much less impactful in the atmosphere than methane, which is about 80 times stronger as a greenhouse gas over the first 20 years, and about 25 times stronger for the first century. This effect arises from that fact that methane turns into carbon dioxide naturally over time in the atmosphere. By accelerating that process, this method would drastically reduce the near-term climate impact, she says. And, even converting half of the atmosphere's methane to carbon dioxide would increase levels of the latter by less than 1 part per million (about 0.2 percent of today's atmospheric carbon dioxide) while saving about 16 percent of total radiative warming.

The ideal location for such systems, the team concluded, would be in places where there is a relatively concentrated source of methane, such as dairy barns and coal mines. These sources already tend to have powerful air-handling systems in place, since a buildup of methane can be a fire, health, and explosion hazard. To surmount the outstanding engineering details, the team has just been awarded a $2 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to continue to develop specific equipment for methane removal in these types of locations.

"The key advantage of mining air is that we move a lot of it," she says. "You have to pull fresh air in to enable miners to breathe, and to reduce explosion risks from enriched methane pockets. So, the volumes of air that are moved in mines are enormous." The concentration of methane is too low to ignite, but it's in the catalysts' sweet spot, she says.

Adapting the technology to specific sites should be relatively straightforward. The lab setup the team used in their tests consisted of "only a few components, and the technology you would put in a cow barn could be pretty simple as well," Plata says. However, large volumes of gas do not flow that easily through clay, so the next phase of the research will focus on ways of structuring the clay material in a multiscale, hierarchical configuration that will aid air flow.

"We need new technologies for oxidizing methane at concentrations below those used in flares and thermal oxidizers," says Rob Jackson, a professor of earth systems science at Stanford University, who was not involved in this work. "There isn't a cost-effective technology today for oxidizing methane at concentrations below about 2,000 parts per million."

Jackson adds, "Many questions remain for scaling this and all similar work: How quickly will the catalyst foul under field conditions? Can we get the required temperatures closer to ambient conditions? How scaleable will such technologies be when processing large volumes of air?"

One potential major advantage of the new system is that the chemical process involved releases heat. By catalytically oxidizing the methane, in effect the process is a flame-free form of combustion. If the methane concentration is above 0.5 percent, the heat released is greater than the heat used to get the process started, and this heat could be used to generate electricity.

The team's calculations show that "at coal mines, you could potentially generate enough heat to generate electricity at the power plant scale, which is remarkable because it means that the device could pay for itself," Plata says. "Most air-capture solutions cost a lot of money and would never be profitable. Our technology may one day be a counterexample."

Using the new grant money, she says, "over the next 18 months we're aiming to demonstrate a proof of concept that this can work in the field," where conditions can be more challenging than in the lab. Ultimately, they hope to be able to make devices that would be compatible with existing air-handling systems and could simply be an extra component added in place. "The coal mining application is meant to be at a stage that you could hand to a commercial builder or user three years from now," Plata says.

In addition to Plata and Brenneis, the team included Yale University PhD student Eric Johnson and former MIT postdoc Wenbo Shi. The work was supported by the Gerstner Philanthropies, Vanguard Charitable Trust, the Betty Moore Inventor Fellows Program, and MIT's Research Support Committee.

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A dirt-cheap solution? Common clay materials may help curb methane emissions

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MIT researchers have come up with a promising approach to controlling methane emissions and removing it from the air, using an inexpensive and abundant clay called zeolite.

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Can you kindly advise me if I need both water and air filters, or just water filter will do?

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Mr lee this is my not completed prototype , I added a funnel

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Methane gas is the second most produced gas after Co2 in motorcycles. By using copper and zeolite, methane gas can be made into oxygen

https://news.mit.edu/2022/dirt-cheap-solution-common-clay-materials-may-help-curb-methane-emissions#:~:text=They%20used%20zeolite%20clays%2C%20a,even%20at%20extremely%20low%20concentrations.

Copper and the zeolite is heated by the exhaust and works to covert methane into oxygen - no need to cool down the exhaust

Thanks for the idea Jacqueline

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2 areas to note are:

1. How to draw moist air into the chamber e.g. a funnel to direct inward

2. How to lower the temperature within the chamber and create a ‘large’ area surface (e.g. multiple fold) to allow the vapour in the air to condense.

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1. The solution is harder to realize as the accuracy of an imaging device is proportional to its cost.
2. Besides, imaging device usually requires to use a computer to process the captured image of the healing process.
3. Thermal imaging camera is only able to capture surface temperature unless the injured area would emit higher temperature through the skin. For preventive purposes that you are innovating/inventing, temperature may not be a good gauge.

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MOF to filter CO2 and break it down into harmless organic materials in addition to the original PM 2.5 filter already in the motorcycle

https://www.c2es.org/content/main-greenhouse-gases/ (picture above)

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. (Which is why I need MOF to break this gas down) https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#:~:text=Carbon%20dioxide%20(CO2)%20is,gas%20emitted%20through%20human%20activities.

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The most common materials used for chilled water pipe insulation include polyurethane foam, cellular glass, fiberglass, elastomeric, and phenolic foam.

Cellular Glass

Zero-permeability, moisture-resistant, non-combustible cellular glass can withstand a high amount of compression and wide temperature variations.

The manufacturing of partially closed-cell cellular glass transforms melted glass into rigid foam used as pipe insulation.

Fiberglass

Manufacturers make cost-effective, thermal, fire, and moisture-resistant open-cell fiberglass insulation material from minute strands of glass in blow-in, loose-fill, rolls, and pre-cut batts. For solidarity, they often use binders or oils.

Elastomeric Insulation

Closed-cell elastomeric insulation contains elastomers, giving it high elasticity and flexibility.

Phenolic Foam Insulation

Phenolic foam offers closed-cell insulation with a high R-value and low thermal conductivity. When paired with a quality vapor barrier, closed-cell phenolic insulation, like Polyguard PolyPhen® phenolic insulation, creates a permeability rating of nearly 0.0, to provide excellent protection against chilled water pipe condensation.

Manufacturing makes fire-resistant phenolic foam in large buns by mixing a surface-acting compound with phenolic resin and solids, resulting in a network of microscopic bubbles that cures into foam insulation for chilled water systems. They ship the insulation to the job site after gluing the vapor barrier jackets to the phenolic insulation sections. During application, the contractor will seal the longitudinal seams of the insulation with mastic, then seal the vapor barrier with self-sealing double-coated tape.

https://polyguard.com/mechanical/blog/chilled-water-pipe-insulation

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https://shopee.sg/search?keyword=small%20knife

https://shopee.sg/search?keyword=knife

https://shopee.sg/search?keyword=mini%20knife&trackingId=searchhint-1695441461-57f6f3ed-59c5-11ee-ac27-9203f6c33dc9

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My name is Eliot.

I am seven years old.

I am homeschooled.

My problem is that there is too much trash in the ocean.

It is  important to solve because it hurts  the environment and marine life.

My invention is called trash collector 1000. It collects trash from the river and it prevents trash from going into the ocean.

Research questions

Who is affected by this?  Answer, Marine life.

What type of trash gets thrown into the ocean? Answer,  plastic bags, metal cans, and egg  covering

The clean collector collects trash in the river.It prevents trash from going into the sea so that sea animals won’t die from eating plastic trash

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A new home for Asia's largest bird park | The Great Migration | Full Episode

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I am trying to solve the huge problem of tower cranes falling over. It is very dangerous for the crane operator and the workers on the ground if a crane falls over. The crane operator will likely get injured or die! Workers on the ground can get crushed by the falling crane, and if they get crushed, they will suffer fatal injuries and they could also die!

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1. When skydiving, if your parachute fails while you are falling, there is a very slim chance of survival
2. my bike tire bursts mid-ride and i can't pump the tire
3. You can't recycle food

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1. Can’t put unclean items into the recycling bin
2. Bugs coming out of the drain
3. Fish in the ocean have micro plastic in them which we eat

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However, looking closer at this study from more than 30 years ago it appears that the authors of the NASA study, and a few researchers since then, may have overstated the impact indoor potted plants have on air quality. More recent research has been indicating that you would need an impractical number of houseplants to make any difference.

Apparently we need to be outnumbered by plants indoors just the same as we are outdoors. From a visual perspective, much more than 20% visible vegetation can be distracting or overwhelming , so using plants to clean the air might just not be efficient. But let's take a look at the available research on how plants interact with different pollutants and how many plants are needed to purify air.

Do plants remove VOCs?

An infamous review article in Nature from 2020 titled " Potted plants do not improve indoor air quality: a review and analysis of reported VOC removal efficiencies " by Bryan Cummings and Michael Waring at Drexel University looked at 196 different VOC removal tests with plants across 12 different published papers. Cummings and Waring pointed out several problems with the methods of the papers they reviewed, including using sterile sealed chambers just large enough to fit the plant alone and injecting the VOCs once and allowing the plant to sit with them. In the real world, indoor plants are in large rooms with people, furniture, building materials, and continuous sources of VOCs.

The term VOC refers to a very wide variety of substances that tend to become gasses at room temperature. The pungent smells of paints, glues, lacquers, and similar products represent high concentrations of VOCs in the air, as do other strong smells like alcoholic beverages, essential oils, or new synthetic materials. Most homes have constant low levels of VOCs from new clothing, furniture, building materials, or cleaning products. In general VOCs do not have an immediate impact, but exposure over time is linked to asthma in children and formation of potentially more harmful particle pollution . Some VOCs, such as benzene in gasoline , are considered carcinogens, so there is a lot of interest in finding ways to reduce them in the home.

Cummings and Waring found a very wide range of VOC removal rates. The impact of different VOCs was inconsistent across studies, as was the performance of different plant species. But they said that in 196 experiments, plants were able to clean an average of 0.062 cubic meters of air per plant per hour, which is only about 13% of the half a cubic meter we breathe at the same time.

A plant would need to clean many times the amount of air a person breathes to effectively provide air that has less pollution. But plants do have some impact, depending on their size, leaf shape, and individual characteristics, so let's look at the studies on a few specific species.
How much pollution do arrowhead plants remove?
In one study, enough benzene to raise the concentration to 250 times the safe limit was injected into a tiny chamber with an arrowhead plant . The chamber was then sealed for eight days. The arrowhead plant in addition to its soil was able to purify about 1% of a cubic foot or a little more than a third of a liter of air an hour. The rate dropped by half when the arrowhead plant was in just water, showing that much of the removal was due to the soil and microorganisms in the soil.

By comparison in one test our Molekule Mini air purifier was able to clear toluene, a close relative of benzene, at a lower concentration but a larger amount in a much larger chamber more than 100,000 times faster.

* Removed 99.7% toluene in a 30 cubic meter chamber in 8 hours from an initial concentration of 1938 μg/m 3
How much pollution do Ficus plants remove?
One researcher subjected Ficus to formaldehyde about ten times the safe limit for five hours and a relatively safe amount of toluene and xylene for 24 hours. The plants were in a medium-sized (one square meter) chamber. Interestingly, the different Ficus species did admirably at removing the large amount of formaldehyde, getting to the neighborhood of 10 cubic feet or 300 liters per hour. It is not clear if those results translate to the much lower levels typical of households or if it is sufficient to reduce the impact of formaldehyde.

Mini was able to remove formaldehyde more than 25 times faster, but Ficus plants just might be able to remove enough formaldehyde to matter. Plants can use airborne formaldehyde in their metabolisms , possibly because formaldehyde is extremely simple and small. So putting a few potted Ficus or other plants around may lower the concentration of formaldehyde, but primarily during the day when they are photosynthesizing.

*Removed 56.2% toluene in a 30 cubic meter chamber in 8 hours from an initial concentration of 1071 μg/m3

Toluene and xylene were less impressive, however, and Mini was about 600 times faster.

* Removed 99.7% toluene in a 30 cubic meter chamber in 8 hours from an initial concentration of 1938 ug/m 3

The plants' metabolisms either did not have a use for the larger and more complex toluene, xylene, or benzene molecules, or could not remove them as quickly for some other reason.

Plants and particle pollution

A medium sized or spider plant with their many long leaves have a lot of surface areas for houseplants at around 1,200 square centimeters total. By comparison our lungs have an internal surface area of 50 to 75 square , or around 500 times as much, and our lungs are constantly pulling in air with the power of our diaphragm muscles, which plants do not have. Similarly, the dense forest of fibers in an air filter offers a lot of surface area to trap particles.
How much pollution do spider plants remove?
An experiment placing spider plants in different occupied rooms for 2 months found the leaves accumulated about 2-4 times the weight of particles by area than aluminum plates in the same rooms, which means they are better than nothing. We don't know what the air quality was like in these rooms, but the maximum amount of particles each spider plant accumulated was around 20 micrograms per square centimeter of leaf. A spider plant has somewhere around square centimeters of leaves, which makes for 50,000 micrograms per plant in 2 months (an aspirin tablet weighs 300,000-500,000 micrograms, in comparison).

*Estimated assuming an 8.5×11 inch aluminum plate

We can use the particle deposition data above to get an idea of how the presence of other plant species might remove particles.
How much pollution do aloe vera and other succulents remove?

We can estimate how many particles might fall on it, however. A mature 6-month old aloe vera plant in normal soil has about 12 long leaves with about 600 square centimeters per leaf. The leaves stick straight up so let's assume all 7,200 square centimeters capture particles. Plants vary widely in the ability to capture particles, with the most effective being able to capture around 75 micrograms per cubic centimeter . Let's give aloe vera the benefit of the doubt and assume it captures particles as well as the best.

Even if aloe vera was particularly skilled at capturing particles, it doesn't quite remove enough pollution to have a significant impact. At best it would remove particles similarly to a person who is out of breath.

Plants are great to have around and offer many benefits, including a tiny amount of air cleaning, but they don't compare to an air purifier or proper ventilation. Keep an eye on and our , , and accounts for more on the science of clean air.

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How many plants does it take to clean the air?

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It takes a lot of plants to clean the air. A NASA study in 1989 found some interesting results when exposing plants to the air pollution chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It seemed that the plants in combination with the soil and soil microbes could reduce the amount of VOCs in the air.

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Hi Inventors, for those planning your trifold boards, to get a good picture you can get an A4 sized paper, fold it in half then fold the sides in like doors. This mimics the cardboard board you will have to design and create and can be used to draft your ideas of placement. Pls refer to the colourful Invention log page 16 to help you include the necessary information.

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Working on
1. Logbook pg 11 onwards
2. Start to write out the pitch pg 16~18
and post on padlet
3. To work on no 4 board at home.
4. To print boards and cards once completed and paste the design on a plastic corrugated board.
5. Practice pitch at home

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DIY Cold Drinks Dispenser Construction | DIY Project

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DIY Cold Drinks Dispenser Construction | DIY Project

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Mason completed his
1. Game instructions
2. Choosing his traps - toy garbage bins found on lazada.
3. Working on finishing his boards. He has 1.5 boards to complete.

He has total 8 traps ( dustbins) so will need to purchase 8 of these

He intends to make some adjustments to the traps to make swing lods so that once a person's token falls in the trap, they are in the garbage till their next turn.

If he has time he has intention to explore a sensor bin feature. This is extra , once all the rest of game is completed.

https://s.lazada.sg/s.bxHCJ

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Shi Yi is completing his designs till his final prototype. To label date and describe all of them.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/10Y-XSmx8XX7372kqx7KhxVp7-dMarRgeHPsMEizjzuk/edit?usp=sharing

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https://padlet.com/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fdocument%2Fd%2F1KGZYUylrI35y3yQBvxDG6H1sZqQ17GOIP6zYLtYz0io%2Fedit%3Fusp%3Dsharing

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As discussed, look at creating prototype (model) of pedaling that would "generate" electricity to charge batteries.
You would consider to sell a device without the chair unless the chair holds the charge otherwise people may find it too bulky.  Imagine your device allows you as a student to cycle while in school under your desk, and the charge can be used to charge your tablet or chrome book/phone battery. The device would be very powerful because it can be carried around, used anywhere versus one tied to a chair.

Parts for the first prototype could include cardboard built as pedals, wheels; strings/twine as chain, box simulating as motor and USB cable to a phone/battery pack, etc.

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you can look at chilled pipe/double insulation systems for cooling the exhaust before it reaches the plants

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you can look at chilled pipe/double insulation systems for cooling the exhaust before it reaches the plants

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with your speech - add problems that you faced with your prototypes and how you changed it and how you solved these problems. how many times did you have to change. who helped? who did you talk to about it? what else do you have to do to improve it? will you patent this?

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https://pixabay.com/images/search/fortune%20cookies/

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https://shopee.sg/Litgrow-Composting-Bin-Garden-Composter-with-Security-Sliding-Door-Used-to-Quickly-Create-Fertile-Soil-Compost-Tumbler-i.240844479.18781788925?sp_atk=b60e2da0-16b9-4513-a7c5-c126477593e4&xptdk=b60e2da0-16b9-4513-a7c5-c126477593e4

https://shopee.sg/Litgrow-Tumbling-Composter-18.5Gallon-70-Liter-Single-Chamber-Compost-Tumbler-Outdoor-Garden-Yard-Waste-Bins-Aeration-and-Mixing-System-i.240844479.19090755113?sp_atk=8ec134c6-4918-4d52-968c-3158e538afa1&xptdk=8ec134c6-4918-4d52-968c-3158e538afa1

https://shopee.sg/search?keyword=compost%20blender

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Prototype 2 is a rectangular frame that is set up across the river, standing on either side of the banks.

It has a mechanical grabber that can move side to side and up and down to collect both floating and sunken trash.

It has “teeth” that helps hold on to slippery items, like glass bottles. It is made out of stainless steel so that it doesn’t rust.

After it grabs the trash, the grabber moves across the frame, and drops the trash into the trash compactor.

What problems/issues might you have? Who did you talk to about this design? And what did they think?

I spoke to my mother and we discussed these possible issues:-

1. The structure of the trash collector might not look so good in the scenery

2. It needs to be powered by other sources beyond solar, in case the weather is cloudy

3. Limited amount of trash can be picked up by the grabber at any time

How can you fix those problems?

I will improve on the solution in my next prototype.

How does Prototype 3 (final) work?

Prototype 3 is a trash collection solution that is used to prevent trash from rivers/canals from flowing into the oceans.

The size of the structure is made to fit the river so that the collection net will be able to sieve all the water and the trash.

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The structure is set up across the river, on either side of the banks.
On the rectangular-shaped frame, there is a mechanical grabber that has “teeth” that will help grab slippery items. It is made of stainless steel so that it won’t rust.
The grabber can go down and up to lift the trash that is floating on the river, as well as trash that is sunk to bottom of the riverbed.
It is powered by solar panels.
After the grabber picks up the trash, it goes across the frame to one side of the river and puts the trash in the trash compactor.

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still need to find a problem statement. at the moment it looks like you're focusing on deforestation causing a lack of Oxygen in the planet, but today we saw that this isn't an issue for the next 1 billion years. (https://massivesci.com/notes/sun-oxygen-reactions-elements-atmosphere/#:~:text=Our%20Sun%20is%20middle%2Daged,changes%20will%20affect%20our%20planet.) Instead, let's focus on something more relevant and critical. You are also looking at plants making electricity -therefore, maybe narrow down your topic to focus on renewable energy, truly renewable energy - coming from plants. Then think of all the 5W1H questions to sort out the solution.

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Earth's oxygen is projected to run out in a billion years

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As the Sun ages, Earth's processes will change

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https://www.google.com/search?q=how+much+food+is+wasted+in+singapore&rlz=1C9BKJA_enSG915SG915&hl=en-GB&sxsrf=AB5stBhnBIrG4_3zOwqfjELKM2b3oVkVoA%3A1690007761988&ei=0Xi7ZMX4O7iW4-EPiuWSeA&oq=how+much+food+is+in+singapore&gs_lp=EhNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwIh1ob3cgbXVjaCBmb29kIGlzIGluIHNpbmdhcG9yZSoCCAAyBhAAGAcYHjIGEAAYCBgeMgYQABgIGB4yBhAAGAgYHjIGEAAYCBgeMgYQABgIGB4yBhAAGAgYHjIIEAAYCBgeGA9ItI0BUIpMWPmEAXAAeAKQAQCYAccEoAHpEqoBCzAuMS4xLjMuMS4xuAEByAEA-AEBwgIEEAAYR8ICCBAAGAcYHhgPwgIFEAAYgATCAgcQABgNGIAEwgIIEAAYCBgHGB7iAwQYACBBiAYBkAYI&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp#sbfbu=0&pi=how%20much%20food%20is%20wasted%20in%20singapore

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how much food is wasted in singapore - Google Search

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Every day in Singapore, we throw away more than 2,000 tonnes — that’s 2 million kilograms — of food.Dec 28, 2022

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https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=singapore+food+import+statistics&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=singapore+food+import+statistics&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8

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Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds.

Over 90% of food today is imported to meet our growing consumption needs. In 2021, one person in Singapore consumed an average of around 390 eggs, 100 kg of vegetables, 22 kg of seafood, 62 kg of meat (i.e. chicken, pork, beef, mutton) and 76 kg of fruits.

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singapore food import statistics - Google Search

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Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds. Over 90% of food today is imported to meet our growing consumption needs. In 2021, one person in Singapore consumed an average of around 390 eggs, 100 kg of vegetables, 22 kg of seafood, 62 kg of meat (i.e.

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https://www.sfa.gov.sg/docs/default-source/publication/sg-food-statistics/singapore-food-statistics-2021.pdf.            ———————————————————————————— https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/every-singaporean-household-throws-away-average-s258-worth-food-year-study

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Everyday a person waste about two bowls of rice.  Where does this go? In a bin, in the pee-ew garbage truck or the landfill?  Or better still the compost pile or bin.  Do you know that Singapore imports 90% of the food and produces 10% of its food.  The problem is ... 15-20% is wasted daily, a whopping 2000 tonnes of food

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https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/cna-explains-where-does-singapore-get-its-food-2709161#:~:text=More%20than%2090%20per%20cent,Singapore%20Food%20Agency%20(SFA).

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SINGAPORE: With Malaysia set to impose curbs on chicken exports from Jun 1, Singapore's food supply has come into sharp focus.

More than 90 per cent of Singapore's food is imported, and about 10 per cent is locally produced. Authorities work to diversify Singapore import sources to ensure a stable supply of safe food, said the Singapore Food Agency (SFA).

According to the latest Singapore Food Statistics report from the SFA, the number of imported food supply sources by countries and regions has increased from 2019 to 2021.

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CNA Explains: Where does Singapore get its food from?

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SINGAPORE: With Malaysia set to impose curbs on chicken exports from Jun 1, Singapore's food supply has come into sharp focus. More than 90 per cent of Singapore's food is impo

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJXvT2THdDE
#iamfat!

Youtube video on comparison of RFID and NFC

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What is the Difference between RFID and NFC?

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Students 11 or older

Problems Identification | Value Statements
Lifestyle & EduTech Continuation, expansion and improvement of B.O.S.S RIFD system implantation to the system for easier tracking of homework and what is in your bag *optional to connect a phone to the system can run without a phone for younger users that dont have a phone.
| Usability: easier to findhomework and textbooks.Time Saver: can find homework and textbooks faster as you can track what is in your files.Aesthetic Apeal: More neat and tidy.Convenience: Finding textbooks and homework easier as you can see where it is on a app or on the front of the backpack.
EnergyNot enough clean energy and irresponsible use of clean energy
| Sustainable: will not need to burn fossil fuels.Scientific Advancement:New technology
Home OrganisationPeople are not organising thier things which could lead to possible unhappiness and stress because of visual clutter
| Health: possible reduction of stress from visual clutter.Visual Apeal:Looks tidier and less cluttered and more spacious
Home Organisation People can not find important articles such as their phone, laptop, charger etc… as they often forget where they put it
| Convenience: can easily locate where the important articles are locatedUsability easy to use and fastTimesaver: easy to find your things and not need to spend time looking for it.

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https://thrivingyard.com/blender-composting/

https://www.blendtec.com/blogs/news/blend-your-way-to-green-a-fun-and-easy-guide-to-blender-composting#:~:text=Blender%20composting%20is%20a%20method,composting%20or%20worm%20bin%20composting.

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Blender Composting: Turn Kitchen Scraps Into Plant Food Fast

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Composting is an excellent way to make use of kitchen scraps and create your own nutrient-rich soil. But there are challenges in composting for people who live in apartments or have very limited yard space.

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Plant Basket to Filter Motorcycles’ Exhaust

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Plant Basket to Filter Motorcycles’ Exhaust

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I’m trying to find a way to use plants to filter the exhaust for a motorcycle to reduce greenhouse gases.

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https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/artificial-photosynthesis-turns-carbon-dioxide-into-clean-air/articleshow/58380948.cms

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Artificial photosynthesis turns carbon dioxide into clean air

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New York, April 26 (IANS) Researchers have found a way to trigger a process similar to photosynthesis in a synthetic material, turning greenhouse gases into clean air and producing energy -- all at the same time.

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https://scitechdaily.com/like-a-leaf-new-artificial-photosynthesis-method-to-capture-co2-directly-from-the-air-and-turn-it-into-fuel/?expand_article=1

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Like a Leaf – New Artificial Photosynthesis Method to Capture CO2 Directly From the Air and Turn It Into Fuel

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Argonne and SLAC will develop artificial photosynthesis methods to enable direct air capture of CO2 while expanding sources of energy through the conversion of CO2 to fuels and other useful chemicals. Leaves make it look easy, but capturing and using carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air is a cha

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https://ripe.illinois.edu/news/turbo-charged-photosynthesis-could-make-crops-grow-faster-while-using-fewer-nutrients

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One of the great ironies of evolution is that almost all known life depends on one of the slowest and most inefficient enzymes on Earth. Cyanobacteria have evolved a better mechanism to deal with the slow rate at which the Rubisco enzyme processes carbon dioxide than plants. Now scientists have taken the largest step towards transferring this work-around into a plant. If the process can be completed, crop yields may increase by as much as 60 percent while fertilizer and water demands decline, making it the single largest advance in crop efficiency ever contemplated.

Both plants and cyanobacteria use Rubisco to photosynthesize carbon dioxide into sugars, which can then be converted into all the other components necessary for life. Cyanobacteria have a carbon dioxide concentration mechanism to speed up the process, and Dr Ben Long of the Australian National University is working to give plants the same capacity.

Long told IFLScience each Rubisco molecule can only process around three carbon dioxide molecules a second, while many other enzymes induce hundreds of chemical reactions in the same time. Besides being painfully slow, Rubisco often fails to differentiate CO ₂ from oxygen, wasting precious time and energy on the wrong molecule.

Plants have responded to this inefficiency by producing enormous amounts of Rubisco. Long told IFLScience, "In a typical leaf of a plant half the protein can be Rubisco." Plants also respond by leaving their gas-exchanging stoma wide open, drawing in as much carbon dioxide as possible, at the cost of losing a lot of water.

Thirty-five million years ago the development of the C4 pathway gave one group of plants a slightly improved mechanism for dealing with this inefficiency, but long before that, single-celled organisms had created something much better. "Cyanobacteria use what's called a 'CO ₂ concentrating mechanism' to deliver large amounts of the gas into their carboxysomes, where their Rubisco is encapsulated," Long said in a statement.

After thousands of years of careful breeding of crops for greater yield, accelerated in recent decades through our knowledge of plant genetics, we are starting to run out of ways to increase crop efficiency. For many plants, yield improvements are diminishing, sometimes almost to zero.

The Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) project, which Long is a part of, has recognized that photosynthesis inefficiency is the primary remaining limiting factor for crops. Long told IFLScience RIPE considered a long list of changes that could be made to food plants, such as transferring the C4 mechanism into rice. Introducing cyanobacteria's concentrating mechanism into crops was considered the hardest thing to accomplish, because so many steps were involved, but also the biggest payoff if achieved.

"It's our moonshot," Long told IFLScience. Philanthropic organizations and governments provided funding to reflect this. In Nature Communications, Long has announced the first major step, inserting the genes for a simplified carboxysome into tobacco plants. These plants achieved the same photosynthesis as wild relatives, with far less Rubisco. Long likens this to building the Saturn 4 rocket to take humans into space.

Tobacco plants were chosen because they are well-understood and easy-to-modify model organisms, into which more limited cyanobacteria photosynthesis gene transfers have been achieved. Making the shift to food crops is among the smaller remaining obstacles. More challenging will be to adapt cyanobacteria's mechanism for concentrating the carbon dioxide inside cells. Even then, Long says, some "tinkering" will be needed to make all the parts work together.

Modeling suggests full transfer could increase crop yields by 60 percent, if Rubisco concentration is maintained. If plants responded by producing less Rubisco, they would need less nitrogen fertilization. Fewer Rubisco molecules would also dramatically cut plants' water consumption.

By: IFLScience

RELATED RIPE OBJECTIVES

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Turbo-Charged Photosynthesis Could Make Crops Grow Faster While Using Fewer Nutrients | RIPE

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One of the great ironies of evolution is that almost all known life depends on one of the slowest and most inefficient enzymes on Earth. Cyanobacteria have evolved a better mechanism to deal with the slow rate at which the Rubisco enzyme processes carbon dioxide than plants.

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https://theoceancleanup.com/rivers/

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80% of river plastic
stems from
1000 rivers

Rivers are the main source of ocean plastic pollution. They are the arteries that carry waste from land to the ocean. According to our research, 1000 rivers are responsible for roughly 80% of riverine pollution.

Illustration of river plastic

We aim to tackle plastic in 1000 rivers

To rid the oceans of plastic, we need not only to clean up what is already out there but also stop new plastic from entering the ocean - we need to close the tap. Working together with government leaders, individuals, and private corporations, our goal is to tackle these 1000 most polluting rivers all over the world.

Every single year, marine plastic costs the economy (6 to 19) billions of dollars - impacting tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, and (governmental) cleanups. And that doesn't include the impact on our health and on the marine ecosystem. Intercepting plastic in rivers is much more cost-effective than dealing with the consequences downstream.

Interceptor Solutions

No one river is the same. Factors like river width, depth, flow speed, debris composition, seasonality, and tides all have a major influence on the success of a river intervention. To tackle different types of scenarios, we have a family of technology solutions to choose from, ranging from high tech to low tech. Besides the ones listed below, we investigate the most suitable and effective ways to intercept plastic in other rivers on a case-by-case evaluation, and more solutions will be added to our portfolio.

Interceptor Original

The Interceptor Original is our first river cleanup technology. The Interceptor Original is a high-tech solution with solar-powered mechanics, smart processing, and connectivity for easy performance tracking. It is designed for series production, and in December 2020, we entered a partnership with Konecranes to begin manufacturing for more locations. Due to its autonomous and large cleaning capacity, this is the primary technology we evaluate for feasibility in any new river we plan to tackle. We currently have deployed this technology in five locations: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Dominican Republic, Vietnam, USA (California). To learn more, visit our Interceptor Original page:

Boyan Slat and Interceptor 004 in the Dominican Republic

Interceptor Barrier

The Interceptor Barrier is a solution that consists of a standalone floating barrier anchored in a U-shape around the mouth of a small river. This intercepts the trash and buffers it until it is removed from the water. The design builds on our experience from our existing Interceptor deployments. In fact, it is a variation of the barrier we use to concentrate trash toward the mouth of a standard Interceptor. The main difference is that, in this case, most of the barrier is permeable and is thereby optimized to efficiently buffer trash in the water.

Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, Barnes Gully barrier

Interceptor Tender

The Interceptor Tender was developed to work alongside our Interceptor Barriers. This small powered barge uses a conveyor belt to scoop up the trash from a barrier and offload it into a dumpster onshore. While the Interceptor Barrier is a tool to intercept trash, it's not capable of extracting and offloading on its own. This is where the Interceptor Tender comes in. This mobile extraction and offloading unit - developed in collaboration with Berky GmbH - is capable of servicing multiple barriers, and we expect to see multiple Interceptor Barrier deployments in close proximity to others. This means that the cost of extraction/offloading equipment is shared over multiple Interceptor sites.

Interceptor Barricade

The Interceptor Barricade was installed for testing in the Rio Las Vacas, Guatemala, in late May 2023 to halt the yearly tsunamis of trash that flood down the river during the rainy season. To withstand these exceptional high-pressure events, we developed a new Interceptor concept for this location. The Interceptor Barricade consists of two booms: one upstream and one downstream. The one upstream will take the majority of the pressure and the waste. This location is best suited for effective plastic extraction. The boom downstream catches any plastic missed or lost due to the pressure build-up and rapid trash accumulation in this uniquely challenging river.

Dashboard

We currently have 12 Interceptors deployed in 7 countries. Keep track of upcoming and deployed Interceptor Solutions on our dashboard.

Execute

Operators
Our local partners operate the Interceptors to extract the waste from the river and bring this on shore. They work together with responsible waste handlers to sort debris and recycle plastic where possible.

Initiate

Governments and river owners
Operators need support from (local) governments, who can provide the necessary permits to operate in rivers. Collection fees from governments and cities help safeguard continuity in waste extraction by the operators.

Accelerate

Funders and sponsors
Funders, sponsors, and investors make these river cleanups possible and accelerate the deployment of Interceptors. With your help, we can build consortia to clean rivers where it is most necessary.

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Rivers * The Interceptor * The Ocean Cleanup

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The Ocean Cleanup aims to tackle 1000 rivers to stem 80% of the river plastic pollution flow to oceans. The Interceptor technology prevents plastic from entering the world's oceans.

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NEW YORK – There are more than 170 trillion – or 2 million tonnes’ worth of – tiny plastic particles floating on the surface of the ocean, and many of them got there after 2004, according to a paper published on Wednesday in the journal Plos One.

The peer-reviewed paper is by Dr Marcus Eriksen of the 5 Gyres Institute, a California-based non-profit organisation focused on plastic pollution, and researchers from other organisations and universities.

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Too much trash in the ocean

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problem - parents use a lot of electricity to charge their phones.
a lot of energy and CO2 emissions from phone charging
looking into renewable energy
eg. https://www.instructables.com/Bike-Generator-Charging-Station/

possible idea - chair that has a pedal so you can cycle to create energy to charge batteries

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There are many ways to code the user-interface and menu using an Arduino and LCD shield. Our shield has 2 rows of display for 16 characters each, four directional buttons, a button intended for a "select" function, and a reset button. To simplify the coding process, we only utilized the four directional buttons, made a rather crude if-loop structure, and used instance variables for a lot of things. For those more comfortable with C++, we suggest you use a data structure ( as suggested here) or something more elegant than too-many-if-loops. We wanted the user to access saved statistics such as the top time pedaled in one go, the total "distanced" pedaled on this bike and the total watt-hours generated since day one. While the user pedals, we want the screen to display statistics such as the time since user started pedaling, speed in kilometers per hour (because km is an under appreciated unit in the U.S.), power being generated, watt-hours generated during the cycling period. For readers who have not used an I2C LCD shield before, here is a good place to start.

The calculations for these statistics were not difficult; for RPM and km/s, we divided the number of cycles pedaled by the time it took for the user to pedal that many cycles, and converted the units. We measured the radius of the back wheel of our bike and found the radius to be 28 cm. Thus the circumference is 175.929 cm, 0.00109317 miles or 0.00175929km. We calculated the distance biked using distance = rate*time. For power generated, power = current * voltage (P=IV). To get a watt-hours generated, we performed a Riemann-sum-like addition by multiplying instantaneous power by the time that passed (0.5 seconds) and adding that every half second the user has pedaled.

As for the menu, we indexed each screen and used a dummy counting variable to navigate through the screens. Up and Down would subtract or add to the dummy variable, while Left returns us to the higher tiered menu and Right takes us to the submenus.

Here is a schematic of our menu

Root Menu

>Top time

>>Show value

>Total distance traveled

>>Show value

>Total power generated

>>Show value

>About

>>Whatever information there is about the bike.

//the complete code can be found at the end of this Instructable

//the bolded code is what we add to the code from above
// include the library code:
#include <Wire.h>
#include < Adafruit_MCP23017.h>

#include< Adafruit_RGBLCDShield.h>

#include <EEPROM.h> //for long term information storage on Arduinos

//This portion is taking word for word from Adafruit's tutorial, which we linked above

// The shield uses the I2C SCL and SDA pins. On classic Arduinos
// this is Analog 4 and 5 so you can't use those for analogRead() anymore

// However, you can connect other I2C sensors to the I2C bus and share

// the I2C bus. Adafruit_RGBLCDShield lcd = Adafruit_RGBLCDShield();
// These #defines make it easy to set the backlight color
#define RED 0x1 #define YELLOW 0x3 #define GREEN 0x2 #define TEAL 0x6 #define BLUE 0x4 #define VIOLET 0x5 #define WHITE 0x7
//here starts the part we coded
int ptr = 0; // menu pointer int mins, secs, kmh;
//long term storage variables
int timeAddress = 0; int distanceAddress = 1; int powerAddress = 2; byte timeValue, distanceValue, powerValue; boolean isHome = true;
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2); lcd.print("Hello, world!"); lcd.setBacklight(WHITE); timeValue = EEPROM.read(timeAddress); distanceValue = EEPROM.read(distanceAddress); powerValue = EEPROM.read(powerAddress); root(); //set display to root menu
}

uint8_t i=0; // we put this in because the tutorial included it (not exactly sure what it's for)

void loop() {
menuFunction(); //see if button is pressed
if (motorV > 1.0 && !hasBeenOn) {
lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("Warming up..."); lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("Keep pedaling. "); lcd.setBacklight(GREEN);
digitalWrite(cc, HIGH); //press start on charge controller
lcd.setBacklight(YELLOW);
delay(3500); //press start for 3.5 seconds

cycle = 0;

t0 = millis();

digitalWrite(cc, LOW); //stop pressing start

//battery should now be charging
lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0,0);
hasBeenOn = true;
lcd.print("Charging battery"); lcd.setBacklight(RED); lcd.setCursor(3, 1);
timeOn = millis();

//time of how long person has been pedaling
lcd.print((millis()-timeOn)/1000);
delay(wait);
isHome = false;
}

else if(motorV > 1.0 && hasBeenOn){
secs = int((millis()-timeOn)/1000); mins = int(secs/60); secs = int(secs%60); //this could also be written as a separate function lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print(mins); lcd.setCursor(2, 0); // print the number of seconds since start biking lcd.print(":"); lcd.setCursor(3, 0); lcd.print(secs); lcd.setCursor(9, 1); lcd.print(rpm); lcd.setCursor(13,1); lcd.print("RPM"); isHome = false;
getCurrent(); //this prints W, Wh

getkmh(); //this prints km/h

}

else{
if (timeValue > (millis()-timeOn/1000/60)){ timeValue = int(millis()-timeOn/1000/60); EEPROM.write(timeAddress, timeValue); }
if(!isHome){
root();
}

}

}
void getkmh() {
kmh = rpm*60.0*revolution; lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(kmh); lcd.setCursor(2,1); lcd.print("km/h "); }
void getCurrent(){

current = (float(analogRead(hall))-514.5)/26.5;
lcd.setCursor(6, 0); lcd.print(int (current*13)); lcd.setCursor(8,0); lcd.print("W");
Wh = Wh + float(wait)/3600.0*current*13.0;
lcd.setCursor(10,0); lcd.print(Wh); lcd.setCursor(13,0); lcd.print("Wh");
}
void menuFunction() { delay(200); uint8_t buttons = lcd.readButtons(); if (buttons) { if (buttons & BUTTON_UP) { scrollUp(ptr); } if (buttons & BUTTON_DOWN) { if(ptr >0){ scrollDown(ptr); } } if (buttons & BUTTON_LEFT) { if(ptr >=1 && ptr <=4){ root(); } else if(ptr >= 5){ menu(); } } if (buttons & BUTTON_RIGHT) { scrollRight(); } } } void menu() { lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("MENU (scroll V)"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Top times"); ptr = 1; } void root() { lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Bike to Charge!"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Menu (Right >)"); ptr = 0; isHome = true; } void scrollRight() { Serial.println(ptr); if(ptr == 0){ menu(); } else if(ptr == 1){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Top time"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(timeValue); // RECALL NUMBER!!! TOP TIME lcd.setCursor(13,1); lcd.print("min"); ptr = 5; } else if(ptr == 2){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Total distance"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(distanceValue); // RECALL NUMBER!!! TOTAL DISTANCE lcd.setCursor(14,1); lcd.print("mi"); ptr = 6; } else if(ptr == 3){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Total energy"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(powerValue); // RECALL NUMBER!!! TOTAL WATTHOURS lcd.setCursor(15,1); lcd.print("J"); ptr = 7; } else if(ptr == 4){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Scroll down to "); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("read more!!! (V)"); // RECALL NUMBER!!! TOTAL WATTHOURS ptr = 8; } } void scrollDown(int i){ Serial.println(i); if (i == 1){ lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Total distance "); ptr = 2; } else if (i == 2){ lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Total energy "); ptr = 3; } else if (i == 3){ lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("About! "); ptr = 4; } else if (i == 8){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Electronics bike"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("worked on by: "); ptr = 9; } else if (i == 9){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("A. McKay '13"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("J. Wong '15"); ptr = 10; } else if (i == 10){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("A.Karapetrova'15"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("S. Walecka '15"); ptr = 11; } else if (i == 11){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("S. Li '17"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("N. Sandford '17"); ptr = 12; } else if (i == 12){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("For His Majesty "); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Dwight Whitaker "); ptr = 13; } else if (i == 13){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Phys 128 "); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Pomona College "); ptr = 14; } else if (i == 14){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Paid for by the "); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("SIO and Dept of "); ptr = 15; } else if (i == 15){ lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Physics and "); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Astronomy. "); ptr = 16; } } void scrollUp(int i){ if (i ==2){ menu(); } if (i>2){ scrollDown(i-2); } }

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Bike Generator Charging Station: Want to workout but your phone's dead? With a stationary bike generator, that doesn't have to be a problem. You can hop on your bike and watch your calories burn as you provide the energy to recharge your phone (or Laptop). This project is an extens...

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Hi Shi Yi, pls check your Tinkercad account. I think it should be up and working.

Teacher Jackie

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https://shopee.sg/Solar-and-Wind-Energy-Powered-Fan-Model-DIY-Kit-Science-Toys-for-Children-Hand-assembled-Education-Model-Kit-Wooden-Toys-Gift-i.142717859.7419019333?sp_atk=41e890a1-5915-4200-8b42-bed1a3ccbbb0&xptdk=41e890a1-5915-4200-8b42-bed1a3ccbbb0

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i decided to use mesh for the air fillter and stick to copper to speed up condensation .use a wild mill instead of a wind up fan

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I want to use a winde up mechanism to start the fan

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Fontus creates WATER out of light and air. Join us in making this vision come to life! | Check out 'Fontus - The Self Filling Water Bottles' on Indiegogo.

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Good progress and discussion today on the final design of your invention. You are ready to build the prototype. Advised to find a location to build so that you could access the prototype regularly. You would need to work on your logbook at the same time.

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Each year, millions of acres of forest around the world are destroyed or degraded by fire. The same amount is lost to logging and agriculture combined. Fire is often used as a way to clear land for other uses such as planting crops. 95% of global deforestation occurs in the tropics. Brazil and Indonesia alone account for almost half.Huge areas of rainforest are destroyed by clearing for farming, timber, roads, hydropower dams, mining, house-building or other development.If the current rate of deforestation continues, the world's rain forests will vanish within 100 years- causing unknown effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V0CeEfK_i4

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How to Create Clean Drinking Water from Air

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94SbtFgUv34

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Water from the air. Homemade atmospheric water generator (AWG)

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Knee Guard -  https://cad.onshape.com/documents/16594e63d9d85bb80e54e779/w/ef16bcf497de0472ebcabf1c/e/6fdd38d362520cfc7cf0c50f?renderMode=0&uiState=64842e2b63b97a779e0e5ec9

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Sign in to Onshape, the #1 fastest growing CAD system in the world with over 3 million users.

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Hi Jac, here are some examples. figure out how you're going to sort the compostable vs. the non-compostable items. Then figure out how to compost both. https://www.tomra.com/en/food/categories/nuts-and-dried-fruit/hazelnuts

https://togosolution.com/composting-machines/?gclid=CjwKCAjw36GjBhAkEiwAKwIWyT0gEvbcY69A5BmJtX6ph1qBod_1n3EBlgr4G9XlfH7yfDJwXRb-QRoC3i8QAvD_BwE

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TOMRA's sorting machines provide superior detection capabilities with high throughputs. Our optical sorting technologies ensure food safety by removing foreign materials, deliver consistently high product quality by removing hazelnuts with defects, minimize product waste, and are easy to use.

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Hazelnut optical sorting machine | Nut processing equipment

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TOMRA's sorting machines provide superior detection capabilities with high throughputs. Our optical sorting technologies ensure food safety by removing foreign materials, deliver consistently high product quality by removing hazelnuts with defects, minimize product waste, and are easy to use.

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might be interesting: https://asknature.org/strategy/holey-leaf-pattern-captures-light/

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The Strategy

At first glance, this strategy doesn't make sense-how can a leaf full of holes help a plant capture more sunlight? However, if we think about the conditions in which the plant grows-in low light beneath the forest canopy, often dependent on moving vegetation overhead to capture sunflecks-it makes a lot of sense. One scientist has hypothesized that holes allow Monstera's leaves to grow larger and spread out over a greater area to capture diffuse sunlight without having to put energy into growing extra leaf area.

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Holey Leaf Pattern Captures Light - Biological Strategy - AskNature

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Leaves full of holes help the Swiss cheese plant capture intermittent light

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Cost-effective and popular: DORHEA AMG8833 8 * 8 IR Thermal Camera Sensor Breakout Imager Array Temperature Sensor Module Grid-Eye 8x8 Infrared Camera Module Array Board IIC I2C 3-5V for Raspberry Pi AMG-8833

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How much voltage does a led light bulb use to a normal light bulb?

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How much voltage does a led light bulb use to a normal light bulb?

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on LED datasheets. Typically, the forward voltage of an LED is between 1.8 and 3.3 volts. It varies by the color of the LED. A red LED typically drops around 1.7 to 2.0 volts, but since both voltage drop and light frequency increase with band gap, a blue LED may drop around 3 to 3.3 volts.while a normal lightbulb voltage is around 110 Volts, designed to match the voltage produced by a common electrical outlet. Typical lightbulb wattage (the amount of energy produced) is around 60 Watts

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Objects around us give off heat to some degree, and that heat is
made up of long wavelength infrared radiation that the human
eye cannot see. Thermal imaging uses a sensor to convert the
radiation into a visible light picture. Not only does this picture
help us identify objects in total darkness, or through dense
smoke, but the sensor information can be used to measure
temperature differences as well.
Thermal imaging cannot be used in applications where the
materials absorb long wavelength radiation. Thermal imaging
cannot look through common materials such as water or glass.
There are two types of infrared
detectors: photon detectors and thermal
detectors. Photon detectors usually
offer better sensitivity and response
times than thermal detectors. However,
photon detectors require that the
detector be cooled by liquid nitrogen or
other means, therefore they are larger,
more expensive, and less reliable. Thermal detectors have
become the unit of choice in the law enforcement community.
There are many thermal detection processes available, but the
two most common are resistive bolometers and pyroelectric
sensors. Resistive bolometers are much like complementary
metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) solid state cameras. They
have no moving parts, but must periodically recalibrate
themselves because they constantly respond to the radiation
being produced by an object. Pyroelectric sensors, on the other
hand, respond to changes in the radiation of an object.
Therefore, they must use a rotating motorized "chopper" wheel
to modulate the radiation. This gives them a slight
disadvantage to microbolometers because of noise and reliability.

Source: SAVER is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of State and Local
Government Coordination and Preparedness.
Opinions or points of view expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily
represent the view or official position of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of State
and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness, Systems Support Division.
For further information regarding this thermal imaging technology overview please contact Eddie
Broyles, SPAWAR Systems Center Charleston, Law Enforcement Advanced Technology Engineering,
at (843) 218-4423.

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When people go out to eat they waste a lot of food by not finishing it ,even if they pack it to go some people don’t finish it in time and it gets spoilt and they through it away . This creates a problem .

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Researchers have discovered that living plants are literally 'green' power source: they can generate, by a single leaf, more than 150 Volts, enough to simultaneously power 100 LED light bulbs.

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- Risk of Secondary Injury in Younger Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Overall, the total second ACL reinjury rate was 15%, with an ipsilateral reinjury rate of 7% and contralateral injury rate of 8%. The secondary ACL injury rate (ipsilateral + contralateral) for patients younger than 25 years was 21%. The secondary ACL injury rate for athletes who return to a sport was also 20%. Combining these risk factors, athletes younger than 25 years who return to sport have a secondary ACL injury rate of 23%.

- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Return to Play, and Reinjury in the Elite Collegiate Athlete: Analysis of an NCAA Division I Cohort

Thirty-five athletes were identified with precollegiate reconstruction and 54 with intracollegiate reconstruction. The PC group had a 17.1% injury rate with the original graft, with a 20.0% rate of a contralateral ACL injury. For the IC group, the reinjury rates were 1.9% with an ACL graft, with an 11.1% rate of a contralateral ACL injury after intracollegiate ACL reconstruction. The athletes in the PC group used 78% of their total eligibility (average, 3.11 years). The athletes in the IC group used an average of 77% of their remaining NCAA eligibility; 88.3% of those in the IC group played an additional non-redshirt year after their injury. The reoperation rate for the PC group was 51.4% and was 20.4% for the IC group.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Ferrock for Building

Ferrock has been proven to be five times stronger than traditional concrete. It also has a much higher compression strength and much more flexibility as well.

Excels in Saltwater

When exposed to saltwater, concrete gradually erodes as the sulfates attack the concrete and cause expansions. The presence of chlorides in the seawater then causes the swelling of the concrete to retard, and this leads to erosion.

Ferrock, however, has shown to excel in saltwater environments and become even stronger! This makes Ferrock a perfect alternative to concrete when building

marine-based structures.

Sustainable

Not only is Ferrock CO2 negative and made from 95% recycled materials, but the process in which it’s developed also doesn’t cause any damage to the environment either.

Concrete, however, results in 2.8 billions tonnes of carbon dioxide and is responsible for a tenth of the world’s industrial water usage. A recent study claims there’s more concrete by weight than there is plant matter on Earth today.

The latest concrete alternative

COST OF FERROCK

Ferrock is currently cheaper, as it is sourced from waste materials.

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Researchers at Peru’s Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC) have developed an LED lamp powered by a houseplant. Called the “Plant Lamp", it is designed as a safer alternative to dangerous fumes-generating kerosene lamps, and can be used for lighting up a small area, say, for work or reading.

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Reliable electricity is still a problem in a lot of countries globally. Which is why the new technique of generating electricity for lighting could be great news for a lot of countries. Researchers at Peru's Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC) have developed an LED lamp powered by a houseplant. Called the "Plant Lamp", it is designed as a safer alternative to dangerous fumes-generating kerosene lamps, and can be used for lighting up a small area, say, for work or reading.

"We put the plant and soil into a wooden plant pot together with a previously established and properly protected irrigation system. Then, inside the pot we place the energy generation system that we created which stores soil and electrodes capable of converting plant nutrients into electric energy," explains Elmer Ramirez, a professor of Energy and Power Engineering at UTEC and leader of the Plant lamp research team.

This lamp has an energy recovery system, which is essentially a metal grid inside a planter. This harnesses electrons from microorganisms released by growing plants stored into the soil which contains nutrients as well as microorganisms released by plants. The grid uses the free electrons from the microorganisms. The generated power is stored in a battery, which has a capacity to power the light for up to two hours at a stretch. There is a high illumination LED.

The UTEC researchers have been testing 10 of these prototype lamps among the native community of Nuevo Saposa in Peru. Because of natural causes such as flooding and incredibly high levels of moisture-dense vegetation, the electricity grid tends to fail here. The locals resort to using a kerosene lamp for light, but it is important to note that the fuel itself is expensive and the fumes generated by the kerosene lamps are extremely harmful. This was the reason why the research team chose this particular community for field testing. "While there are shortages of a number of resources in Nuevo Saposoa, the absence of electric energy has a major impact on social, educational and family development," says Jessica Ruas, marketing director, UTEC.

While the renewable energy technology itself is nowhere close to mass production, this could indeed be great news for a lot of people around the globe, including in India, who live in rural areas with inconsistent or no electricity connections. The primary benefit is reduced reliance on the harmful kerosene-based lighting solution that people are forced to use. The fact that plants are being used for generating electricity means there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

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Plant Lamp uses plants to generate electricity

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Reliable electricity is still a problem in a lot of countries globally. Which is why the new technique of generating electricity for lighting could be great news for a lot of countries. Researchers at Peru's Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC) have developed an LED lamp powered by a houseplant.

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Chlorophyll content plays a vital role in photosynthetic and biomass production in all plants. Because chlorophyll shows a greater sensitivity to changes in external conditions than do other pigments in foliage, such as carotenoids for example, chlorophyll content in leaves may be a good surrogate for environmental stress, changes in temperature and humidity, as well as in pollutant levels both in the air and in the soil. This paper reviews the potential for chlorophyll content in the leaves of trees as a measure of tree health, resistance to stress and environmental conditions. Because chlorophyll content is shown to decrease dramatically with increases in pollution, non-destructive methods for evaluating the amount of chlorophyll in leaves and its changes over a time may be a sufficient indicator for environmental pollutant levels in the air, in the soil and in the water used by a tree. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1006/1/012007/pdf#:~:text=Chlorophyll%20is%20a%20natural%20green,various%20environmental%20conditions%20and%20ecosystems.

The leaves of many trees have large surface areas that can act as a natural filter to absorb air pollution and remove heavy metal pollution and other airborne contaminants. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1006/1/012007/pdf#:~:text=Chlorophyll%20is%20a%20natural%20green,various%20environmental%20conditions%20and%20ecosystems.

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Plants can give off electricity with something called Plant microbial fuel cell.Micro-organisms which are naturally found in the ground around the roots of plants break down these organic compounds. This process causes electrons to be released. It is possible to gather these electrons with an electrode and use them to generate electricity.

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Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds.

In concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) plants, collectors reflect and concentrate sunlight and redirect it to a receiver, where it is converted to heat and then used to generate electricity.

Aug 22, 2018 · Want to continue learning about engineering with videos like this one? Then visit:https://courses ...
Duration: 15:41
Posted: Aug 22, 2018

Washington DC (Hagerstown MD), Virginia

From your IP address - Learn more

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how does a plant electricity collector work - Google Search

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Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds. In concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) plants, collectors reflect and concentrate sunlight and redirect it to a receiver, where it is converted to heat and then used to generate electricity. Aug 22, 2018 · Want to continue learning about engineering with videos like this one?